Construction and reflection of mixed evaluation system of physiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The mixed evaluation system uses the network platform as a carrier to construct a dynamic evaluation model that spans time and space between online and offline, between individuals and teams. Mixed evaluation system of physiology was performed for two years, and the process evaluation and the summative evaluation in the mixed evaluation system showed a good correlation, and the students' learning ability and learning effect showed consistency with the evaluation results. Practice has proved that the mixed evaluation system not only optimizes the traditional evaluation system, but also fully expands the five principles of formative evaluation; however, while reflecting the advantages of the network platform, it also exposes the defects of insufficient supervision of the network platform. Thus, we should further improve the mixed evaluation system of physiology.

Desafios enfrentados por enfermeiros na gestão de leitos hospitalares durante a pandemia por COVID-19 / Desafíos que enfrentan las enfermeras en la gestión de camas de hospitales durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Challenges faced by nurses in hospital bed management during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: relatar desafios enfrentados por enfermeiros na gestão de leitos em uma unidade de internação hospitalar durante a pandemia pela COVID-19. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. As experiências advêm de enfermeiros que atuam em um hospital público de grande porte, localizado no município de Belo Horizonte-MG. As experiências foram coletadas entre março de 2020 a março de 2022 e organizadas em polos temáticos, fundamentados nos pressupostos da análise de qualidade proposta por Donabedian. Resultados: os desafios enfrentados residem na manutenção do distanciamento entre os leitos, compartilhamento de banheiros, adaptações elétricas, criação de leitos de retaguarda, mudança no perfil dos leitos e na comunicação entre profissionais. Conclusão: os resultados convergem com os desafios previamente encontrados na literatura. Entretanto, apresentam de forma minuciosa e estruturada a realidade de uma unidade de internação, a qual tem potencial para auxiliar em situações de crise, sem previsibilidade e arcabouço científico.(AU)

Objective: to report challenges faced by nurses in managing beds in a hospital inpatient unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is a descriptive study, of the experience report type. The experiences come from nurses who work in a large public hospital, located in the city of Belo Horizonte-MG. The experiences were collected between March 2020 and March 2022 and organized into thematic poles, based on the assumptions of the quality analysis proposed by Donabedian. Results: the challenges faced lie in maintaining the distance between beds, sharing bathrooms, electrical adaptations, creating backup beds, changing the profile of beds and communication between professionals. Conclusion: the results converge with the challenges previously found in the literature. However, they present in a detailed and structured way the reality of an inpatient unit, which has the potential to help in crisis situations, without predictability and scientific framework(AU)

Objetivo: relatar los desafíos enfrentados por los enfermeros en la gestión de camas en una unidad de hospitalización durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia. Las experiencias provienen de enfermeros que actúan en un gran hospital público, ubicado en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte-MG. Las experiencias fueron recolectadas entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2022 y organizadas en polos temáticos, a partir de los supuestos del análisis de calidad propuesto por Donabedian. Resultados: los desafíos enfrentados radican en mantener la distancia entre camas, compartir baños, adaptaciones eléctricas, crear camas de respaldo, cambiar el perfil de las camas y la comunicación entre profesionales. Conclusión: los resultados convergen con los desafíos previamente encontrados en la literatura. Sin embargo, presentan de forma detallada y estructurada la realidad de una unidad de hospitalización, que tiene el potencial de ayudar en situaciones de crisis, sin previsibilidad y marco científico.(AU)

Avaliação e processos de subjetivação na atenção básica à saúde: avaliação e subjetivação / La evaluación y los procesos de subjetivación en la atención primaria de salud: evaluación y subjetivación / Evaluation and processes of subjectivation at the primary health care: evaluation and subjectivation

RESUMO Desde a redemocratização no Brasil, o tema da subjetividade tem sido um componente importante na discussão e na formulação das políticas públicas no país. Existe um grande embate na literatura em torno dos méritos e dos prejuízos decorrentes dos processos de avaliação. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar os efeitos das práticas avaliativas nos processos de subjetivação vividos por profissionais das equipes de Saúde da Família na Atenção Básica, em um distrito sanitário do município de Belo Horizonte. Buscamos também compreender os efeitos da avaliação na subjetividade dos profissionais envolvidos. Realizamos 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas com os profissionais e gestores de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Fizemos uma análise temática das entrevistas em três eixos: os ganhos desencadeados pelas práticas de avaliação, os seus aspectos problemáticos e os processos de subjetivação decorrentes das avaliações. Os ganhos que as avaliações permitiram foram: detectar as falhas no trabalho e redirecionar as atividades; melhorar o atendimento à população e modificar o comportamento com os colegas e em relação ao trabalho. As críticas se direcionaram aos indicadores dos instrumentos, aos processos de avaliação, à dificuldade de colocar em prática os resultados obtidos e ao não cumprimento dos acordos por parte dos gestores municipais. Os processos de subjetivação promovidos pelas avaliações foram por um lado a reflexão em relação ao trabalho e aos colegas, produzindo mudanças de atitudes, e por outro os sentimentos de medo, culpa e frustração em relação ao processo de avaliação, seus resultados e consequências.

