The effect of psychosocial stress on asthma in children and its mechanism / 国际儿科学杂志

With the development of the understanding of bronchial asthma(asthma for short) and the accumulation of diagnosis and treatment experience, people realize that asthma is a heterogeneous physical and mental disease.Psychosocial stress can increase the frequency of asthma attacks in children and increase the burden of family and society.Psychosocial stress from individual, family and other levels transduces signals in the brain, which are transmitted to downstream effectors, producing effectors such as adrenocorticosteroids, enhancing Th2 and Th17 cell responses, inhibiting Treg cell responses, and influencing specific asthma related genotypes.This paper reviews the mechanism of psychosocial stress on asthma, in order to better control and treat asthma and improve the quality of life of children with asthma.

Efecto perjudicial de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en la sintomatología digestiva en pacientes con síndrome de intestino irritable / Detrimental impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the symptomatology of patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a more frequent disorder in the brain-gut axis interaction in the world. COVID-19 has affected the population's mental health, and its impact on clinical severity in patients with IBS is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of psychosocial stress produced by the pandemic on the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. Methodology: 54 women and three men with IBS were interviewed by telephone. Factors associated with quality of life, comorbidities, IBS subtype, and COVID-19 diagnosis were asked. Calls were developed between June 2020 to January 2021. Results: 75% had Diarrheal IBS (IBS-D), 67% had comorbidities, 47% with busy work, and 70% in person, five patients (9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Of the total, 88% referred to change in gastrointestinal symptoms, 56% increased abdominal pain, and 95% bloating. Abdominal pain was negatively associated with quality of life (p < 0.036), and the incomplete evacuation's sensation positively with difficulty sleeping (p < 0.034). Conclusion: In this study, IBS patients interviewed by telephone reported higher abdominal pain and subjective bloating associated with the pandemic by SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Irritable

El Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII) es uno de los trastornos en la interacción cerebrointestino más frecuentes en el mundo. La pandemia COVID-19 ha afectado la salud mental de la población, siendo desconocido su impacto en la severidad clínica en pacientes con SII. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del estrés psicosocial producido por la pandemia en la severidad de síntomas gastrointestinales de pacientes con SII. Metodología: 54 mujeres y 3 hombres con SII fueron entrevistados vía telefónica. Se preguntó por factores asociados a calidad de vida, comorbilidades, subtipo de SII y diagnóstico de COVID-19. Las llamadas se realizaron entre junio de 2020 hasta enero de 2021. Resultados: Un 75% presentó SII Diarreico (SII-D), el 67% comorbilidades, el 47% con trabajo activo y 70% presencial, 5 pacientes (9%) diagnosticados COVID-19. Del total, 88% refirió cambio en síntomas gastrointestinales, 56% aumentó el dolor abdominal y 95% la distensión abdominal. El dolor abdominal se asoció negativamente con la calidad de vida (p < 0,036), y la sensación de evacuación incompleta positivamente con la dificultad para dormir (p < 0,034). Conclusión: En este estudio, los pacientes con SII entrevistados vía telefónica reportaron mayor dolor y distensión abdominal subjetiva asociado a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.

Impacto psicossocial do isolamento durante pandemia de covid-19 na população brasileira: análise transversal preliminar / Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 self-isolation on the Brazilian population: a preliminary cross-sectional analysis

Resumo Este artigo trata de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e analítica da população brasileira em isolamento social (IS) durante pandemia do novo coronavírus, com o objetivo de identificar preditores de estresse psicossocial com dados recolhidos por questionário on-line nas redes sociais em abril de 2020. Do total de 3.836 pessoas participantes, prevaleceram: mulheres (2.821; 73,5%); faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (1.101; 28,7%); com pós-graduação (2075;54,1%); estando em IS (3.447; 89,9%). Houve diferença significativa pelo fato de as pessoas estarem em IS: sentir medo de serem infectadas pelo coronavírus (p<0,001); preocupação se alguém precisava sair de casa (p<0,001); rotina modificada após o IS, destacando "entretanto conseguiram se adaptar à nova realidade", comparado aos que "tiveram a rotina alterada sem conseguir se adaptar" (p<0,001); tristeza ou preocupação, fazendo outras atividades como exercício físico, práticas religiosas, atividades lúdicas (p<0,001); e não pensaram numa solução para esse problema (p<0,001); além de mudança no padrão de sono (p=0,006). Os achados revelam a necessidade de discussão ampliada dos determinantes sociais da saúde, que devem envolver não só a doença, mas levar em consideração as relações sociais, as manifestações culturais e a economia, que podem impactar a saúde mental das pessoas.

