Diagnostic value of risk malignancy index (RMI) for detection of malignancies in clinically diagnosed ovarian masses and to evaluate the validity of individual constituent parameter of risk malignancy index

Background: Pre-operative knowledge regarding the nature of ovarian mass is necessary in order to plan surgery. Risk malignancy index (RMI) is a simple scoring system based on three factors serum CA 125, USG score and menopausal status. The RMI was interpreted as 1) score >250=high risk, 2) 25-250=intermediate risk, 3) score <25=low risk. The objective of the study was to evaluate risk malignancy index (RMI) in pre-operatively clinically diagnosed ovarian mass and to compare the validity of individual parameter in RMI i.e. menopausal status, serum CA 125 and USG score to differentiate the nature of clinically diagnosed ovarian masses as benign or malignant.Methods: This was an observational study conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Trichy SRM Medical College and Research Centre, Trichy from January 2017 to January 2018 with a sample size of 77 cases with clinical diagnosis of ovarian mass admitted for surgery. The validity of RMI and validity of individual parameters were calculated and compared.Results: A total of 77 patients with ovarian tumors were enrolled in this study. According to the histological examination of the surgical specimens of the 77 women, 27.3% (n=21) had malignant tumors and 67.7% (n=56) had benign disease. Most common benign tumour was serous cystadenoma and the most common malignant tumour was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Among 77 patients, 42.85% (n=33) were postmenopausal, 44.15% (n=34) had USG score of 4, 27.27% (n=21) had serum CA125 level >cut-off values and 27.27% (n=21) had RMI >250. In cases where RMI>250, 18 out of 21 were malignant. In cases where USG score was 4, 19 out of 34 were malignant. Of the cases where serum CA125 level was > cut-off values 16 out of 21 were found to be malignant. RMI showed better sensitivity of 85.71%, specificity of 94.64%, PPV of 85.71%, NPV of 94.64% and diagnostic accuracy of 92.20%.Conclusions: RMI is highly valuable and reliable in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian lesions and facilitates selection of cases for conservative management and oncology referral.

Diagnostic accuracy of the risk of malignancy index 1 compared to the more recent IOTA ADNEX model in discriminating benign from malignant adnexal masses: a multi-centric study

Background: Identification of the nature of an adnexal mass can ensure optimum management. Single parameters as well as diagnostic models using a combination of several parameters are in use. The International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) consortium has developed and published the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model, which differentiates between benign and malignant masses. Authors conducted this study with the aim of finding a cut off value for this model in the study population and comparing the diagnostic accuracy of this model to that of the risk of malignancy (RMI).Methods: Women with adnexal masses admitted to the 3 medical college affiliated hospitals for surgical management were included in this study. Appropriate investigations were done to calculate the RMI-I and ADNEX score for each participant. A cut off score for the ADNEX model was determined and diagnostic accuracy tests were done for comparison.Results: At a cut-off of 29 for the ADNEX model and 200 for RMI model the sensitivity was 75% and 77.8, specificity 100% and 80.6%; Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 100%and 60%; Negative Predictive Value (NPV) 91% and 90.6%; Positive Likelihood ratio of infinity and 4 and a negative Likelihood Ratio of 2.8 and 2.5 respectively.Conclusions: The ADNEX model rates higher than the RMI in almost all tests of diagnostic accuracy and can be used for triaging, framing a referral policy and prioritizing surgery.

El pedido de resonancia magnética de rodilla: ¿puede ser reducido por especialistas? / The order of knee magnetic resonance: can it be reduced by specialists?

Introducción: El dolor de rodilla es una de las consultas más comunes en el consultorio traumatológico. Es comúnencontrarnos con pacientes que llegan a la consulta con una Resonancia Magnetica Nuclear (RMN) diciendo que tienenun menisco roto y buscando un turno en el quirófano. La mayoría de estos pacientes son factibles de tratamientoortopédico y es suficiente realizar maniobras semiologicas correctas para determinarlo. A pesar de ello hay un númerocreciente de solicitud de RMN de rodilla por miembros del equipo de salud. La hipótesis de este trabajo postula quelas RMN solicitadas por los especialistas en ortopedia y traumatología ofrecen resultados positivos tanto para los diagnósticos como para los planes de tratamiento.Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la utilidad en el diagnóstico y en la definición terapéutica de las RMNde rodillas solicitadas por especialistas médicos...

