GASTRO-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ROOT EXTRACT OF BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA ON ASPIRIN INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS

The key assessment of the study was evaluating the gastro-protective properties of Barleria buxifolia root extract (REBB) in ulcerative rats. The roots of Barleria buxifolia have properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. Induction of gastric ulcers was done with aspirin (150 mg/kg, b.w., p.o) for 3 days and was accompanied by treatment with REBB (200 & 400 mg/kg orally) for 15 days. Ranitidine (20 mg/kg, orally) was received as the standard treatment for 14 days. Ulcer index, percent inhibition of ulceration, lipid peroxidation (LPO), TNF-? levels, and histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa were measured. Aspirin-induced stomach ulcers were seen in 100% of the groups, whereas other animal groups, aside from the control group possessed relatively comparable inductions. Ulcer number, ulcer index (p<0.01), and LPO (p<0.05) shown significant reduction in the 400mg/kg and Ranitidine (20mg/kg) when compared to Aspirin induced control group. Whereas the Ulcer score (p<0.001) and TNF-? (p<0.05) showed significant reduction in Ranitidine treated group but showed objectively improvement but statistically non-significant results in 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg REBB. Hence it was found that Baleria buxifolia root extract effectively mitigates aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in rats, underscoring its potential as a gastro protective agent.

An Investigation of Type II Anti-diabetic activity of Biologically Active phytochemical(s) of Coccinia Indica Fruits in High Sugar Diet Induced Diabetic Rats

Unhealthy diets and lifestyles cause a resistance to and/or relative deficiency of insulin production. Therefore, it is thought worthwhile to develop a natural remedy that may effectively manage the disease symptoms to a certain extent without causing adverse consequences. The objective was to develop the active biological constituent(s) for the use of Coccinia indica and its relationship to treating type II diabetic rats. The soxhlet extraction method was used to get the cocktail of phytochemicals of C. indica by using methanol. The composition of a high-sugar diet, followed by fructose (66%), was used to induce T2DM in rats. The preliminary predictive markers were body weight (pre- and post-treatment), blood glucose level (pre- and post-treatment), serum insulin, and pancreatic insulin. And the secondary outcomes were the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Additionally, pancreatic tissue was used to estimate beta cell mass, size, and necrosis, and the cell supernatant was used to observe superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and catalase (CAT). High sugar diet showed significant increase in body weight (p < 0.01), fasting blood glucose level (p < 0.001), and decrease in serum and pancreatic insulin levels (p < 0.001), whereas rats treated with methanolic extract of C. indica showed significant reduction in post-treatment body weight (p < 0.01), blood glucose levels (p < 0.01), and increase in serum and pancreatic insulin (p < 0.001), especially in higher doses, i.e., 400 mg/kg. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TGF-beta, and TNF-?) can increase insulin resistance, which results in poor glucose homeostasis, which has been reduced by treatment with C. indica (p<0.001). Superoxide radicals and a deficiency in catalase, both of which are linked to diabetes, but the extract of the plant has been shown to enhance the secretion of enzymes SOD and CAT (p<0.001). It has been proven to have a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis because it lowers oxidative stress and similarly reduces the level of LPO (p<0.01). Additionally, the treated rat pancreas shows islets of Langerhans that are normal in number and size. No necrosis or reduction in size was seen. The current study conclusively shows that the phytoconstituents of C. indica have the potential to tackle long-term health complications and manage symptoms.