Abstract This is a quantitative, descriptive, and analytical study of the Brazilian population in social isolation (SI) during the novel coronavirus pandemic whose aim was to identify predictive factors for psychosocial stress using data collected by a social media-based online questionnaire administered in April 2020. Among the 3,836 participants, most were women (2,821; 73.5%), aged from 30 to 39 years (1,101; 28.7%), with post-graduate education (2,075;54.1%), and in SI (3,447; 89.9%). We found significant differences between individuals who were in SI and those who were not regarding: feeling afraid of being infected by the coronavirus (p<0.001) and worried if someone had to leave the house (p<0.001); changes in routine after self-isolating in those who managed to adapt to the new reality compared to those who could not adapt (p<0.001); feeling sad and worried while doing other activities, such as physical exercise, religious practices, or recreational activities (p<0.001); inability to imagine a solution to this problem (p<0.001), and changes in sleep pattern (p=0.006). Our findings indicate the need for further discussions about the social determinants of health, addressing not only the disease per se, but also social relations, cultural manifestations, and the economy, which may impact people's mental health.

School refusal, depression and suicidality in an adolescent girl- the interplay of stress and vulnerability: a case report

The stress vulnerability model emphasizes the interplay of genetic vulnerability, personal characteristics and psychosocial factors in the causation of mental illness. The index case highlights the genesis of psychiatric illness in an adolescent female with a family history of bipolar disorder and substance dependence leading to impaired family interaction and family dynamics. Individual psychotherapy, family therapy and pharmacological management proved beneficial in the index case.

Difference in health status of Korean farmers according to gender

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare differences in lifestyle diseases, musculoskeletal pain, psychosocial stress, and self-health awareness according to gender in Korean farmers. METHODS: The study population comprised 436 farmers residing in rural areas in Korea. A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and musculoskeletal pain. The psychosocial well-being index short form (PWI-SF) was used to survey psychosocial stress, and the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12) was used to survey self-health awareness. In addition, a clinical examination was performed for each participant, and lifestyle diseases were identified through a health checkup. RESULTS: Among lifestyle diseases, females showed a significantly higher proportion than males for metabolic syndrome (OR: 4.57 [95% CI, 1.67–12.51]). For musculoskeletal pain, females again showed significantly higher proportion than males for hand pain (OR: 16.79 [95% CI, 3.09–91.30]), and pain in at least one body part (OR: 2.34 [95% CI, 1.16–4.70]). For psychosocial stress, females showed a significantly higher proportion than males for high-risk stress (OR: 3.10 [95% CI, 1.17–8.24]). Among the items in self-health awareness, females showed significantly higher proportion than males for mental component score (MCS) (OR: 3.10 [95% CI, 1.52–6.31]) and total score (OR: 2.34 [95% CI, 1.11–4.90]). CONCLUSIONS: For all items that showed significant differences, females showed higher proportion than males, which indicates that female farmers tended to have poorer overall health than male farmers. Therefore, specialized programs will have to be developed to improve the health of female farmers.