RESUMEN Hay un embate en la literatura en torno a los méritos y los perjuicios derivados de los procesos de evaluación. Esta pesquisa investiga los efectos de las prácticas evaluativas en los procesos de subjetivación vividos por los profesionales de los Equipos de Salud de la Familia en la Atención Básica, en un distrito sanitario del municipio de Belo Horizonte. También buscamos comprender los efectos de la evaluación sobre la subjetividad de los profesionales involucrados. Realizamos 16 entrevistas semiestructuradas con los profesionales y gestores de dos Unidades Básicas de Salud. Hicimos un análisis temático de las entrevistas en tres ejes: las ganancias desencadenadas por las prácticas de evaluación, sus aspectos problemáticos y los procesos de subjetivación derivados de las evaluaciones. Las ganancias fueron: detectar los fallos en el trabajo y reorientar las actividades; mejorar la atención a la población y modificar el comportamiento con los colegas y con relación al trabajo. Las críticas se dirigieron a los indicadores de los instrumentos, a los procesos de evaluación, a la dificultad de poner en práctica los resultados obtenidos y al incumplimiento de los acuerdos por parte de los gestores municipales. Los procesos de subjetivación promovidos por las evaluaciones fueron, por un lado, la reflexión con relación al trabajo y a los colegas, lo que produjo cambios de actitudes, y, por otro lado, los sentimientos de miedo, culpa y frustración con relación al proceso de evaluación, sus resultados y consecuencias.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effects of evaluation practices in the processes of subjectivation experienced by professionals from Family Health Teams in Primary Health Care, in a health district in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais. We also sought to understand the effects of evaluation on the subjectivity of the professionals involved. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with professionals and managers of two Basic Health Units. A thematic analysis of the interviews was carried out in three axes: the gains triggered by the evaluation practices, their problematic aspects and the subjectivation processes resulting from the assessments. The gains that the evaluations allowed were: detecting work failures and redirecting activities; improve service to the population and change behavior with coworkers and in relation to work. Criticism was directed towards the instruments' indicators, the evaluation processes, the difficulty of putting into practice the results obtained and the non-compliance with the agreements by the municipal managers. The subjectivation processes promoted by the evaluations were, on the one hand, the self-reflection in relation to work and coworkers, producing changes in attitudes, and, on the other, the feelings of fear, guilt and frustration regarding evaluation process, its results and consequences.

Practice and reflection on the curriculum construction of basic medical sciences—Taking the medical microbiology as an example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Medical microbiology is one of the compulsory courses of basic medical sciences, which lays an important theoretical foundation for the follow-up study of infectious diseases, contagions, tumors, and so on. The course of medical microbiology in our college adhered to the concept of student-centered, diversified teaching, scientific evaluation, and continuous improvement. Teaching design was a cross-link of general theories, specific chapters, clinical cases, theory and practice, and the ideological and political education throughout the curriculum. Lectures adopted the mode of offline teaching (such as flipped classroom, case analysis, and comprehensive experimental design), online assistance (such as classroom test, stage test, extracurricular homework, and questionnaire survey), and combined process evaluation. This teaching mode also reflected the deep integration of information technology and classroom teaching. With the development and construction in these years, medical microbiology has completed the renewal of curriculum resources, the construction of online question bank, the construction and design of ideological and political case bank, and process evaluation (10 points of usual score + 10 points of case study + 10 points of experimental performance + 100 points of final examination multiplied by 70%). There was no significant difference in the results of qustionnaire survey in terms of the improvement of independent learning ability, curriculum evaluation system and satisfaction feedback. Students in Batch 2019 were most satisfied with the teaching of keeping pace with the times and the guidance of positive outlook on life and values.

Innovation and Practice of Biochemistry Course Teaching under the Background of "Golden Course" / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

There are a series of deficiencies in traditional courses teaching, such as outdated teaching ideas and objectives, insufficient teaching ability and resources, low degree of information technology integration, limited space and time in classroom and knowledge in textbooks, and ignoring the cultivation of students' ideological and political literacy and comprehensive ability. Our biochemistry teaching team promoted an all-round curriculum reform from the aspects of the teaching concept and goal, charm and ability, platform and resource, knowledge system, teaching time and space, teaching mode, ideological and political education, and achievement evaluation system. By establishing " all-around cultivation, student-centered, outcome-based, open & sharing" teaching ideas, improving team charm and ability, enriching high quality of curriculum platform and resources, building a new ideological and political cultivation model of "teaching + research h+ practice", a new "3+X" compound knowledge system, a new teaching model integrated ideological and political cultivation, a multi-dimensional processing evaluation system, the course of biochemistry highlights the typical characteristics of "first-class course", which are high-level, innovation and challenge. Our course has been recognized as a national first-class course and provincial model course of ideological and political cultivation. As a result, students' ideological and political literacy, course performance and comprehensive ability improved significantly. The reform and innovation of curriculum teaching have realized the organic synergy of value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability training.