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Promotes PGC-1α Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Antioxidant Stress to Protect Cognitive Function in Vascular Dementia Rats / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on cognitive function of vascular dementia (VD) rats and its mechanism. MethodsVD rat model was established by modified two-vessel occlusion (2-VO). After modeling, TEAS and electroacupuncture (EA) were used to stimulate Baihui and Zusanli points of rats respectively for 14 d. After treatment, novel object recognition test, Morris water maze test, and Y maze test were used to evaluate the spatial memory and learning ability of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal neurons. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal mitochondria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detected the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, MDA and ROS in serum of rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PGC-1α, TFAM, HO-1, NQO1 proteins in the hippocampus, Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus. ResultsAfter treatment for 14 d, compared to the model group, the escape latency of VD rats decreased, while the discrimination index, the times of rats crossing the original platform area, the residence time in the original platform quadrant, and the percentage of alternation increased. TEAS can improve the structure of hippocampal neurons and mitochondria of VD rats, showing that neurons were arranged more regularly and distributed more evenly, nuclear membrane and nucleoli were clearer, and mitochondrial swelling were reduced, mitochondrial matrix density were increased, and mitochondrial cristae were more obvious. The levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in serum increased significantly, while the concentration of MDA and ROS decreased. TEAS also up-regulated the expression levels of PGC-1α TFAM, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in the hippocampus and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus, but down-regulated the Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm. ConclusionTEAS can improve cognition, hippocampal neurons and mitochondrial structure of VD rats, and the effect is better than EA. The mechanism may be the activation of PGC-1α mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant stress, which also provides a potential therapeutic technology and experimental basis for the treatment of VD.

Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#To identify phytochemical constituents present in the extract of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic capacities.@*METHODS@#The AlCl3 colorimetric method and Prussian Blue assay were used to determine the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in extraction layers, and the bioactive layers was screened through anti - oxidative activity in vitro. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) were used to identify the ingredients. And anti-oxidative ingredients were screened by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. The ameliorative role of it was further evaluated in a high-fat, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model and the study was carried out on NADPH oxidase (PDB ID: 2CDU) by molecular docking.@*RESULTS@#Combined with the results of activity screening in vitro, the anti - oxidative part was identified as the ethyl acetate layer. A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the ethyl acetate layer and 13 main anti-oxidative active constituents were preliminarily screened out through off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. In vivo experiments showed that flowers of X. sorbifolia could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic mice and alleviate liver cell damage. Based on the results of docking analysis related to the identified phytocompounds and oxidase which involved in type 2 diabetes, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and isoquercitrin showed a better inhibitory profile.@*CONCLUSION@#The ethyl acetate layer was rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids and had significant anti-oxidant activity, which could prevent hyperglycemia. This observed activity profile suggested X. sorbifolia flowers as a promising new source of tea to develop alternative natural anti-diabetic products with a high safety margin.

Formulation and evaluation of a face serum containing fenugreek extract

Background: Wrinkles on the face and aging of the skin are an undesirable effect of photodamage and ultraviolet radiation. Serum has a quick absorption and ability to penetrate deep layers of the skin, as well as a non-oily finish and a deep formula with a very high amount of active ingredients. Methods: In this study, we have formulated and evaluated a face serum containing combination of aqueous extract of fenugreek seed and lemon oil. Results: Facial serum was tested for its pH, physical appearance, viscosity, microbial testing, cyclic temperature test, etc. The results of the stability study show that there was no change in visual acuity, homogeneity. Conclusions: Serum containing Fenugreek extract have been able to cure bacterial infections and inflammations of facial skin, and other signs also moistens the skin without any side effects making skin soft, smooth and supple.

FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AGAINST CCL4-INDUCED HEPATIC DAMAGE IN WISTER RATS

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of Pleurotus ostreatus using in vitro and in vivo methodology.Methods: Methanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (MEPO) was prepared by cold maceration technique. Rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into 6 groups of six each (n=6). Group I served as control (0.9% Nacl), group II was considered as the positive control, administered with CCl4 dissolved in olive oil (intraperitoneal injection at 0.5 mg/kg body weight), group III was given with CCl4+standard drug sylimarin (100 mg/kg body weight, p. o.), group IV, V and VI were administered with CCl4+MEPO at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg orally for a period of 21 d. The liver injury was induced by the administration of CCl4 intraperitoneally with a single dose of CCl4 (0.5 mg/kg body weight) as a 1:1 (v/v) solution in olive oil.Results: In the Hydroxyl free radical scavenging assay, the IC50 values of the test extract was found to be 72.1±1.68 as compared with the standard drug (IC50-66.3±1.02), which was considered as significant (***p<0.001). In the reducing power assay, all the absorbance values were comparable to standard ascorbic acid and showed maximum reducing ability at the concentration of 500 µg/ml. In the in vivo anti-oxidant study, administration of MEPO to injury-induced rats at the dose of 400 and 800 mg/kg, significantly increased (**p<0.001) the levels of SOD and CAT, with a significant reduction in the MDA levels.Conclusion: The current study explored a potential source for anti-oxidants in the methanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus, thus seems to be protective to liver in CCl4-induced hepatic injury.

Effect of Water Stress and Paclobutrazole on Proline and Total Antioxidant Activity in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The present investigation entitled “Effect of Water Stress and Paclobutrazole on Proline and Total Antioxidant Activity in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was carried out during during the summer seasons of the year 2021 and 2022. Twelve treatments comprising of all possible combinations of three irrigation levels for water stress and four paclobutrazole (PBZ) levels were tested in a split plot design with three replications. Total antioxidant activity and proline content showed significantly higher with irrigation at 20 days interval. Whereas, minimum was recorded with irrigation at 10 days interval in pooled results. The significantly higher total antioxidant activity and proline content was recorded with application of PBZ @ 300 mg/ L during both the years and in pooled analysis, respectively, whereas a minimum was noted with control (No spray of PBZ).

Total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, ischemic modified albumin, microRNA levels, and their relationship with psoriasis area and severity index

Aims: To examine the differences in the levels of microRNA, ischemic modified albumin (IMA), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of persons with and without psoriasis and, in the case group, the relationship between these parameters and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Methods: Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy participants to examine levels of these parameters. Results: The mean serum TOC level was higher in the case group. The mean serum TAC and IMA levels were significantly lower in the case group (P <0.001). It was observed that the mean serum miR-203 and miR-146a levels were increased in psoriasis patients. It was determined that there was only a significant positive weak correlation between miR-203 and PASI (r = 0.232, P = 0.027). Limitations: The small sample size, not controlling serum albumin and not evaluating the effects of the treatment agents used by the patients on oxidative and inflammatory processes. Conclusion: In the case group changes in the mean serum TOC and TAC levels provide evidence that oxidative stress may play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. The increase in the mean serum miR-203 and miR-146a levels suggest the possibility of therapies targeting these microRNAs as a new option

Función antiinflamatoria y antioxidante del ácido ursólico en la pancreatitis aguda inducida por ceruleína en ratas / Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant role of ursolic acid in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

Resumen Antecedentes: El ácido ursólico se encuentra en numerosas plantas y se ha informado que tiene efectos antiproteasas, antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios, antimicrobianos, nefroprotectores, hepatoprotectores y cardioprotectores. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos del ácido ursólico en la pancreatitis aguda inducida por ceruleína. Material y métodos: Treinta y dos ratas albinas Wistar fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos iguales: grupo simulado, grupo de pancreatitis aguda, grupo de tratamiento y grupo de ácido ursólico. Resultados: Los niveles de amilasa sérica en los grupos de pancreatitis aguda y de tratamiento fueron significativamente más altos que en los otros grupos (p < 0.05). Además, los niveles séricos de IL-1β, IL-6 y TNF-α fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de pancreatitis aguda en comparación con el grupo de tratamiento. Aunque la actividad oxidante total del tejido pancreático en ambos grupos fue similar, la capacidad antioxidante total del tejido pancreático en el grupo de tratamiento fue significativamente mayor. Conclusión: Se observó que el ácido ursólico reduce el daño al páncreas y órganos remotos en la pancreatitis aguda, al igual que el estrés oxidativo.