Influencing factors of early puberty / 国际儿科学杂志

Nearly half a century,an increasing number of studies have found that the puberty of human being is at early trends.Puberty is the process of physical changes involving reproductive system maturation and the acquisition of fertility,by the combination effects of nervous system,endocrine system and the environment.Pubertal timing is a relative concept and the process of pubertal development can be shown as early,timely or relatively late as compared with a reference group.This article mainly focuses on related influencing factors of pubertal timing including genetic factor,childhood obesity,growth pattern (intrauterine growth retardation,catchup growth,adiposity rebound),psychosocial stress (poor family emotional environment,father absence,international adoption),environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals with their mechanism and significance.The exploration of relevant risk factors of early puberty can provide scientific evidence for formulating relevant policies and targeted prevention.

Analysis of the relationship between relocation satisfaction and psychosocial stress of transitional period immigrants in the south-to-north water diversion project / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the relationship between relocation satisfaction and psychosocial stress of transitional peri-od immigrants in the south-to-north water diversion project .Methods Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was used in this study ,a basic questionnaire and Psychosocial Stress Survey for Groups(PSSG) were used to investigate transitional period im-migrants who moved to Xingyang and Baofeng from Zhechuan holding different subjective feelings of migration .Results (1) Ex-cept that the evaluation of the implementation of immigration policy existed significant differences(P< 0 .05) between the two are-as ,other evaluations didn′t exist significant differences .(2) There were significant differences (P< 0 .05) in negative emotions ,pos-itive emotions ,negative coping style ,total psychological stress score between the three groups about the different evaluations of new life satisfaction ,new residence satisfaction and overall relocation satisfaction in new residence .Other evaluations didn′t exist signifi-cant differences in psychological stress .(3) Decision tree indicated that the key factors from strong to weak which influence psycho-social stress were new residence satisfaction ,new life satisfaction and overall relocation satisfaction .Conclusion The overall level of psychological stress in immigration is more intense than reference ,which positive and negative nature of evaluation has a direct link with it .

Relationship between chronic psychosocial stress and BMI among adolescents / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence of chronic psychosocial stress on BMI in adolescents.Methods Physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted among the students of junior grade 1 and senior grade 1 in 10 middle schools in Xuzhou in September 2011.Their body height and weight were measured at baseline survey and the self-report information about socio-demographic data,emotional symptoms (depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms),and life style/behavior were collected from them.Chronic psychosocial stress was assessed with Multidimensional Life Events Rating Questionnaire (MLERQ),which consists of five items,stress of family life,school life,peer relation,gender relation and health growth.Results A total of 5 473 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis (2 841 from boys and 2 632 from girls).The follow-up measurement of body height and weight were conducted in September 20 13.A total of 4 316 students (2 171 boys,2 145 girls) were surveyed,and 1 157 students missed the follow up.The psychosocial stress score in the overweight and obese girls at baseline survey was positively associated with BMI-Z increase at follow up survey (P＜0.01).No such effect was observed among the boys at follow-up survey.Conclusion High level of chronic psychosocial stress could lead to BMI increase in overweight and obese girls,suggesting that female adolescents are susceptible population of psychosocial stress induced obesity.

The relationship between thyroid carcinoma and psychosocial risk factors / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid carcinoma and psychosocial risk factors.Methods A hospital based case-controlled study of thyroid carcinoma was conducted.Cases were path-ologically confirmed as primary papillary thyroid carcinoma.Both 102 cases and 114 controls were tested by the PSSG scale.Results Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that overworking,children′s fu-ture,depress,anxiety,and like to suppress their emotions could increase the risk of thyroid carcinoma,pleasing e-motion and forget unhappy as soon as possible might prevent the thyroid carcinoma.Conclusion Psychosocial risk factors are important in the onset and progression of the thyroid carcinoma.

Effects of Emotional Labor and Self-efficacy on Psychosocial Stress of Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional labor and self-efficacy on psychosocial stress of nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlation study design was used. The participants were 186 nurses from two general hospitals in Jeju Island, South Korea. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data including data on emotional labor, self-efficacy, and psychosocial stress. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Approximately 98% of the participants were categorized as having potential and high risk stress levels. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that employment status, surface-acting, and self-efficacy explained 37.0% of psychosocial stress and self-efficacy was the main factor influencing psychosocial stress. CONCLUSION: Nursing administrators should understand that nurses suffer from high risk stress and emotional labor. To reduce the psychosocial stress of nurses, there is needed to improve stressful work conditions such as irregular employment, decrease surface-acting, and improve self-efficacy.

