Analysis of the characteristics and therapeutic effect of consonant errors in children with functional articulation disorders at different ages / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Analyzing the characteristics of consonant errors in children with functional dysarthria in different age groups and the effect of speech training provides a reference for clinical treatment. @*Methods @#This study followed medical ethics, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. Speech data from 388 patients with functional dysarthria were retrospectively studied. They were divided into two groups at the age of 6, namely, the preschool group (4-6 years old) of 226 patients and the school age group (6-13 years old, including 6 years old) of 162 patients. The characteristics of consonant pronunciation errors from four aspects were analyzed: average number of errors, pronunciation location, pronunciation method, and error type. One-on-one speech training was conducted, with a training frequency of once a week and once for 30 minutes. The training method was carried out in the order of phoneme training, syllable training, vocabulary training, sentence training, and short text and conversation training. The effects of speech training in the two groups were compared. @*Results@#Analysis by pronunciation location: both age groups had the highest frequency of errors in tongue tip posterior sounds; the school age group had the lowest error frequency for labiodental consonants, and the preschool group had the lowest error frequency for bilabial consonants. According to the analysis of pronunciation mode, both age groups had the highest error frequency of aspirated affricate and the lowest error frequency of nasal sound. Analysis by error type: both age groups are mainly characterized by substitution and omission. Compared with the preschool group, most consonants of patients in the school group tend to improve in terms of pronunciation location, pronunciation mode, and error types. Compared with the preschool group, the two types of errors-palatalization and lateralization-increased in frequency in the school group, but the trend of increased lateralization was not statistically significant. After 6.7 and 5.5 sessions of speech training, the pronunciation of the preschool group and the school-age group significantly improved; the cure rate of the school-age group was 84.9% (118/139), and that of the preschool group was 77.1% (91/118). There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate between the two groups.@*Conclusion@# Functional dysarthria may improve with age, but it may not completely self-heal. Children of different age groups can achieve good treatment results through scientific and reasonable speech training.

Application of intraoral scanning and 3D printing in the manufacture of removable partial dentures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There is no mature computer-aided design and manufacturing system for the preparation of removable partial denture in China so far. There is no report involving large sample size. Most of the existing studies only investigated the wear effect of a few cases, and there is a need to accumulate and enrich clinical data. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of intraoral scanning and 3D printing in the manufacture of removable partial dentures for patients. METHODS: Sixty-three patients with Kennedy class I dentition defect who received treatment in the Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, China were included in this study. These patients consisted of 29 males and 34 females and were aged 44-63 years. In the study group, 23 patients were treated with denture scaffolds by intraoral scanning and three-dimensional printing, while in the control group, 40 patients were treated with denture scaffolds by traditional impression. The wear effect was compared between two groups after repair. The masticatory efficiency was compared between two groups before and 6, 12 and 24 months after repair. At the last follow-up, patients' satisfaction and complications were compared between the study and control groups. This study was approved by Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine (approval No. TJBDYY-2014-13-R1) in March, 2014. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fitness (96% vs. 70%), retention (83% vs. 58%) and stability index (83% vs. 53%) of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P 0.05). At 12 and 24 months after repair, the masticatory efficiency in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). These results suggest that intraoral scanning and 3D printing could obtain a more accurate stent model in the manufacture of partial dentures compared with traditional impression, thereby has a higher application value.

The relevance of subjective health recognition and happiness index of local community residents (Using community health survey data 2014) / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: Health is closely related to an individual's assessment of their quality of life and their subjective level of happiness. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between happiness index and self-rated health by utilizing a community health survey in Korea. METHODS: The study participants were 17,937 people living in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, who completed a community health survey in 2014. The non-subjective variables included in the statistical analysis were sex, age, region, education, income, and economic activity. The subjective awareness variables included self-rated health, self-rated oral health, chewing difficulty, pronunciation difficulty, and happiness index. Statistical analysis of the data was done using the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Evaluation of the subjective awareness levels revealed that the respondents that were better educated, whose income levels were higher, and those who engaged in an economic activity found themselves to be in better physical health and oral health. In contrast, the respondents that were female, older, and with residence in the counties reported a higher incidence of chewing difficulty. There was a positive correlation between happiness index and subjective awareness level, and a negative correlation between chewing difficulty and pronunciation difficulty. Happiness index was influenced the most by subjective health levels, followed by income, age, pronunciation difficulty, subjective oral health, chewing difficulty, academic credential, region, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, in order to improve the happiness index of community residents, regular health checkups and systematic oral health education should be prepared in order to improve awareness of subjective health and reduce discomfort in the oral cavity, and efforts should be made to reduce the gap between regions.

