Effects of low-concentration atropine eye drops on the optical quality of the eyes in myopic children

Purpose: The present study was performed to compare the optical quality of the eyes of myopic children before and after treatment with atropine eye drops of different concentrations. Methods: In the study population of 71 patients (131 eyes), 34 patients (63 eyes) were given 0.01% atropine eye drops and 37 patients (68 eyes) were given 0.05% atropine eye drops. The modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, objective scattering index (OSI), and predicted visual acuities (PVAs 100%, 20%, and 9%) under different lighting conditions were measured before and after two weeks of atropine treatment. Results: After using 0.05% atropine eye drops for two weeks, the Strehl ratio decreased from 0.27 ± 0.07 to 0.23 ± 0.07 (P = 0.0026), PVA 20% decreased from 1.15 ± 0.32 to 1.03 ± 0.36 (P = 0.0344), and PVA 9% decreased from 0.74 ± 0.23 to 0.64 ± 0.23 (P = 0.0073). The OSI was significantly higher after using 0.05% than 0.01% atropine eye drops (P = 0.0396), while both the Strehl ratio and PVA 20% were lower after using 0.05% than 0.01% atropine eye drops (P = 0.0087 and P = 0.0492, respectively). Conclusion: The children’s optical quality did not change significantly after using 0.01% atropine eye drops, whereas it decreased after using 0.05% atropine eye drops.

Systemic lupus erythematosus affects the tear film and objective visual quality of the patient / 医学研究生学报

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cause irreversible damage to multiple organs of the body.This article evaluates the changes in tear film quality and visual quality in patients with SLE.Methods In the study,we selected 66 patients with SLE (66 right eyes) for the study group and 59 healthy volunteers (59 right eyes) for the control group,The measurements of BUT,corneal fluorescein staining(FL) score and SIt were taken in turn for both two groups.Anterior segment OCT was used for measuring the CET,CCT,TMD,TMH and TMA.OQAS Ⅱ system was taken for MTFcutoff,SR,static OSI,OV (100％,20％,9％) and dynamic OSI.Differences of the parameters were compared between the two groups.The data correlation was assessed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results There were significant differences in SIt,BUT,FL score,CET,TMH,TMD and TMA between the two groups(P＜0.05),but no significant difference in CCT (P＞0.05).The differences of static OSI,MTFcutoff,SR,OV100％,OV20％,OV9％ between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The △OSI(differences between dynamic and static OSI) had the difference between the two groups(t=4.615,P＜0.001).TMA was positively correlated with CET,SIt,and BUT (P＜0.05),and had no correlation with OSI,MTFcutoff,SR,OV100％,OV20％,OV9％ (P＞0.05).Anti-ds-DNA is positively correlated with SIt,TMA,MTFcutoff and SR (r =0.346,0.208,0.257,0.197,P＜0.05) and negatively correlated with OSI(r=-0.292,P＜0.05).There was no correlation between ANA,C3,C4 and the parameters of tear film and visual quality (P＞0.05).Conclusion SLE may affect the amount and stability of the patient's tears and affects the corneal epithelial thickness and visual quality.

Methods that used to evaluate the visual quality after wearing orthokeratology lens / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Orthokeratology is a kind of rigid contact lens which have reverse geometric desi, with higher oxygen permeability and security.Overnight wearing of orthokeratology can decrease the central corneal curvature and increase peripheral corneal curvature by flatting the central department of corneal, thus reduce the refraction of myopia.Through a period of time of wearing orthokeratology lens, patients can obtain good eyesight without frame glasses.Insisting on wearing orthokeratology lens can control the development of myopia.Orthokeratology is widely applied in the control of juvenile myopia, so we need scientific evaluation system to measure the visual quality after wearing orthokeratology lens.Here are the methods that used to evaluate the visual quality after wearing orthokeratology lens.

Optical Quality and Tear Film Analysis after Various Lubricating Eye - Drops.

Purpose: To compare the optical quality and tear film analysis of normal and dry eye individuals after instilling various lubricating eye drops. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 eyes of 25 normal individuals and 20 eyes of 10 dry eye patients were studied using LipiView Interferometer (TearScienceInc, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA) Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS) and HD Analyzer (Visiometrics, Terrassa, Spain). These patients were subjected to randomized use of drop A (polyethylene glycol 400 NF 0.4%, propylene glycol 0.3%), drop B (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glycerin 0.9%), and drop C (sodium CMC-5 mg). The optical quality and tear film were analyzed at the end of 10 min, 40 min and 1 week. Results: The average interferometric units measured were 82.36, 74.28 and 71.4 with drops A, B and C, respectively. The average objective scatter index was 0.42 before using any drops and 0.48, 0.38 and 0.42 after drops A, B and C, respectively. The average modulation transfer function was 43.7 before drops and 39, 45.6 and 46 after usage of drops A, B, and C, respectively. Conclusion: The lipiview analysis suggested that drop A had a beneficial effect on the lipid layer of the tear film. Metrics on OQAS revealed that drops B and C showed improvement in MTF and OSI in normal as well as dry eye patients.