Processo de trabalho em serviço de saúde mental na pandemia de Covid-19: estudo qualitativo / Work process in a mental health service during the Covid-19 pandemic: a qualitative study / Proceso de trabajo en los servicios de salud mental durante la pandemia de Covid-19: estudio cualitativo

OBJETIVO:O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o processo de trabalho de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial em Minas Gerais durante a pandemia de Covid-19. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo de caso, interpretativo, de natureza qualitativa. RESULTADOS: A análise das entrevistas resultou em quatro categorias temáticas: impactos no processo de trabalho gerados pela pandemia de Covid-19; adaptações no processo de trabalho durante a pandemia; dificuldades enfrentadas durante a pandemia; e preparação para o retorno das atividades presenciais. CONCLUSÃO: A pandemia de Covid-19 impulsionou diversas mudanças no cenário dos serviços de saúde, que precisaram se adaptar, de forma rápida e efetiva, para garantir a continuidade dos tratamentos.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to understand the work process of a Psychosocial Care Center in Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: This is an interpretive case study of a qualitative nature. RESULTS: The analysis of the interviews resulted in four thematic categories: impacts on the work process generated by the COVID-19 pandemic; adaptations in the work process during the pandemic; difficulties faced during the pandemic; and preparation for the resumption of in-person activities. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted several changes in the scenario of the health services, which needed to adapt, quickly and effectively to ensure continuity of the treatments.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es comprender el proceso de trabajo de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en Minas Gerais durante la pandemia de Covid-19. MÉTODO: Estudio de caso interpretativo, de carácter cualitativo. RESULTADOS: El análisis de las entrevistas dio como resultado cuatro categorías temáticas: impactos en el proceso de trabajo generados por la pandemia de Covid-19; adaptaciones en el proceso de trabajo durante la pandemia; dificultades enfrentadas durante la pandemia; y preparación para el regreso a las actividades presenciales. CONCLUSIÓN: La pandemia de Covid-19 generó varios cambios en el escenario de los servicios de salud, que debieron adaptarse de manera rápida y efectiva para asegurar la continuidad de los tratamientos.

Experiencia de aplicación de modelos de seguimiento de cumplimiento del perfil de egreso en el plan de estudios en las carreras de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Finis Terrae / Experience of applying models for monitoring compliance with the graduation profile in the study plan in the careers of the Faculty of Medicine of the Finis Terrae University

El Perfil de egreso constituye un modelo teórico y la imagen del profesional que la institución de educación superior aspira formar. Es un conjunto de atributos que son certificados y le permiten a una persona ser reconocida y aceptada por la sociedad como profesional. La emergencia de estándares de calidad, utilizados por las agencias de acreditación de carreras universitarias, hoy exigen la necesidad de evaluar y rendir cuentas acerca del logro de las competencias establecidas y declaradas en el perfil de egreso, sin embargo, hay escasa evidencia concreta que demuestre modelos operativos de cómo abordar ese proceso de evaluación en distintos programas. Dada la relevancia del Perfil de Egreso de una carrera de pregrado y considerando que constituye el eje fundamental para el desarrollo curricular de los programas educativos, para realizar el proceso de autoevaluación y la posterior acreditación de las carreras, diseñamos e implementamos un modelo de seguimiento del cumplimiento del perfil de egreso en el plan de estudios de las carreras de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Finis Terrae.

The Graduate Profile constitutes the theoretical model and the professional image that higher education aspires to form. It is a set of certified attributes and allows a person to be recognized and accepted by society as a professional. The emergence of quality standards, used by university careers' accreditation agencies, demands the need to evaluate and be accountable for achieving the competencies established and declared in the Graduate Profile. However, the is limited concrete evidence to demonstrate operational models of how to approach this evaluation process in different programs. Given the relevance of the Graduate Profile of an undergraduate career and considering that it constitutes the fundamental axis for the curricular development of educational programs, to carry out the self-evaluation process and the subsequent accreditation of the degrees, we design and implement a model for monitoring the compliance with the graduation profile in the study plan of the Faculty of Medicine of Universidad Finis Terrae.

Primary exploration of integrating the humanistic quality education into histology and embryology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to enable the teachers of professional basic courses to play a role adequately in teaching and educating students, the elements of humanistic quality education are excavated from Histology and Embryology chapters and integrated with professional basic knowledges. The effects of teaching are tested through students' writing experience, teachers' interview and national peer review. The results show that students have received the education of gratitude, dedication and responsibility, meanwhile their enthusiasm for learning has been significantly improved. Teachers believe that teaching and learning has achieved self-education at the same time. The national colleagues agree that it's feasible to integrate humanistic quality education into the teaching process of professional basic courses, and the better teaching effect is also be achieved.