Abstract Background: Ursolic acid (UA) is found in many plants, and has been reported to have anti-protease, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ursolic acid in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Materials and methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups: Sham, acute pancreatitis, treatment, and ursolic acid group. Results: Serum amylase levels in the AP and treatment groups were significantly higher than in the others (p < 0.05). In addition, serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the AP group in comparison with the treatment group. Although pancreatic tissue total oxidant activity in the AP and treatment groups was similar, pancreatic tissue total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the AP group. Conclusions: Damage to the pancreas and remote organs in AP was observed to be reduced by UA. In addition, oxidative stress was observed to be decreased by the effect of UA.

Research on hypoglycemic activity of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii extract / 药学学报

This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic activity, and in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase, inhibition of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and total antioxidant capacity were used to clarify its bioactivity. Furthermore, the potential hypoglycemic active chemical constituents in the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) method. The result showed that in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase of the extract (IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.26 mg·mL-1) were similar to acarbose (IC50 = 2.88 ± 0.32 mg·mL-1), and it inhibited the AGEs formation and the total antioxidant capacity in a certain extent. Based on the MS fragmentation pathway analysis of reference chemical acteoside contained in this extract, and related references, 73 constituents were tentatively identified from the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower, including 58 phenylethanoids, 8 caffeoylquinic acids, 1 flavonoid vicenin-2, and 6 common organic chemicals in plant. Furthermore, 8 unknown alkaloids were characterized in this work. Among of these chemicals, 61 phenylethanoids were supposed to be detected for the first time. In conclusion, this work disclosed the potential hypoglycemic active constituents of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower.

Honokiol attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting hepatic CYP1A2 activity and improving liver mitochondrial dysfunction / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a common cause of liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of honokiol (Hon) against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 mice were administrated with Hon (10 and 30 mg/kg) after APAP (300 mg/kg) treatment. On 1.5 h and 5 h after Hon treatment, mice were sacrificed. Serum and liver were collected. And then, liver injury-related indexes, APAP metabolism-related indexes, mitochondrial respiratory chain function-related indexes, and mitochondrial membrane function-related protein expression were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#It was found that Hon significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion, increased hepatic catalase (CAT) and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, reduced hepatic MDA and 3-nitrotyrosine contents, inhibited hepatic CYP1A2 activity and APAP protein adducts (APAP-CYS) formation. Meanwhile, oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV in mitochondrial respiratory chain was increased, whereas the release of H2O2 in the mitochondria was decreased following Hon treatment. Furthermore, Hon markedly down-regulated p-JNK in both cytosol and mitochondria, and obviously inhibited the release of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) from mitochondria to cytosol.@*CONCLUSION@#Hon alleviated APAP-induced liver injury through the following pathways: Reducing the production of APAP-CYS by inhibiting CYP1A2 activity; Ameliorating hepatic oxidative stress by increasing the levels of hepatic CAT, GSH-Px and GSH; Improving mitochondrial respiratory chain function by promoting oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV; Improving the function of mitochondrial membrane by inhibiting p-JNK and its translocation to mitochondria, thereby reducing the release of AIF and EndoG.

Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. (EEP) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages.@*METHODS@#RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0-200 µg/mL EEP or vehicle for 2 h prior to exposure to 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) production were determined by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor Kappa B alpha (Iκ B-α) and p38. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the nuclear expression of nuclear factor-κ B p65 (NF-κ B p65). Additionally, the anti-oxidant potential of EEP was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), superoxide anion (O2-) radical and nitrite scavenging activity were also measured.@*RESULTS@#The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of EEP were 23.50±2.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 43.78±3.81 mg rutin equivalent/100 g. With EEP treatment (100 and 150 µg/mL), there was a notable decrease in NO and PGE2 production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells by downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, with EEP treatment (150 µg/mL), there was a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as in the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, P<0.01 or P<0.05), by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κ B p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, EEP (100 and 150 µg/mL) led to an increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes activity of SOD and CAT, with a concomitant decrease in ROS production (P<0.01 or P<0.05). EEP also indicated the DPPH, OH, O2- radical and nitrite scavenging activity.@*CONCLUSION@#EEP inhibited inflammatory responses in activated macrophages through blocking MAPK/NF-κ B pathway and protected against oxidative stress.