Effect of maternal job strain during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment by gender at 6 and 12 months: Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study

OBJECTIVES: Limited evidence is available regarding the association between prenatal job strain and infant neurodevelopment. Most studies used stress indicators other than job strain to explain the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and child development. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between maternal job strain during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in infancy. METHODS: Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, an on-going prospective birth cohort study, has been conducted in South Korea since 2006. Job strain during pregnancy was measured using Korean version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Infant neurodevelopment was assessed using Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) at 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 343 mother-child pairs that completed JCQ and K-BSID-II more than once were included. Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) defined in the K-BSID-II were used as outcome variables. RESULTS: Compared to infants from mothers with low job strain, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in PDI were found in infants from mothers with active and passive job at 6 months of age. After stratification by infant sex, boys in the high strain group had a lower MDI score than boys in the low job strain group at 12 months. On the other hand, girls in the high strain and active groups had higher MDI scores than girls in the low job strain group at 12 months. PDI at 12 months also showed different results by sex. Boys in the high strain and passive job groups had lower PDI scores than boys in the low job strain group. However, such difference was not observed in girls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that prenatal job strain affects infant neurodevelopment in a gender-dependent manner.

Psychosocial stress and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate among adults with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress has been hypothesized to impact renal changes, but this hypothesis has not been adequately tested. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychosocial stress and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and to examine other predictors of eGFR changes among persons with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Data from a survey conducted in 2005 by a major health maintenance organization located in the southeastern part of the United States, linked to patients' clinical and pharmacy records (n=575) from 2005 to 2008, was used. Study participants were working adults aged 25-59 years, diagnosed with DM but without advanced microvascular or macrovascular complications. eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. A latent psychosocial stress variable was created from five psychosocial stress subscales. Using a growth factor model in a structural equation framework, we estimated the association between psychosocial stress and eGFR while controlling for important covariates. RESULTS: The psychosocial stress variable was not directly associated with eGFR in the final model. Factors found to be associated with changes in eGFR were age, race, insulin use, and mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION: Among fairly healthy DM patients, we did not find any evidence of a direct association between psychosocial stress and eGFR changes after controlling for important covariates. Predictors of eGFR change in our population included age, race, insulin use, and mean arterial pressure.

Riesgos psicosociales en conductores de transporte de carga y pasajeros urbanos e interurbanos, y su asociación con la autopercepción de salud y siniestralidad laboral / Psychosocial risks in freight and passengers, urban and intercity drivers and its association with Self-Rated Health and workplace accidents

La exposición a factores de riesgo psicosociales presentes en el lugar de trabajo constituye un tema prioritario para la salud ocupacional. El OBJETIVO del estudio es estimar la asociación entre factores de riesgo psicosocial presentes en el trabajo, y autopercepción de salud y siniestralidad laboral, en conductores de vehículos de transporte de carga y pasajeros, urbanos e interurbanos, de empresas afiliadas a la Asociación Chilena de Seguridad. Se aplicaron 4 cuestionarios a una muestra de 356 conductores de 4 empresas de transporte, en que 100% fue hombre con una edad promedio de 45,4 ± 9,7 años; el 70,8% transporta pasajeros, con jornadas de 11,4 horas/día. Todas las dimensiones de ISTAS-21 resultaron con promedios inferiores a la referencia salvo "trabajo activo y desarrollo de habilidades". El 93,8% se reportó como "sin alteraciones de salud mental". Se demostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre dimensiones del ISTAS 21 con, GHQ-12 y participación en accidentes de tránsito (sólo compensaciones), aun después de ajustar por variables de confusión. Esto permitió el diseño de intervenciones, consensuadas con las empresas, a fin de controlar/eliminar estas exposiciones para mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de los trabajadores y reducir las enfermedades profesionales y accidentes del trabajo relacionados.