Indicadores operacionais do controle da tuberculose no município de belém-pará / Indicadores operativos del control de la tuberculosis en el municipio de belém-pará / Operational indicators of tuberculosis control in the municipality of belém-pará

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os indicadores operacionais do controle da tuberculose no município de Belém no período 2013-2017. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, cujos dados foram oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do município de Belém, obtidos junto à Secretaria Municipal de Saúde em junho de 2019 e dizem respeito aos indicadores operacionais do Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose. A análise se deu por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: identificou-se fragilidades no controle da doença no município de Belém. Todos os indicadores, sejam os referentes ao diagnóstico precoce, tratamento e desfecho, mostraram baixa capacidade para o controle da doença no município. Conclusão: o não cumprimento das metas previstas implica na manutenção da doença na comunidade e favorecimento de casos de resistência às drogas, aumentando custos e sofrimento humano. Os resultados possibilitam reflexão acerca da necessidade do monitoramento das ações de controle.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: describir los indicadores operativos del control de la tuberculosis en el municipio de Belém durante el período 2013-2017. Método: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo, cuyos datos fueron extraídos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria del municipio de Belém, obtenidos con la intervención de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud en junio de 2019, relacionados con los indicadores operativos del Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis. El análisis se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se identificaron debilidades en el control de la enfermedad en el municipio de Belém. Todos los indicadores, ya sea referidos al diagnóstico precoz, tratamiento o resultado, presentaron escasa capacidad para controlar la enfermedad en el municipio. Conclusión: la falta de cumplimiento de las metas previstas implica la permanencia de la enfermedad en la comunidad, el favorecimiento de los casos de resistencia a los fármacos, con el consiguiente aumento de costos y sufrimiento humano. Los resultados permiten reflexionar acerca de la necesidad de monitorear las acciones de control.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the operational indicators of tuberculosis control in the municipality of Belém in the 2013-2017 period. Method: a quantitative and descriptive study, whose data came from the Notifiable Diseases Information System in the municipality of Belém, obtained together with the Municipal Health Secretariat in June 2019 and relating to the operational indicators of the National Program for Tuberculosis Control. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: weaknesses in the control of the disease were identified in the municipality of Belém. All the indicators, whether referring to early diagnosis, treatment or outcome, showed low capacity for disease control in the municipality. Conclusion: failure to meet the targets set implies maintaining the disease in the community and favoring cases of drug resistance, increasing costs, and human suffering. The results make it possible to reflect on the need to monitor the control actions.

Implementação do programa de promoção do estilo de vida ativo em estudantes: o fortaleça sua saúde / Implementing the active lifestyle program for students: the fortaleça sua saúde

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar a implementação de um programa de intervenção para promoção do estilo de vida ativo e saudável em estudantes. Estudo avaliativo, realizado durante a intervenção, que incluiu como amostra a comunidade escolar envolvida nas atividades (estudantes, professores, coordenadores e pais), por meio de entrevista ou por observação externa. A matriz avaliativa foi construída e validada contendo 32 medidas em oito indicadores: capacitação dos professores, modificação nas aulas de Educação Física, modificação nas aulas regulares, distribuição de panfletos, distribuição de material, ginástica na escola, visibilidade do programa e conhecimento e distribuição de material. A análise descritiva (quantitativas) ou de conteúdo (qualitativas) foi utilizada. Temas de saúde em sala de aula foram abordados por 94% dos professores durante a intervenção. Metade dos alunos reportou terem participado de, pelo menos, uma aula de ginástica e utilizado os jogos durante a intervenção, mas dificuldades para armazenar material e falta de organização e de espaço foram relatadas. O conhecimento sobre o programa foi frequente entre professores, gestores e estudantes, mas não entre os pais. Em conclusão, a maioria das ações do programa tiveram uma implementação conforme planejada, contudo, dificuldades foram reportadas e devem ser consideradas em futuras propostas de um ambiente escolar que almeje promover atividade física e saúde.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of an intervention program to promote active and healthy lifestyle in students. This was a evaluation study performed during the intervention, which included the school community (students, teachers, coordinators and parents), through interview or external observation. The evaluation matrix was constructed and validated with 32 measures in eight indicators: teacher training, modification in Physical Education classes, modification in regular classes, distribution of pamphlets, distribution of material, gymnastics in the school, visibility of the program and knowledge and distribution of material. Descriptive (quantitative) or content (qualitative) analysis was used. Health issues in the classroom were addressed by 94% of teachers during the intervention. Half of the students reported that they participated in at least one gym class and used the games during the intervention, but difficulties in storage of sports equipments and organization of places were reported. Knowledge about the program was frequent among teachers, managers and students, but not between parents. In conclusion, most of the program actions had an implementation as planned, however, difficulties were reported and should be considered in future proposals of a school environment that aims to promote physical activity and health.