Correlation between depressive symptoms and subjective mastication ability and ability to pronunciation among Korean elderly / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The present study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms and subjective chewing and pronunciation ability in Korean seniors. Our goal is to provide the data required to develop appropriate oral health interventions programs for seniors. METHODS: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) is widely used depressive symptoms assessment. A Korean version was used for the 2009 Community Health Survey, which was consulted to extract the present study's subjects, comprising 50,694 Korean seniors (males, 20,582; females, 30,112) aged ≥65 years. Those with a CES-D score ≥16 were rated 'depressed.' SAS version 9.3 was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Prevalence of depressive symptoms increased as the subjects' socioeconomic status decreased, number of health issues increased, health behavior worsened, and chewing and pronunciation discomfort increased. Males with chewing difficulties were found to have 1.45 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 1.63) greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without, while males with pronunciation discomfort were found to have 1.97 times greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without (95% CI, 1.76 to 2.20). Females with chewing difficulty were found to have 1.50 times (95% CI, 1.39 to 1.61) greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without, and females with pronunciation discomfort were found to have 1.55 times greater risk of depressive symptoms than those without (95% CI, 1.44 to 1.67). CONCLUSIONS: Intervention programs designed to help with oral health management and alleviate depressive symptoms in seniors are urgently needed. As the prevalence of depressive symptoms may vary geographically, research examining potential variance at city, district, and town levels would be beneficial.

Prosthetic restoration of the patient with inaccurate pronunciation after prosthesis fabrication through systematic diagnosis and treatment procedure: A case report / 대한치과보철학회지

Recently, there are cases where anterior esthetic prostheses are fabricated for better esthetics, but biologic, mechanical factors could be overlooked, too focusing on esthetic factor. This leads to changes in neutral zone, dentition, position of tongue and lips, occlusion and anterior guidance causing inaccurate pronunciation. Therefore, consideration of systematic diagnosis and treatment procedure are required. In this case, prosthesis was refabricated through a systematic diagnosis and treatment procedure using four factor (acoustic analysis, esthetic analysis, occlusion, neutral zone) for the patient who complained of inaccurate pronunciation and esthetics of the fixed prosthesis fabricated 10 years ago. Thus, by promoting functional, esthetic recovery, this case report demonstrates satisfying results to both the patient and dentist.

Habilidades lingüísticas sobre nomenclatura microbiana en profesionales de la salud / Linguistic skills of health professionals regarding the microbial nomenclature

En los programas de estudios donde se aplican la Microbiología o Parasitología Médica aparece en todos los casos como objetivo nombrar a los microorganismos. Objetivo: analizar el estado de las habilidades lingüísticas sobre taxonomía microbiana en profesionales de la salud. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo donde fueron revisados 270 trabajos científicos escritos, relacionados con estas dos especialidades médicas y se efectuaron 250 entrevistas a profesionales de las distintas especialidades médicas, se respetó el anonimato en todos los casos. Resultados: se observaron problemas en la gramática en el 73 por ciento de los artículos, 22 por ciento de las tesis de maestría y 14 por ciento de las tesis de doctorado, mientras que en la nomenclatura estos se reportaron en 29 %, 13 por ciento y 5 por ciento, respectivamente. En el 91 por ciento de las entrevistas se detectaron problemas de dicción. Conclusiones: existen problemas de dicción, gramaticales y escritura sobre los nombres de los microorganismos entre los profesionales de la salud...

The curricula in which microbiology and medical parasitology are involved have as an objective in all the cases to name the various microorganisms. Objective: to analyze the linguistic skills of health professionals in terms of microbial taxonomy. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out to review 270 scientific papers related to these specialties and 250 interviews were made to professionals from different medical specialties. They were all anonymous. Results: grammatical mistakes were observed in 73 per cent of the papers, in 22 per cent of master's theses and in 14 per cent of Ph D's theses, whereas nomenclature errors were found in 29 per cent, 13 per cent and 5 per cent respectively. Pronunciation problems were noticed in 91 per cent of interviews. Conclusions: pronunciation, grammatical and writing problems related to the names of microorganisms were detected in the health professionals participating in this research...