Exposure to psychosocial risk factors present in the workplace is a priority topic for occupational health. The AIM of the study is to estimate the association between psychosocial risk factors present at work, and self-rated health and occupational accidents in drivers of passenger and freight transport, urban and intercity, of companies affiliated with the Chilean Safety Association. Four questionnaires were applied to a sample of 356 drivers from 4 Transport companies, in which 100% were male with a average age of 45,4 ± 9,7 years; 70,8% carry passengers, with working days of 11,4 hours / day. All dimensions of ISTAS-21 resulted with lower averages to the reference except for "active job and skill development." 93,8% was reported as "no mental health disorders". Statistically significant associations between dimensions of ISTAS 21, GHQ-12 and involvement in traffic accidents (just compensation), even after adjusting for confounding variables were demonstrated. This allowed the design of interventions, agreed with the companies, in order to control/eliminate these exposures to improve the health and quality of life of workers and reduce occupational diseases and work-related accidents.

Telogen effluvium.

Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. In its acute form, it generates a lot of anxiety in the patient, which can be signifi cantly allayed with a confi dent diagnosis. In its more chronic form, however, the hair loss may go unnoticed for long periods of time. Here in, the dermatologist’s role in differentiating it from the more common patterned hair loss is signifi cant. Differentiating TE from other causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss can indeed be a daunting task and TE is often used as a waste basket diagnosis. A number of factors have been implicated in the causation of TE, however, clear evidence in their support is lacking. The role of stress as a causative factor as well as the result of hair loss needs to be adequately understood. This review aims at summarizing our current level of knowledge with respect to this very common cause of hair loss. An attempt is made to help the readers reliably differentiate TE from other causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. The possible causative factors, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical presentation, and possible treatment options are discussed.

Tendências e diversidade na utilização empírica do Modelo Demanda-Controle de Karasek (estresse no trabalho): uma revisão sistemática / Trends and diversity in the empirical use of Karasek's demand-control model (job strain): a systematic review

INTRODUÇÃO: O modelo demanda-controle de Karasek tem sido utilizado para investigar associação entre estresse no trabalho e desfechos de saúde. Entretanto, diferentes instrumentos e definições têm sido adotados para aferir a exposição "alta exigência no trabalho", o que dificulta a comparação de resultados entre estudos. OBJETIVO: Descrever os instrumentos e as definições adotadas para a variável de exposição "estresse no trabalho", avaliada segundo o modelo demanda-controle, nos estudos observacionais publicados até 2010. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais publicados até dezembro de 2010, que avaliaram a exposição "estresse no trabalho", aferido segundo o modelo demanda-controle de Karasek e utilizaram o JCQ ou seus derivados, desde que explicitado nos textos. RESULTADOS: Entre 877 resumos selecionados, 496 (57%) preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Identificou-se tendência à produção bibliográfica crescente no tema. A maioria dos estudos foi de natureza seccional; não encontramos diferenças relevantes entre as populações de estudo masculinas e femininas. Suécia, EUA, Japão e Canadá concentraram 57% das publicações, em sua maioria incluindo mais de 1.000 participantes e ocupações diversificadas. Desfechos cardiovasculares e seus fatores de risco foram os mais estudados (45%), seguidos por aqueles relacionados à saúde mental (25%). Em 71% dos estudos foi utilizado o Job Content Questionnaire (com 2 a 49 itens) e, em 19% do total, a versão sueca (Demand Control Swedish Questionnaire). Quadrantes de exposição demanda-controle foram utilizados em 51% dos trabalhos, mas com variados pontos de corte; escores das duas dimensões foram analisados em separado em 27%, e sua razão em 14% do total. Apoio social no trabalho foi avaliado em 44% dos estudos. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo Karasek deverá continuar a suscitar pesquisas epidemiológicas e esperamos que os pesquisadores enfrentem essas questões teóricas e metodológicas ainda pendentes.