Functional biomaterials for comprehensive periodontitis therapy

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection directly, and the dysregulation of host immune-inflammatory response finally destroys periodontal tissues. Current treatment strategies for periodontitis mainly involve mechanical scaling/root planing (SRP), surgical procedures, and systemic or localized delivery of antimicrobial agents. However, SRP or surgical treatment alone has unsatisfactory long-term effects and is easy to relapse. In addition, the existing drugs for local periodontal therapy do not stay in the periodontal pocket long enough and have difficulties in maintaining a steady, effective concentration to obtain a therapeutic effect, and continuous administration always causes drug resistance. Many recent studies have shown that adding bio-functional materials and drug delivery systems upregulates the therapeutic effectiveness of periodontitis. This review focuses on the role of biomaterials in periodontitis treatment and presents an overview of antibacterial therapy, host modulatory therapy, periodontal regeneration, and multifunctional regulation of periodontitis therapy. Biomaterials provide advanced approaches for periodontal therapy, and it is foreseeable that further understanding and applications of biomaterials will promote the development of periodontal therapy.

Ação da luz visível na oxidação da melanina e no descolorimento do cabelo / Action of the visible on the melanin oxidation and hair discoloration

O dano capilar causado pelo descolorimento oxidativo é muito intenso, sendo que dois fatores são responsáveis por essa ação: primeiro, a ação direta e danosa do oxidante em diversas estruturas capilares e segundo, o dano oxidativo primário facilita o dano causado por outros agentes físicos (luz, temperatura) e químicos (tensoativos), que comumente tem ação nos cabelos. Desenvolver conceitos e tecnologias que possam tornar o oxidante específico para a melanina e por conseguinte efetuando o descolorimento sem causar danos ao fio é extremamente desejável. Neste trabalho buscaremos entender de que forma a luz visível pode aumentar a ação do oxidante sem danificar o fio colateralmente. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é demonstrar que é possível utilizar a luz visível, que é absorvida pela melanina, para tornar esse pigmento mais suscetível ao agente oxidante e desta forma, permitir que o descolorimento seja realizado com concentrações pequenas de oxidante. Também almejamos desenvolver métodos de análises por microscopia ótica de fluorescência e de reflexão para mensurar o dano nas estruturas dos fios processados com oxidante e na presença ou ausência da luz

The capillary damage caused by oxidative discoloration is very intense, and two factors are responsible for this action: first, the direct and harmful action of the oxidant on several capillary structures and second, the primary oxidative damage facilitates the damage caused by other physical agents (light, temperature) and chemicals (surfactants), which commonly have action on the hair. Developing concepts and technologies that can make the oxidant specific to melanin and therefore discoloring without causing damage to the hair is extremely desirable. In this work we will try to understand how visible light can increase the oxidant's action without damaging the wire collaterally. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that it is possible to use visible light, which is absorbed by melanin, to make this pigment more susceptible to the oxidizing agent and, thus, to allow the discoloration to be carried out with small concentrations of oxidizer. We also aim to develop methods of analysis by optical fluorescence and reflection microscopy to measure the damage to the structures of the threads processed with oxidizer and in the presence or absence of light

Does Antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase levels Decline with Advanced primary Knee Osteoarthritis in Synovial Fluid ? A Pilot Study