Sugerencias para desarrollar el trabajo con la pronunciación en las clases de inglés en las Ciencias Médicas / Suggestions for developing the work on pronunciation in the English lessons in Medical Sciences

Introducción: la adquisición de una buena pronunciación, cuando menos inteligible, es un factor crucial en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, ya que esta facilita la comunicación. Objetivo: hacer algunas sugerencias para desarrollar el trabajo con la pronunciación en las clases de inglés. Material y Métodos: se revisaron libros y materiales sobre el tema que permitieron obtener la información deseada. Desarrollo: la pronunciación no puede desvincularse del acto del habla. En el proceso de desarrollo de la expresión oral es vital prestar atención a algunos aspectos significativos de la comunicación como articular sonidos con exactitud, emplear adecuadamente los enlaces de sonidos y palabras en el discurso oral, acentuar sílabas y palabras correctamente, hacer los cambios de acentuación en las palabras que lo requieran así como las pausas, emplear apropiadamente la entonación para expresar diferentes funciones comunicativas, emociones y actitudes y establecer una apropiada correspondencia sonido-grafía, con énfasis en las diferencias que existe entre la lengua materna y la extranjera. Conclusiones: el trabajo con la pronunciación debe ser incentivado desde sus inicios, para desarrollar una comunicación oral fluida y eficaz en los estudiantes. Se sugiere realizar diferentes actividades en las aulas como canciones, trabalenguas y juegos didácticos. El éxito de la habilidad oral depende de un trabajo sostenido y profundo con los elementos que engloban la pronunciación, dígase acentuación, ritmo y entonación, por lo que se recomienda además, prestar más atención a este aspecto tan íntimamente relacionado con la comunicación.

Introduction: the acquisition of good pronunciation, at least intelligible, is a key factor in the foreign language learning, since this helps communication. Objective: to make some suggestions about the work with pronunciation patterns in the English lessons. Material and Methods: books and materials about this issue were consulted providing the necessary information. Development: pronunciation cannot be separated of the speech act. In the process of development of the oral skill is vital to pay attention to some significant facts of communication such as sound articulation, the use of blendings in the oral speech, syllable and word stress, the change in stress in the words that need it as well as pauses, intonation to express different communicative functions, emotions and attitudes, and the phoneme-grapheme correspondence emphasizing the difference between the mother tongue and the foreign language. Conclusions: pronunciation should be dealt with since the very beginning of a course in order to develop a fluent and efficient oral communication of the language being learnt. Some activities such as songs, tong-twisters and didactic games are suggested. The success of the oral skill depends on regular and hard work with pronunciation aspects, that is to say, stress, rhythm and intonation, which calls for special attention towards this topic closely related to communication.

The Clinical Effect of Pronunciation aid Device in the Pronunciation Treatment of Cleft lip and Palate Patients / 医学研究杂志

Objective A pronunciation aid device had been made by using dental prosthodontic method for the treatment of pronunciation disorder, which is caused by movement dysfunction because of defect of soft palate tissues in cleft lip and palate patients.Methods According to the defect condition in the mouth, two types of pronunciation aid devices had been produced regularly by using maxillary impression, plaster casting and thermoplastic resin materials and so on. Results In the first group of cases, after 3 patients were wearing soft palate movement pronunciation aid device, and then they were given pronunciation training, it is found that their language clearances degrees had been promoted obviously. In the second group of cases, 2 patients were wearing naso-pharynx cavity closing pronunciation aid device, it is found that their nasal sound and nasal leakage were disappeared. And in the same time we gave patients pronunciation training, and after one year, their language clearances degrees were found to be more obviously increased than before.Conclusions Naso-pharynx cavity closing pronunciation aid device and soft palate movement pronunciation aid device are an effective non-surgical treatment methods for the treatment of naso-pharynx cavity closing dysfunction and soft palate movement dysfunction.

Recognition of English Pronunciation Teaching and Test / 中华医学教育探索杂志

English pronunciation course is a main course that trains learners'basic pronunciation skills.It is important to improve learners'pronunciation skills as well as to train learners'language sensitivity and linguistic expression of emotions by emphasizing the development of English pronunciation course,choosing a teacher who receives systematic pronunciation training and appropriate teaching materials.Moreover,a stage test can effectively evaluate learners'pronunciation development and the pronunciation teaching.