Notes for the study on health systems: multifaceted analysis and tracer indicators / Apontamentos para estudo de sistemas de saúde: análise multifacetada e agravos traçadores

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present the methodological approach used in a research that analyzed the use and performance of specialized health care, from primary care access, in four major Brazilian cities: Fortaleza (CE), Campinas (SP), São Paulo (SP) and Porto Alegre (RS). METHODS Presentation and discussion of the quantitative-qualitative components of the proposed research strategy. RESULTS Four tracing conditions were studied: systemic arterial hypertension, high-risk pregnancy, breast cancer and severe mental disorder. For each health condition, indicators were constructed based on health information systems data, pointing out frequencies, temporal trends and local differences. This initial contextualization was enriched with a descriptive-qualitative study of the performance of each municipal health service network. Next, a cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey of 7,053 users of specialized services for each health condition. Finally, in-depth interviews were conducted with key actors to complement selected operational aspects of each municipality's network. The results of all these data sources were triangulated, allowing us to explore the variability of SUS implementations in different regional scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The multifaceted analytical model presented allows us to understand relevant aspects of the Unified Health System performance, paying attention to the singularities, heterogeneities and inequalities that characterize its implementation in Brazil and emphasizing the performance of local networks for the addressed health conditions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar a abordagem metodológica utilizada em pesquisa que analisou a utilização e o funcionamento da atenção especializada, partindo do acesso via atenção básica, em quatro grandes cidades brasileiras: Fortaleza (CE), Campinas (SP), São Paulo (SP) e Porto Alegre (RS). MÉTODOS Apresentação e discussão dos componentes quanti-qualitativos da estratégia de pesquisa proposta. RESULTADOS Foram estudadas quatro condições traçadoras: hipertensão arterial grave, gravidez de alto risco, câncer de mama e transtorno mental grave. Para cada agravo foram construídos indicadores a partir de dados dos sistemas de informação de saúde destacando frequências, tendência temporal e diferenças por localidade. Essa contextualização inicial foi enriquecida com um estudo descritivo-qualitativo do funcionamento de cada rede municipal de serviços. A seguir, realizou-se um estudo transversal por meio de inquérito com 7.053 usuários dos serviços especializados para cada agravo. Por fim, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com atores-chave para complementar aspectos operacionais selecionados da rede de cada município. Os resultados de todas essas fontes de dados foram triangulados, permitindo explorar a variabilidade das implantações do SUS em diferentes cenários regionais. CONCLUSÕES O modelo analítico multifacetado apresentado permite compreender aspectos relevantes do funcionamento do Sistema Único de Saúde, atentando para as singularidades, heterogeneidades e desigualdades que caracterizam sua implantação no Brasil e destacando o funcionamento das redes locais para os agravos estudados.

Process evaluation of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district of Gujarat

Background: Mission Indradhanush has been launched in December 2014 as a special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children. This study was conducted with an aim to evaluate process of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study carried out at places such as urban slums with migration, nomadic sites, brick kilns, construction sites, underserved and hard to reach areas from July 2015 to July 2017. Cluster sampling method has been used, adapted from WHO 30-cluster sampling. Thirty (30) clusters were selected using probability proportional to the population size (PPS). Each PHC/UHC was taken as one cluster.Results: All the planned session being held as per micro plan (100%). Due lists of beneficiaries were present at all sites but not updated at 6 (10%) session sites. Mobilizers were present at 58 (96.67%) session sites. ANMs were giving all 4 key messages at 86.67% of session sites. 115 (95.8%) caregivers told source of information was home visits of ASHA/AWW. 66(55.00%) mothers were aware about when to come for next visit and 70 (58.33%) aware about which vaccines were given on MI session day.Conclusions: All the session sites had micro plan and due list, which is major achievement and positive sign of successful implementation of mission Indradhanush. Availability of vaccines and other logistics were also up to the mark. Over all implementation process was satisfactory and according to operational guidelines of MI.

Process Evaluation of a Mobile Weight Loss Intervention for Truck Drivers

BACKGROUND: In a cluster-randomized trial, the Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention produced statistically significant and medically meaningful weight loss at 6 months (−3.31 kg between-group difference). The current manuscript evaluates the relative impact of intervention components on study outcomes among participants in the intervention condition who reported for a postintervention health assessment (n = 134) to encourage the adoption of effective tactics and inform future replications, tailoring, and enhancements. METHODS: The Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention was implemented in a Web-based computer and smartphone-accessible format and included a group weight loss competition and body weight and behavioral self-monitoring with feedback, computer-based training, and motivational interviewing. Indices were calculated to reflect engagement patterns for these components, and generalized linear models quantified predictive relationships between participation in intervention components and outcomes. RESULTS: Participants who completed the full program-defined dose of the intervention had significantly greater weight loss than those who did not. Behavioral self-monitoring, computer-based training, and health coaching were significant predictors of dietary changes, whereas behavioral and body weight self-monitoring was the only significant predictor of changes in physical activity. Behavioral and body weight self-monitoring was the strongest predictor of weight loss. CONCLUSION: Web-based self-monitoring of body weight and health behaviors was a particularly impactful tactic in our mobile health intervention. Findings advance the science of behavior change in mobile health intervention delivery and inform the development of health programs for dispersed populations.