Objective Clinical Evaluation of Ocular Optical Instrument According to the Type of Lens Opacity

PURPOSE: To investigate the results using the OQAS and the Pentacam in cataract patients classified according to the type of lens opacity. METHODS: The present study included 124 eyes of 92 patients who had cataract surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from December 2011 to January 2012 and were classified into nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract patients. The lens opacity was determined with OSI, MTF, Strehl ratio, width 10%, width 50% and the opacity of Scheimpflug image by the OQAS and the Pentacam. Additionally, the correlation between subjective cataract classification and objective opacity value was analyzed. RESULTS: The nuclear cataract group showed a 6.40 +/- 2.41 OSI value and had high opacity. The cortical cataract group showed the highest MTF cut-off value (12.02 +/- 6.19 C/deg). When evaluating Pentacam results, the posterior subcapsular cataract group had the lowest average level of lens opacity (9.12 +/- 1.08) followed by in increasing order, the cortical cataract group (9.79 +/- 1.67) and the nuclear cataract group (11.08 +/- 1.84). The results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The OSI value of the OQAS was significantly correlated with nuclear and posterior opacity (p = 0.049, p = 0.039, respectively) except cortical opacity (p = 0.781). MTF and nuclear opacity showed statistically significant correlation and the lens opacity of Pentacam was correlated with nuclear and posterior opacities. In cortical cataract with severe peripheral opacity, the cortical opacity showed significant correlation with Maximum. CONCLUSIONS: The OQAS and Pentacam results showed high correlation with the nuclear and posterior opacities which can be useful for cataract surgery.

The Effects of Overnight Orthokeratology Lens Wear on Ocular Scatter

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of visual quality after wearing orthokeratology lenses overnight. METHODS: This study included 13 patients (24 eyes) who wore orthokeratology lenses for the first time. Visual quality was assessed with the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) using the double-pass technique. The value of modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, Strehl ratio, and objective scatter index (OSI) were measured at baseline and 4 weeks after wearing the lenses. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent decreased from -2.70 +/- 1.03 diopters (D) to 0.03 +/- 0.36 D after 4 weeks of wearing orthokeratology lenses and uncorrected visual acuity improved from log MAR 0.88 +/- 0.17 to log MAR 0.03 +/- 0.04. The MTF cutoff decreased from 38.20 +/- 11.01 to 34.79 +/- 10.30 and the Strehl ratio decreased from 0.24 +/- 0.07 to 0.21 +/- 0.07 but without statistical significance. The OSI significantly increased from 0.38 +/- 0.19 to 0.72 +/- 0.40 after wearing orthokeratology lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Orthokeratology lenses were effective for correction of myopia and astigmatism. The OSI increased after wearing the lenses, but MFT cutoff and Strehl ratios were not affected.

Objective Optical Quality Analysis in Dry Eye Syndrome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS(R)) instrument for the assessment of dry eye syndrome. METHODS: Dynamic recording of double-pass (DP) retinal images was performed in 1 eye dry eye patients (20 eyes) and in healthy controls (20 eyes) for 20 seconds after eye blinking. RESULTS: The mean objective scatter Index (OSI) value was 4.53 in dry eyes, 0.67 in healthy eyes and the standard deviation of OSI was 1.20 in dry eyes and 1.18 in healthy eyes. The patients with dry eyes showed significantly higher mean OSI and standard deviation values. Ocular scatter increased over time and significant changes occurred 13.5 seconds after blinking. The difference in OSI value between 0 second and 20 seconds was significantly greater in dry eye patients (4.15) than in controls (0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular scatter increased over time after blinking. The dry eye patients had larger and more variable ocular scatter index than the controls. OQAS(R) may be useful to detect and follow-up tear film-related patient complaints in dry eye syndrome.

Changes in Optical Quality of Cataract Patients' Corrected Visual Acuity before and after Phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To evaluate objectively the improvement level of a patient's visual function using the NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire pre- and post-operatively and the OQAS results from the patient group who had the same corrected visual acuity pre- and post-operatively. METHODS: We examined and compared the NEI-VFQ-25 test, OSI, MTF cut-off, strehl ratio, OQAS, and width at 50% and 10% in 24 eyes of 24 patients who had cataract surgery between December 2011 and February 2012. The patients' corrected visual acuity in both eyes had no change (0.8 and 0.8) pre-operatively and 2 months post-operatively (1.0 and 1.0). RESULTS: The satisfaction level regarding the patients' visual function increased. The NEI-VFQ-25 test was 71.54 +/- 14.88 points pre-operatively and 85.70 +/- 6.17 points post-operatively. OSI decreased to 3.13 +/- 1.66 (OSI value) and 1.53 +/- 0.58 (OSI value), and MTF cut off value improved from 14.51 +/- 6.97 (C/deg) to 27.63 +/- 8.98 (C/deg). Strehl ratio was improved to 0.09 +/- 0.03 and 0.14 +/- 0.03, width at 50% improved to 8.44 +/- 3.73 and 4.52 +/- 1.90 and width at 10% improved to 35.30 +/- 15.22 and 18.04 +/- 8.87 pre- and post-operatively, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The NEI-VFQ-25 test reflected the vision improvement in patients where after cataract surgery, determination of the visual function improvement only through vision would not be possible. In addition, the OQAS showed the quality of vision improved through quantified values.