Establishment of gas chromatography for content determination of five volatile components in Qingxuan pills / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To estab lish a meth od for the determination of 5 volatile components as menthone ，menthol， pulegone，piperitone and ligustilide in Qingxuan pills. METHODS Seven batches of Qingxuan pills were taken as test samples and determined by gas chromatography. The gas chromatographic column was DB- 5 sillica capillary column ，the carrier gas was nitrogen，the inlet temperature was 200 ℃. The sample size was 1 μL，and the split ratio was 10 ∶ 1. The temperature was programmed（the initial temperature was kept at 100 ℃ for 2 min，and then raised to 220 ℃ at 5 ℃/min for 2 min），and the temperature of the flame ionization detector was 250 ℃. RESULTS The chromatographic peaks of menthone ，menthol，pulegone， piperitone and ligustilide reached the baseline separation ；the linear ranges of the five components were 0.008-0.388，0.010-0.527， 0.006-0.327，0.006-0.312，0.053-2.672 mg/mL（all r＞0.999 0）；the average recoveries were 96.33％（RSD＝1.23％，n＝6）， 96.92％（RSD＝1.38％，n＝6），97.53％（RSD＝1.81％，n＝6），96.80％（RSD＝1.89％，n＝6）and 95.61％（RSD＝0.77％， n＝6）；the contents of the five components were 0.009-0.070，0.040-0.157，0.017-0.150，0.008-0.049 and 0.144-0.932 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The gas chromatography method established in this study is simple and accurate ，which can simultaneously determine the contents of five volatile components in Qingxuan pills .

Chemical constituents of Adenosma glutinosum / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of whole plant of Adenosma glutinosum. Methods: The constituents were isolated by repeated chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparing liquded chromatography. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic anaylsis. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of A. glutinosum. Their chemical structures were identified as betulinic acid (1), betulin (2), 3β-hydroxy-urs-11-en-13β, 28-olide (3), ursolic acid (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), fumaric acid (8), muconic acid (9), 5,6-dihydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxy-flavone (10), and 7-hydroxy-piperitone (11). Conclusion: All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Effects of menthone and piperitone on growth, chlorophyll a and β-carotene production in Dunaliella salina.

Recently, studying essential oils and secondary metabolites of plants and microalgae have received much attention. The biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites is strongly influenced by different environmental factors. Monoterpenes as a main fraction of essential oils of fruits and vegetables have many clinical applications. They could inhibit the carcinogenesis processes and therefore might be effective in treatment of cancers. Dunaliella salina, a photosynthetic green microalga is known as a rich source for β-carotene production. In this study, the effects of some monoterpenes including menthone and piperitone was investigated on yield of production of β-carotene were studied. Menthone and piperitone as parameters of stress can make tensions to the medium of D. salina increasing its β-carotene and chlorophyll a content in every single cell but on the other hand these two monoterpenes cause a decrease in the concentration of β-carotene and chlorophyll a.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Piper lenticellosum C.D.C essential oil collected in Ecuador.

The essential oil of the leaves and spikes of Piper lenticellosum C. DC. (Piperaceae) was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. A yield of 2.06 % was obtained. Twenty eight components were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with Wiley GC-MS library data and the retention indices (RI) calculated for every compound. The major constituents were piperitone (33.97 %), 1,8 cineole (11.92 %), limonene (11.07 %), safrole (8.18 %) and α-pinene (4.49 %). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against five important human pathogenic bacterial strains using the disk diffusion agar method. The results showed at moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (25923), Escherichia coli ATCC (25922) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC (233357) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100, 200 y 300 µL/mL, respectively. According to the literature consulted, this is the first report on chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Piper lenticelosum C. DC. from Ecuador.