Introduction: Knee pain is one of the most common complications in the trauma clinic. It is common to find patients whocome to the office with a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI) who have a broken meniscus and who are looking for a lathe inthe operating room. The majority of these patients are feasible for orthopedic treatment and it is sufficient to perform correct semiological maneuvers to determine it. Although there is a growing demand for knee MRI by members of the health team.The hypothesis of this work postulates that the NMR requested by the specialists in orthopedics and traumatology offerpositive results both for the diagnoses and for the treatment plans.Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the usefulness in diagnosis and in the therapeutic definition of knee MRIs requested by medical specialists...

Reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior. Comparación de técnica transtibial versus técnica simple banda anatómica versus doble banda. Evaluación clínica y por resonancia magnética / Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Comparison between transtibial vs. anatomic single bundle vs. double bundle technique. Clinical and MRI evaluation

Introducción: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue realizar una comparación retrospectiva clínica y con RMI, entre tres técnicas quirúrgicas de reconstrucción de LCA y compararlas con el LCA nativo. Nuestra hipótesis fue que desde portal medial se consigue mayor semejanza anatómica y que este resultado mejora la estabilidad articular objetiva y subjetiva. Material y métodos: comparación retrospectiva de 3 grupos de pacientes varones (20 pacientes por grupo), operados entre diciembre 2006 y diciembre 2007 por el mismo cirujano; seguimiento promedio de 5 años y 7 meses (rango 5 a 6 años). Grupo TT: reconstrucción con técnica monotúnel transtibial. Grupo SBA: reconstrucción con técnica anatómica simple banda. Grupo DBA: reconstrucción con técnica doble banda-doble túnel anatómica. Todos evaluados con score de Lysholm, IKDC, test de Lachman medido con artrómetro, test de pivot shift y RMI. Resultados: la reconstrucción de LCA con técnica SBA y DBA es muy precisa para alcanzar los puntos anatómicos de inserción y la inclinación del LCA comparándola con la técnica TT. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los 3 grupos a los 5 años de seguimiento en el score de Lysholm, en el IKDC; tampoco las hubo en el rango de movilidad, Lachman y pivot shift, siendo estos últimos menos marcados en el grupo de DBA y de SBA. Conclusión: las reconstrucciones con SBA y DBA son más anatómicas demostradas por RMI posoperatoria, sin embargo dicha ventaja teórica, no tiene expresión clínica significativa. Nivel de evidencia: III. Tipo de estudio: comparativo retrospectivo.

Purpose: To do a retrospective clinical and with MRI comparison between three surgical techniques of ACL reconstruction compared with the native ACL. We hypothesized that more anatomical similarity is achieved from medial portal and that this result improves objective and subjective joint stability. Methods: retrospective comparison of 3 groups of male patients that received surgery from December 2006 to December 2007, all performed by the same surgeon; average follow up 5 years and 7 months (range 5 to 6 years). TT group: 20 patients with conventional (transtibial) single bundle reconstruction; ASB group: 20 patients with anatomic single-bundle reconstruction; ADB group: 20 patients with anatomic double-bundle reconstruction. The outcomes were evaluated by an independent blinded observer using the Lysholm score, IKDC, Lachman test performed with KT1000 arthrometer, pivot-shift test and MRI to determine ACL graft obliquity and femoral and tibial insertion. Results: ASB and ADB reconstruction demonstrated a more anatomical graft placement and angulation in comparison with TT technique. There were no significant differences between the 3 groups at 5 years after surgery in the Lysholm score, IKDC; neither in Range Of Motion, Lachman test and pivot-shift test. Nevertheless, patients of ASB and ADB had better outcomes in the pivot shift and Lachman test. Conclusions: the postoperative MRI showed that ASB and ADB reconstructions are more anatomical; however, this theoretical advantage is not clinically relevant. Level of Evidence: III. Type of study: retrospective comparative.

Tumores oligodendrogliales: correlación entre el genotipo tumoral e imágenes de perfusión por RM / Oligodendroglial tumors: correlation between tumor genotype and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging

Objetivo: realizar una evaluación retrospectiva respecto de la correlación entre la técnica de perfusión (PWI) por resonancia magnética (RM), el volumen sanguíneo cerebral relativo (VSCr) y el genotipo tumoral, en pacientes con neoplasias oligodendrogliales grado II. Materiales y métodos: once pacientes (7 hombres y 4 mujeres), con un rango de edad entre los 28 y 64 años, con tumores oligodendrogliales (OD) grado II, fueron estudiados con RM convencional y PWI, con la finalidad de obtener un valor de VSCr. Se realizó el análisis genético en todos los pacientes para evaluar el estado de los cromosomas 1p/19q. Resultados: cinco pacientes con tumores ODs grado II (45%) presentaron un VSCr < 1,75 y ausencia de alteraciones en 1p/19q. Tres pacientes tenían oligoastrocitomas (OA), 2 de ellos con alteraciones en 1p/19q y el restante con 1p/19q intacto. Dos de los pacientes con gliomas mixtos, uno con alteración en 1p/19q y el otro con 1p/19q intacto, presentaron un VSCr> 1,75, mientras que en el paciente restante con glioma mixto y deleción en 1p/19q, el VSCr fue de < 1,75. Dos pacientes con ODs grado II presentaron un VSCr> 1,75, uno con 1p/19q intacto y el restante con deleción en 1p/19q. El último paciente presentó un OD grado II con un VSCr< 1,75 y pérdida de 1p/19q. Conclusiones: aproximadamente el 45% de los pacientes con los cromosomas 1p/19q intactos mostró un VSCr< 1,75, lo que sugiere una neoangiogénesis tumoral limitada. Estos hallazgos podrían ser de utilidad para monitorear respuesta a agentes antiangiogénicos. Los estudios realizados en series mayores podrían proporcionar información valiosa antes de la cirugía y contribuir a un mejor manejo de estos pacientes.

Objective: To perform a retrospective assessment of the correlation between perfusion MR imaging, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and genotype in patients with grade II oligodendroglial neoplasms. Materials and methods: Eleven patients (7 men and 4 women), age range: 28-64 years, with grade II oligodendroglial tumors (OD) were studied using conventional MR and perfusion MR imaging (rCBV). Genetic analysis was carried out in all patients to assess -1p/-19q genotype status. Results: Five patients with grade II oligodendroglial tumors (45%) presented rCBV < 1.75 and intact 1p/19q. Three patients had mixed gliomas, two of them had deletion in 1p/19q, and the other presented intact 1p/19 q. rCBV was > 1.75 in two patients and < 1.75 in the other patient. Two patients with grade II oligodendroglioma had an rCBV > 1.75, one with intact 1p/19q, and the other with deletion. The last patient presented a grade II oligodendroglial tumor with rCBV < 1.75 and 1p/19q loss. Conclusions: Approximately 45% of patients with intact 1p/19q showed rCBV < 1.75, suggesting limited tumor neoangiogenesis. These findings could be important for the antiangiogenic therapy follow-up. Studies in larger series could provide valuable information prior to surgery and contribute to a better management of these patients.

Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob por RMI: alteración cortical como signo temprano de la enfermedad / Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by MRI: Cortical alteration as early sign disease

Se estudió por RMI un paciente de 59 años con diagnóstico probable de Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob desde el inicio de sus síntomas. El paciente comienza con un cuadro de leve deterioro cognitivo. En una primera resonancia en secuencias FLAIR se visualiza hiperintensidad cortical a predomino de hemisferio izquierdo, no observándose en FSE T 2. Se hace más significativa en nueva resonancia en FLAIR y Difusión, con aparición de hiperintensidad en cabeza de ambos caudados y rápido deterioro cognitivo, alteraciones visuales, aparición de signos piramidales y extrapiramidales, convulsiones y mioclonias y mutismo. Con la acentuación de las alteraciones corticales -y en los ganglios de la base en una tercera resonancia-, el paciente trasforma su ECG de ritmo lento a un ritmo de punta-onda bifásico y trifásico. A 3 meses de la primera resonancia, nuevas imágenes muestran atrofia e importante hiperintensidad cortical y en ganglios de la base. En conclusión, las secuencias FLAIR y Difusión serían más sensibles que las secuencias T2 en la detección del aumento de intensidad de señal en la corteza cerebral, siendo un indicio diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad de Creutzfeld-Jakob.

A 59-year-old man with probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was studied from early symptoms. The patients manifested mild cognitive impairment. The first magnetic resonance showed hiperintense signal cortical abnormalities in FLAIR sequence predominantly in left hemisphere, FSE T2 no showed abnormalities. In other resonance those abnormities were more significative and appeared head of the caudate nucleus abnormalities in FLAIR and Diffusion-weighted, the patients began with rapidly progressing impairment, visual disturbance, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, seizures, myoclonus and mutism. The third resonance revealed cortical and basal ganglia high signal intensity abnormalities and the patient transformed slowing EEG to biphasic and triphasic sharp-waves. Three months later news imagines showed atrophy and very high signal intensity in cortical and basal ganglia. In conclusion: FLAIR and Diffusion-weighted sequences may be more sensitivity that T2 sequence, may be an early diagnostic clue of Creutzfeldt-Jakob.