Application of process evaluation based on Sojump in the clinical practice of eight-year program / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The article analyzed the problems in the clinical practice evaluation of eight-year program and illuminate the characteristics of the process evaluation based on Sojump , and pointed out that the implementation of the process evaluation into the clinical practice evaluation is the inevitable trend in the development of clinical teaching. Combining with the case study of eight-year program in West China Medical School, the article described the implementation of process evaluation in detail. On the basis of the Sojump as the platform for evaluation, the evaluation questionnaire according to the practice rotary table has con-ducted, and the"evaluation-feedback-evaluation-feedback"model had been set up. The application of pro-cess evaluation has promoted the effect of the clinical teaching. However, in the following practice, it is necessary to solve the problems as the evaluation of each teacher can't be specific and students' awareness and cognition of teaching evaluation can't be guaranteed, etc.

Propuesta de indicadores para la evaluación del proceso de extensión universitaria / Proposal of indicators for the evaluation of the university extension process

RESUMEN Fundamento: El perfeccionamiento de la extensión universitaria, como proceso sustantivo de la educación superior cubana, carece de mecanismos que evalúen su desarrollo como proceso. Objetivo: Proponer indicadores que faciliten la evaluación del proceso de extensión universitaria a partir de la gestión de comunicación educativa. Metodología: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, los que, combinados desde un enfoque dialéctico materialista permitieron la recogida y el procesamiento de la información en una muestra seleccionada de estudiantes y profesores de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad José Martí, así como miembros de otras instituciones y vecinos de la comunidad cercana a la universidad. Resultados: Se aportaron indicadores que facilitan la evaluación de la extensión universitaria como proceso. Conclusiones: La propuesta constituye una útil herramienta, enfocada en alcanzar la complementariedad de las acciones y la articulación de cada uno de los elementos que componen el proceso extensionista.

ABSTRACT Background: The improvement of university extension, as a substantive process of Cuban higher education lacks mechanisms to evaluate its development as a process. Objective: To propose indicators those facilitate the evaluation of the university extension process from the management of educational communication. Methodology: Theoretical and empirical methods were used which combined from a dialectical materialist approach allowed the collection and processing of information in a selected sample of students and professors from the Faculty of Humanities at José Martí Pérez University of Sancti Spíritus (UNISS), as well as members of some other institutions and neighbors from the community near the university. Results: The Indicators that facilitate the evaluation of the university extension as a process were provided. Conclusions: This proposal constitutes a useful tool, focused on achieving the complementarity of actions and the articulation of each of the elements that compose the extension process.

Processos de trabalho dos profissionais dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial: revisão integrativa / Working processes of professionals at Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS): an integrative review

Resumo Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca dos processos de trabalho dos profissionais dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), refletindo sobre as práticas dos serviços, destacando a reinserção social dos usuários, através do cumprimento da perspectiva biopsicossocial. A bibliografia levantada objetiva demonstrar como os processos de trabalho estão sendo desenvolvidos pelos profissionais dos CAPS, e suas repercussões para o usuário desse serviço. A revisão da literatura foi feita nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e PubMed, em Português, Inglês e Espanhol, com o produto de 57 artigos que foram analisados e organizados em planilha Excel. Este estudo mostrou deficiências na quantidade e qualidade dos recursos físicos, humanos e materiais, fragilidade da rede em saúde mental, além de identificar dissonâncias no atendimento aos usuários e seus familiares, o que leva à redução da qualidade nos processos de trabalho. Os desfechos mais pautados foram acolhimento, projeto terapêutico singular e a territorialização como dissonância na proposta de desinstitucionalização. Este trabalho reúne experiência e conhecimentos profissionais espalhados por todo o país, com notas que orientam o redirecionamento das práticas assistenciais.

Abstract This is an integrative review of the literature on the working processes of professionals staffing the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), reflecting on service practices, in particular social reinsertion of service users from the bio-psychosocial perspective. The literature review aims to show how working processes are being developed by CAPS professionals, and the repercussions for service users. This literature review used the Lilacs, SciELO and PubMed databases in Portuguese, English and Spanish, selecting 57 articles that were analyzed and organized using an Excel spreadsheet. This study revealed shortcomings in the amount and quality of physical, human and material resources, a fragile mental health network, and dissonances in the care provided to users and their families, reducing the quality of the working processes. The outcomes mentioned most often were intake, unique therapeutic project and territory as dissonant components of the de-institutionalization proposal. This work combines the experience and knowledge of professionals across the country, with score to guide the re-direction of care practices.