Antibacterial activity of the Piper aduncum oil and dillapiole, its main constituent, against multidrug-resistant strains / Actividad antibacteriana del aceite de Piper aduncum y dillapiole, su componente principal, frente a cepas resistentes a múltiples fármacos

The study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal activity of oil essential and dillapiole from P. aduncum against standard and multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. The oil showed antimicrobial action against these strains, but better results were obtained for the standards strains of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, with MIC of 250 and 500 ug/mL, respectively. Dillapiolle was less effective than the oil against the same standard and multi-drug resistant strains (MIC =1000 ug/mL). However, when dillapiolle was tested in combination with myristicin, another component of the oil, it increased its bactericidal activity and showed a synergistic action...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la actividad bactericida de los aceites esenciales y dillapiole de P. aduncum contra cepas estándar y multirresistentes de Staphylococcus spp. El aceite mostró acción antimicrobiana frente a estas cepas, pero se obtuvo mejores resultados para las cepas de S. epidermidis y S. aureus, con MIC de 250 y 500 ug/ml, respectivamente. Dillapiolle fue menos eficaz que el aceite contra cepas estándar y multirresistentes (MIC = 1000 ug/ml). Sin embargo, cuando dillapiolle fue probado en combinación con la miristicina, otro componente del aceite, que aumentó su actividad bactericida y mostró una acción sinérgica...

Identification of volatile compounds of Clinopodium odorum (Lamiaceae):A comparison between HS-SPME and classic hydrodistillation / Identificación de compuestos volátiles de Clinopodium odorum (Lamiaceae): Una comparación entre HS-SPME ehidrodestilación clásica

In the present work an analytical methodology to micro scale based on the use of the HS-SPME/GC-MS to determine volatile compounds present in Clinopodium odorum (Griseb.) Harley (Lamiaceae)was optimized and settled differences and similarities with itsessential oil. A systematic description of the volatile components of flowers, stems, leaves and combined aerial parts (whole plant) was constructed via GC-MS analyses of HS-SPME adsorbed compounds and of essential oils obtained through hydrodistillation of the same tissues. Pulegone was the main component of both the HS-SPME analysis and essential oil analysis. In addition, piperitenone oxide andpiperitone oxide were the other main components in the essential oil whereas in the HS-SPME analysis cis-isopulegone and menthone prevailed. The HS-SPME method can achieve comparable results to those obtained by essential oil analysis, by using very fewer samples, ashorter extraction time and a much simpler procedure.

En el presente trabajo se ha optimizado una metodología analítica a micro-escala basada en HS-SPME/GC-MS para determinar los compuestos volátiles presentes en Clinopodium odorum (Griseb.) Harley (Lamiaceae), y se establecieron diferencias y similitudes con su aceite esencial. Se realizó una descripción sistemática de los componentes volátiles de flores, tallos, hojas y partes aéreas combinadas(planta entera) a partir de los análisis por GC-MS a través del sistema HS-SPME y de los aceites esenciales. Pulegona fue el componenteprincipal tanto del análisis por HS-SPME, como del aceite esencial. Además, el óxido de piperitenona y el óxido de piperitona eran los otroscomponentes principales en el aceite esencial mientras que en el análisis por HS-SPME, prevalecieron cis-isopulegona y mentona. El método de HS-SPME puede lograr resultados comparables a los obtenidos por el análisis de aceite esencial, mediante el uso de muestras de menor tamaño, un tiempo de extracción más corto y un procedimiento más simple.

THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF PIPERITONE IN ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK OF THE GOINEA--PIG / 重庆医科大学学报

Forty-four guinea-pigs were sensitized by intramuscular inoculation with the same amount (0.8ml) of 5% egg albumin in water. 3 weeks after sensitization, the animals were rondomly divided into 1 groups (group J as control; group II given small dose of piperitone 0.08ml/ 100g body weight; group J given large dose of piperitone 0.12ml/100g body weight; group IX given promethazine 2.5mg 100g body weight) and subjected to anaphylactic insult by intra-cardiac injection of 1ml of 5% egg albumin in water under the protection of different dosege of piperitone, a terpene from cymbopogon distans. given intramuscularly. Results of the experiment indicates that piperitone had significant dose-effect relation protective effect against the anaphylactic insult on the guinea-pigs and suggests that piperitone might be used clinically for the treatment of asthma