INTRODUCTION: Karasek's demand-control model has been used to investigate association between job strain and health outcomes. However, different instruments and definitions have been utilized to assess the exposure 'high strain at work', which makes difficult the comparison of results across studies. OBJECTIVE: To describe the measurement instruments and the definitions adopted for the exposure variable 'job strain', according to the demand-control model, by observational studies published until 2010. METHODS: Systematic review of observational studies published until December 2010, addressing the exposure 'job strain', measured according to the demand-control model and used the JCQ or its derivatives, since explicit. RESULTS: Among 877 selected abstracts, 496 (57%) met the inclusion criteria. It identified a trend towards the increasing production literature on the subject. Most studies were sectional; found no relevant differences among study populations of men and women. Sweden, USA, Japan and Canada accounted for 57% of publications, mostly including more than 1000 participants and diverse occupations. Cardiovascular outcomes and their risk factors were the most studied (45%), followed by those related to mental health (25%). In 71% of the studies used the Job Content Questionnaire (from 2 to 49 items) and 19% of the total, the Swedish version (Demand-Control Questionnaire Swedish). Quadrants of the demand-control exposure were used in 51% of the work, but with different cutoff points; scores of the two dimensions were analyzed separately in 27%, and its ratio in 14% of the total. Social support at work was assessed in 44% of the studies. CONCLUSION: Karasek's model should continue to raise epidemiological studies and we hope that researchers face these theoretical and methodological issues outstanding.

Estrés psicosocial laboral como factor de riesgo para las complicaciones de la gestación y el bajo peso al nacer / Work psychosocial stress as a risk factor for pregnancy complications and low birth weight

Objetivos: determinar el efecto del estrés psicosocial laboral en la aparición de complicaciones en la gestación y el bajo peso al nacer. Métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado en el municipio "10 de Octubre" en La Habana entre 2005-2010. La muestra quedó conformada por 521 trabajadoras y 429 amas de casa captadas entre las 8 y 14 semanas de gestación. El estrés psicosocial laboral se midió mediantelos modelos Demanda-Control de la Tensión Laboral" y Dinamismo de la Personalidad. Resultados: la actividad laboral constituyó un factor de riesgo para el bajo peso al nacer. La medición del estrés psicosocial laboral determinó que percibir el trabajo como de altas exigencias que cumplir, o de bajas posibilidades de decidir su organización y empleo de habilidades, o de altas demandas cuando no se desea esta condición laboral, fue un factor de riesgo para el bajo peso al nacer. Percibir el trabajo como de altas exigencias y desearlas, o realizar un trabajo de bajas posibilidades de empleo de habilidades y de decisión cuando no se desea, constituyó un factor de riesgo para las complicaciones gestacionales. Conclusiones: la condición de ser trabajadora gestante incrementa la probabilidad de tener un hijo de bajo peso pero no para tener complicaciones gestacionales. La falta de correspondencia entre la percepción del trabajo que se realiza y el deseo de cómo se quiere que sea, implica la posibilidad de tener un recién nacido con bajo peso y ocurrencia de mayor o menor número de complicaciones durante la gestación. Otras condiciones de la subjetividad relacionadas con la actividad laboral devienen factores protectores.

Objectives: to determine the effect of work psychosocial stress in the occurrence of gestational complications and low birth weight. Methods: prospective cohort study carried out between 2005-2010, in 10 de Octubre municipality, Havana City. The final sample was composed of 521 workers and 429 housewives, who were detected in their 8 to 14 weeks of gestation. Work psychosocial stress was measured through the demand-control model of job strain and personality dynamism. Results: job represented a risk factor for low birth weight. The measurement of work psychosocial stress determined that, perceiving the job as one with high requirements to be fulfilled, little possibilities of deciding its organization and use of skills, or a highly demanding job whenever they are unwanted, were risk factors for low birth weight. Perceiving the job as one with high requirements and desire it or having a job with little possibilities for using her skills and of taking decisions when it is not desire, represents a risk factor for gestational complications. Conclusions: the condition of being a working pregnant woman increases the risk of having a low birth weight child, but it is not for the occurrence of gestational complications. The lack of correspondence between the perception of the work done and the desire of how it should be, implies the possibility of having a low birth weight child and a greater or lesser number of complications during pregnancy. Other subjectivity conditions associated with work, become protective factors.