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, degenera?ve disease that leads to joint pain, tenderness, s?ffness, locking, effusion, reduced mo?on, swelling, crepitus, and disability. The pain in OA is the most significant clinical feature and impacts func?on, mobility, quality of life, and the reason for medical advice. Methods: Fi?y individuals with primary knee OA in the age range of 45–90 years were chosen at random for the research (N=50). The American College of Rheumatology’s diagnos?c criteria were employed to diagnose osteoarthri?s, and a visual analogue scale was u?lized to score the severity of pain. Knee OA was graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) radiographic assessment method. The an?oxidant levels of superoxide dismutase in the synovial fluid were measured by using a spectrophotometric assay. Results: Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 have SOD ac?vity values of 1.43±0.55, 1.44±0.72, 0.92±0.52, and 0.87 ±0.52 U/ml, respec?vely, in synovial fluid. Synovial fluid SOD ac?vity was higher in grades 1 & 2 of KOA as compared to grades 3 &4 and the difference was sta?s?cally significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a link between K-L grade and synovial an?oxidant ac?vity level. In the late stages of knee osteoarthri?s, the an?oxidant enzyme (SOD) ac?vity was reduced.According to the results of this study, regular an?oxidant supplementa?on to early osteoarthri?s pa?ents may delay disease progression by improving the an?oxidant status of the knee, which neutralises free radicals and thus prevents car?lage damage.

The relationship between thiol-disulfide balance and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss / Relação entre equilíbrio tiol-dissulfeto e perda auditiva neurossensorial súbita idiopática

Abstract Introduction: Impaired cochlear perfusion is a major etiological factor in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a risk factor for oxidative damage. Objectives: We investigated the role of oxidative stress in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by comparing serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant molecules including thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin and myeloperoxidase in patients who did and did not recover after treatment. Methods: The amount of dynamic disulfide was calculated by determining half of the difference between the total thiols and native thiols. After the determination of native, total thiol, and disulfide amounts, the disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, native thiol/total thiol ratio and disulfide/native thiol percent ratio were calculated and then compared between the two groups. Additionally, clinical relationship between audiological recovery and native thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, and disulfide/total thiol percent ratio levels was investigated. Blood samples were also analyzed for the assessment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels. Results: A significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to total oxidant status disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, and native thiol/total thiol ratio levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: The results supported the common hypothesis that vascular pathologies are the primary cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and that other etiological factors ultimately result in vascular pathologies. The oxidant-antioxidant and thiol-disulfide balances were impaired in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss group.

Resumo Introdução: A perfusão coclear prejudicada é um fator etiológico importante na perda auditiva neurossensorial súbita idiopática (PANSSI). O estresse oxidativo mostrou ser um fator de risco para danos oxidativos. Objetivos: Investigamos o papel do estresse oxidativo na PANSSI mediante a comparação dos níveis séricos de moléculas oxidantes e antioxidantes, inclusive homeostase de tiol/dissulfeto, paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, arilesterase, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidase em pacientes com e sem recuperação após o tratamento. Método: A quantidade de dissulfeto dinâmico foi calculada mediante a determinação de metade da diferença entre os tiois totais e os tiois nativos. Após a determinação das quantidades de tiol nativo, tiol total e dissulfeto, as razões percentuais de dissulfeto/tiol total, tiol nativo/tioltotal e dissulfeto/tiol nativo foram calculadas e depois comparadas entre os dois grupos. Além disso, a relação clínica entre a recuperação audiológica e os níveis de tiol nativo, tiol nativo/tiol total, dissulfeto, dissulfeto/tiol nativo e dissulfeto/tiol total foi investigada. Amostras de sangue também foram analisadas para avaliar os níveis de paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, arilesterase, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidase. Resultados: Uma diferença significante foi encontrada entre os dois grupos em relação ao estado oxidante total e aos níveis de dissulfeto, dissulfeto/tiol nativo, dissulfeto/tiol total, tiol nativo/tiol total (p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,003, p = 0,001, p = 0,002, respectivamente). Porém, não foi encontrada diferença significante entre os dois grupos em relação aos níveis de paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidade (p> 0,05 para todos). Conclusão: Os resultados apoiaram a hipótese comum de que as doenças vasculares são a principal causa de PANSSI e que, em última análise, outros fatores etiológicos resultam em doenças vasculares. Os equilíbrios de oxidante-antioxidante e tiol-dissulfeto estavam prejudicados no grupo PANSSI.