Pilot technological process evaluation of Compound Banlangen Liyan Granules / 中草药

Objective: To evaluate the pilot technological process of Compound Banlangen Liyan Granules (CBLG). Methods: According to the indexes of six effective ingredients loss amount, accumulated loss rate, and HPLC characteristic spectrum similarity, the process quality of four key processes was evaluated and compared, such as microfiltration of ceramic membrane, vacuum concentration of extract, vacuum drying of concrete, and atmospheric drying of granules. Results: It was found that the total loss rates of glycyrrhizic acid, harpagoside, (R,S)-epigoitrin, liquiritin in two batches were 50.06%—66.99%, and angoroside C, adenosine were 35.49%—41.90%. The total content of the six effective ingredients of each material within the same batch of the two pilot batches from high to low were as follows: extract solution before membrane filtration > extract solution after membrane filtration > concentrate extract solution > dried concrete powder > granules of finished product. The comparison among four key processes loss rates was as follows: vacuum drying of concrete > ceramic membrane microfiltration > vacuum concentration of extract, atmospheric drying of granules. Loss amount of concrete vacuum drying process of the two pilot batches were 0.545 9 and 0.737 5 mg/g, and the process was the major loss process. The total loss rates of the two pilot batches were 48.15%, 50.85%, respectively. The HPLC characteristic spectrum similarity of each material within the same batch of the two pilot batches decreased from 0.998 to 0.818 with increasing process. The HPLC characteristic between the two batches of finished products was good (the similarity was 0.999). Conclusion: The consistency of the finished product quality between two batches was good. The study provided a basis for pilot production process control of CBLG. In the modernization and standardization study of traditional Chinese medicine preparation process, mild process of low temperature and short time heating should be applied as far as possible. It can reduce the effective components loss of original extract (decoction of herbal medicine) in the preparation process and maintain the quality and efficacy consistency of traditional Chinese medicine preparation and original extract (decoction of herbal medicine).

Evaluation of the Implementation of a Preventive Program for Children in Brazilian Schools / Avaliação da implementação em escolas brasileiras de um programa preventivo para crianças / Evaluación de la Implementación en Escuelas Brasileñas de Programa Preventivo para Niños

Abstract The article discusses the pilot implementation of the evidence-based preventive program Good Behavior Game (GBG) in public schools in four Brazilian cities. GBG is a method for classroom behavior management by teachers, which aims at developing sociability among elementary school students between 6 and 10 years old. The objective of this study was to evaluate the program implementation process, focusing on the acceptability and perceived results by the professionals involved. Mixed methods were used, and data analysis was conducted using triangulation, including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 28 teachers, 9 school administrators, and 6 coaches. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis, according to the nature of data. GBG had a high acceptance among teachers and school administrators. Professionals highlighted the importance of stimulating teamwork, the systematic use of rewards, and the objectivity of classroom rules. Acceptability was attributed, in large part, to the effectiveness of the strategy for classroom management. Nevertheless, this study highlighted the need of adaptations to better reflect the Brazilian societal and economic context....(AU)

Resumo O artigo discute a implementação piloto do programa preventivo baseado em evidência Good Behavior Game (GBG) em escolas públicas de quatro cidades brasileiras. O GBG é considerado um método para o professor de manejo de comportamentos em sala de aula, visando a construção de sociabilidade entre os estudantes, direcionado para turmas do ensino fundamental, com crianças entre seis e 10 anos. O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação do processo de implementação com foco na aceitabilidade e percepção de resultados pelos profissionais envolvidos. Foram utilizados métodos mistos na investigação e triangulação de dados na análise, com base na aplicação de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 28 professores, nove diretores e seis multiplicadoras do programa. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial ou análise de conteúdo, conforme a natureza do dado. O GBG obteve uma alta aceitação entre professores e diretores. Destacou-se a importância do estímulo ao trabalho em grupo, o uso de elogios como reforçadores, a objetividade das regras assumidas coletivamente. A aceitabilidade foi atribuída, em boa parte, à eficácia de sua estratégia de manejo de sala de aula. Houve indicações da necessidade de adaptações que reflitam o contexto social e econômico brasileiro....(AU)

Resumen El artículo discute la aplicación piloto del programa preventivo basado en evidencia Good Behavior Game (GBG) en escuelas públicas en cuatro ciudades brasileñas. El GBG es considerado un método para maestros direccionados para la gestión de los comportamientos en el aula con miras a la construcción de la sociabilidad entre los estudiantes, dirigido a las clases de la escuela primaria, con niños entre 6 y 10 años. El objetivo del estudio ha sido la evaluación del proceso de implementación con enfoque en la aceptabilidad y los resultados percibidos por los profesionales. Se utilizaron métodos mixtos y el análisis de datos se realizó mediante la triangulación, con base en la aplicación de cuestionarios y entrevistas semi-estructuradas con los 28 maestros, 9 administradores escolares y 6 entrenadores. El análisis de datos se realizó a través de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y análisis de contenido, de acuerdo con la naturaleza de los datos. GBG tuvo una gran aceptación entre los maestros y administradores escolares. Los profesionales destacaron la importancia de estimular el trabajo en equipo, el uso de alabanza como reforzador, y la objetividad de las normas colectivas. Sin embargo, puso de relieve la necesidad de adaptaciones para reflejar mejor el contexto social y económico de Brasil....(AU)