Occupational Risk Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Public Workers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the occupational risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in public workers. METHODS: In November 2010, 544 participants anwered a survey that included questions on the participants' general characteristics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, and psychosocial stress. We measured the relationship of risk factors to musculoskeletal symptoms using a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: After adjusting for general characteristics, factors associated with occupational musculoskeletal symptoms were gender (OR=2.858, 95% CI=1.701~4.801), unnatural posture (OR=2.386, 95% CI=1.308~4.354), psychosocial stress (OR=4.051, 95% CI=1.336~12.282) and sleep quality (OR=1.672, 95% CI=1.052~2.660). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that psychosocial stress levels and physical environment (especially in professions requiring an unnatural posture) are related to musculoskeletal symptoms in public workers.

The Effects of Stress on Intraocular Pressure and Lacrimal Secretion

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of psychosocial stress on intraocular pressure and lacrimal secretion. METHODS: Twenty normal adult volunteers (40 eyes) who had no history of systemic or ocular disease such as dry eye syndrome or glaucoma were recruited from clinical research participants. Heart rate, intraocular pressure and lacrimal secretion were measured after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) which induces psychosocial stress. The same measurements were taken 1 week later and the recorded measurements were considered as the control group. RESULTS: Heart rate was elevated significantly after the TSST, indicating psychosocial stress was induced by the TSST. Compared to stress resolution status, intraocular pressure and lacrimal secretion were increased after the TSST (p = 0.027, p = 0.011). Elevation of intraocular pressure and lacrimal secretion was statistically significant in males (p = 0.031, p = 0.007), but not significant in females (p = 0.336, p = 0.554). CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial stress can increase intraocular pressure and lacrimal secretion.

Relaciones entre estrés psicosocial y lesiones deportivas en tenistas / Psychosocial stress and sport injuries in tennis players

El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el estrés social percibido y su relación con las lesiones deportivas, en jugadores de tenis. Sesenta y tres tenistas masculinos, con una media de edad de 31.62 años (DT = 8.93), pertenecientes a Clubes Deportivos de la Provincia de Alicante (España), cumplimentaron instrumentos de estrés psicosocial y de lesiones sufridas durante el año anterior a la evaluación. Los resultados indican que los sucesos vitales experimentados, se relacionan con algunas de las lesiones sufridas por los tenistas. Se han encontrado relaciones entre el grado de tensión psicológica experimentada y la evaluación negativa de esta tensión, con el tipo (lesiones en muñecas, tobillos y esguinces), y la gravedad de las lesiones (lesiones leves).

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived social stress and its relation to sports injuries in tennis players. Sixty-three male tennis players, with a mean age of 31.62 years (SD = 8.93), Sports Clubs belonging to the Province of Alicante (Spain) completed instruments of psychosocial stress and injuries sustained during the previous year the assessment. The results indicate that life events experienced was related to some of the injuries suffered by players. Relationships were found between the degree of psychological stress experienced and the negative evaluation of this strain, the type (lesions on wrists, ankles and sprains), and severity of injuries (minor injuries).

Joys and Sorrows in Mothers of Children with Mucopolysaccharidosis

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore the meaning of joys and sorrows in mothers of children with Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). METHODS: The participants were 9 mothers who each had a child with MPS. Data were gathered using in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. RESULTS: The significant results from analyzing the interviews can be grouped into 12 concept descriptions, and 5 theme clusters. The essential theme clusters for the experience of the mothers were 'hopelessness about this rare disease', 'guilt because of the disease being hereditary', 'endless courses of treatment', 'wounds in the relationship', and 'relative composure of mind'. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study offer profound information on joys and sorrows experienced by mothers of children with MPS and provide basic data for developing nursing intervention strategies for the mothers of children with rare diseases.