A Review on Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Aloe barbadensis Miller

Aloe vera, a popular succulent perennial medicinal plant with a wide range of phytochemicals that have shown various pharmacological activities including anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, wound healing promotion and so on. Acemannan, aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, and emodin are widely investigated active constituents that show various pharmacological activities. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight previous pharmacological studied conducted in vivo, in vitro and human assays over the past decades. As current pharmacological research is focused on anticancer and neurological action, it would be interesting and important to study the main compounds present in Aloe vera for therapeutic purposes.

Oxidative stress in maternal milk and cord blood in gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reduced antioxidant defenses may reflect a poor protective response against oxidative stress and this may be implicated in progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia plays a major role in micro and macrovascular complications, which imply endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: Our aim in this study was to investigate the association between GDM and oxidative stress markers measured in plasma, with regard to revealing changes to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) among mothers showing impairments in oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at a university hospital in Turkey. METHODS: The study group consisted of 50 mothers with GDM, and 59 healthy mothers served as controls. Umbilical cord blood samples were taken from all mothers during delivery and breast milk samples on the fifth day after delivery. TAC, TOS, thiol and disulfide levels were measured. RESULTS: No statistically significant relationship between the blood and milk samples could be found. An analysis on correlations between TAC, TOS and certain parameters revealed that there were negative correlations between TOS and total thiol (r = -0.386; P < 0.001) and between TOS and disulfide (r = -0.388; P < 0.001) in milk in the control group. However, these findings were not observed in the study group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that a compensatory mechanism of oxidative stress was expected to be present in gestational diabetes mellitus and that this might be ameliorated through good glycemic regulation and antioxidant supplementation.

EFFECT OF SEASONAL VARIATION ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF AEGLE MARMELOS (L.) AND MURRAYA KOENIGII L.SPRENG

Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii are commonly occurring plants in Maharashtra belonging to family Rutaceae .Members of Rutaceae are rich in vitamin C content. Murraya koenigii locally known as curry patta and Aegle marmelos locally known as bael/ kawath is edible and used in various food preparations. They are known to have anti-infiammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial properties and It was thought necessary to find out if there was any variation in the phytochemical content ie mainly Vit C and antioxidant activity of these two plants especially in the leaves . It was observed that phytochemical content was higher during monsoon season.

Zingerone alleviates cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties

Objectives: Cadmium is an essential industrial metal and acts as an environmental toxicant that is a major cause of kidney diseases. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the possible nephroprotective effects of zingerone (ZGO), a major flavonoid constituent in ginger (Zingiber officinale) dry roots, against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods: In this study, Wistar albino rats [ACUC: HU2020/Z/FMS0120-01] were allocated randomly to 4 groups with seven animals in each group. The control group which received physiological saline; cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treatment group which received CdCl2 at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days; zingerone treatment group which received 25 mg/kg of zingerone orally for 7 consecutive days and CdCl2(6.5 mg/kg; i.p.)+ZGO (25 mg/kg; p.o.) treatment group which received CdCl2 and ZGO for 7 consecutive days. Results: Co-administration of ZGO along with CdCl2 resulted in a significant reduction in creatinine and urea levels of serum. Additionally, ZGO significantly diminished the tissue levels of Cd concentration, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide and significantly recovered the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecules, namely glutathione, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione recycling enzymes peroxidase and reductase, in kidney tissue. Furthermore, ZGO treatment prevented the inflammation produced by CdCl2 by restraining the elevation in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin1beta). Moreover, ZGO improved histopathological alternations in the kidney by preventing apoptosis cascade in kidney tissue by stimulating Bcl-2 and suppressing Bax and caspase-3. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ZGO has nephroprotective activity in cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity mostly via modulating of oxidant/antioxidant balance, inflammatory response, and apoptosis.