Avaliação do acompanhamento e desfecho de casos de tuberculose em município do sul do Brasil / Seguimiento y evaluación de los resultados de los casos de tuberculosis en el municipio del sur de Brasil / Monitoring and assessment of outcome in cases of tuberculosis in a municipality of Southern Brazil

RESUMO Objetivos avaliar o acompanhamento e desfecho do tratamento de casos de tuberculose pulmonar no programa de controle da tuberculose de um município prioritário do Sul do Brasil. Métodos estudo quantitativo, descritivo, documental, utilizando prontuários das pessoas com tuberculose em tratamento entre 2009-2013, a coleta ocorreu entre junho e julho de 2014 no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Resultados a média de consultas, entre os 629 pacientes, foi de 7,2 por paciente, com intervalo médio de 1,03 meses entre as consultas. A média de baciloscopias foi de 2,7 exames por paciente, durante o período estudado. O desfecho do tratamento foi 87,8% de cura, 8,3% de abandono e 6,5% de óbitos. Conclusões apesar do alcance da taxa de cura, o abandono ainda é elevado, sendo necessário explorar estratégias para melhor a adesão ao tratamento, e o comprometimento da gestão municipal em articular o acompanhamento na atenção primária à saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo evaluar el seguimiento y tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar en el programa de control de la tuberculosis en una ciudad prioridad en el sur de Brasil. Método estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, documental, usando los registros de personas con tuberculosis tratados entre 2009-2013, los datos fueron recogidos entre junio y julio de 2014 en el programa de control de la tuberculosis. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados entre los 629 pacientes el número medio de visitas fue de 7,2 por paciente, con un intervalo medio de 1,03 meses entre las visitas, y la media fue de 2,7 microscopías por paciente, no periodo del estudio. El resultado del tratamiento fue del 87,8% de curación, el 8,3% de deserción y 6,5% de muertes. Conclusión a pesar de la tasa de curación, el abandono es aún elevado, siendo necesario explorar estrategias para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento, así como el compromiso de la gestión municipal en el seguimiento conjunto de los pacientes con tuberculosis por la atención primaria.

ABSTRACT Objectives To monitor and assess the outcome of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the tuberculosis control program in a prioritized municipality in Southern Brazil. Methods a quantitative study, descriptive, documentary, using records of people with tuberculosis in treatment between 2009-2013, the collection took place between June and July 2014 in the Tuberculosis Control Program. Descriptive statistics was used. Results The average number of consultations among the 629 patients was 7.2 per patient, with a mean interval of 1.03 months between visits. The average of smears was 2.7 tests per patient during the study period. The outcome of treatment was a cure rate of 87.8%, an abandonment rate of 8.3% and 6.5% of deaths. Conclusions despite the cure rate, abandonment is still high, thus, it is necessary to explore strategies for better adherence to treatment, and the commitment of the municipal administration in articulating monitoring in primary health care.

Tutoría académica personalizada para estudiantes universitarios deportistas de alto nivel / Tutoria acadêmica personalizada para estudantes universitários esportistas de alto nível / Personalized tutoring for college students who are high-level athletes

En este artículo se define un modelo de tutoría académica personalizada para estudiantes universitarios que compaginan sus estudios con la práctica deportiva de alto nivel. Los 19 profesores tutores que participaron en el programa desarrollaron diferentes tipos de actividades tutoriales presenciales y virtuales con el alumnado, para prevenir situaciones de abandono de los estudios, facilitar la construcción del proyecto formativo y profesional y el desarrollar competencias transversales necesarias para su integración sociolaboral. En los resultados se evidencia la importancia que tienen las funciones de asesoramiento y mediación realizadas por los profesores tutores para ayudar al alumnado en la gestión de su proceso de aprendizaje y las dificultades encontradas en el uso del portafolio electrónico Mahara como recurso de la tutoría académica...

Este artigo define um modelo de tutoria personalizado para estudantes universitários que combinam os seus estudos com esporte de alto nível. Os 19 professores tutores que participaram no programa desenvolveram diferentes tipos de atividades e tutoriais virtuais com os alunos, para evitar situações de abandono e facilitar o projeto de construção e de formação profissional e o desenvolvimento das competências transferíveis necessárias para a integração social. Os resultados são a prova da importância das funções do aconselhamento e mediação realizada pelos tutores para ajudar os alunos a gerir a sua aprendizagem e dificuldades encontradas no uso do portfolio Mahara, como um recurso da tutoria académica...

This article defines a model of personalized tutoring for college students that combine their studies with high-level sport. The 19 tutors who participated in the program developed different types of activities and virtual tutory with the students in order to prevent situations of dropout and to facilitate the construction of the project and the professional training and develop transferable skills necessary for social integration. The results evidenced the importance of counseling and mediation functions that are performed by the tutor to help students in managing their learning process and the difficulties encountered in the usage of the Mahara portfolio as a resource for academic tutoring...