Depressive symptoms and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents / Sintomas depressivos e uso de álcool e maconha em adolescentes / Síntomas depresivos y uso de alcohol y marihuana en adolescentes

Risk behaviors are common in adolescence and demonstrates an association with depressive symptoms. Considering the psychological health implications of this phase in adult life, the aim of this study was to verify associations between depressive symptoms and consumption of alcohol and marijuana, self-injurious behavior, health self-perception, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 298 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years (61.1% girls), participated in the study. The measures were the translated Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (HBSC - BR) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The chi-square test, student's t test and binomial logistic regression (p<0.05) were used. Depressive symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms and self-injury. Higher risk for alcohol use and consumption, self-injury, negative health self-perception, anxiety and depression related to females. The findings of this population suggest worrying health outcomes, especially for girl. (AU)

Comportamentos de risco são comuns na adolescência e demonstram associação com sintomas depressivos. Considerando as implicações da saúde psicológica dessa fase na vida adulta, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar associações entre sintomas depressivos e consumo de álcool e maconha, comportamento autolesivo, autopercepção de saúde, satisfação com a vida, sintomas ansiosos e ideação suicida em adolescentes. Participaram 298 adolescentes, de 12 a 14 anos (61,1% meninas). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário traduzido Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC - BR) e o Inventário de Depressão Infantil (CDI). Utilizou-se os teste Qui-Quadrado, t de student e regressão logística binomial (p<0,05). Sintomas depressivos associaram-se com sintomas ansiosos e autolesão. Maior risco para uso e consumo de álcool, autolesão, autopercepção de saúde negativa, ansiedade e depressão em relação ao sexo feminino. Os achados desta população sugerem resultados preocupantes de saúde, sobretudo para o sexo feminino. (AU)

Las conductas de riesgo son comunes en la adolescencia y demuestran una asociación con síntomas depresivos. Considerando las implicaciones psicológicas para la salud de esta fase en la vida adulta, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar asociaciones entre síntomas depresivos y consumo de alcohol y marihuana, autolesión, autopercepción de salud, satisfacción con la vida, ansiedad e ideación suicida en adolescentes. Participaron 298 adolescentes de 12 a 14 años (61,1% niñas). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario traducido Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC - BR) y el Inventario de Depresión Infantil (CDI). Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado, t de Student y regresión logística binomial (p<0,05). Los síntomas depresivos se asociaron con síntomas de ansiedad y autolesiones. Mayor riesgo de uso y consumo de alcohol, autolesiones, autopercepción negativa de la salud, ansiedad y depresión en relación con el sexo femenino. Los hallazgos de esta población sugieren resultados de salud preocupantes, especialmente para las mujeres. (AU)

Balance decisional sobre el uso del condón asociado a la conducta sexual de riesgo en universitarios / Decisional balance of condom use associated with risky sexual behavior in university students

Resumen La adquisición de alguna Infección de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) y los embarazos no planificados son riesgos a los que se enfrentan los jóvenes ante la decisión de no usar condón al tener relaciones sexuales. La aproximación del balance decisional enfatiza qué costos y beneficios están asociados a la conducta sexual de riesgo. Las decisiones acerca del uso del condón son un precursor de la conducta y este proceso puede estar influido por los beneficios que se perciban sobre él. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la relación de las ganancias y pérdidas del uso del condón con la conducta sexual de riesgo. Se evaluó la conducta sexual de riesgo y el uso del condón masculino en sus relaciones sexuales. Se midieron las ganancias y las pérdidas del condón con una escala de medición, en una muestra de 257 universitarios, con una edad entre 18 y 39 años (. = 22.34; DE = 3.6) de Querétaro, México. La evaluación del balance decisional indica que las ganancias son mayores que las pérdidas (costos) del uso consistente del condón en las relaciones sexuales. Se encontraron asociaciones entre las ganancias y las pérdidas con indicadores de la conducta sexual de riesgo. Se observa que los universitarios que no utilizan condón manifiestan mayores pérdidas por utilizarlo. En las ganancias, se aprecia un aumento en las puntuaciones cuando se usa condón. Lo encontrado provee apoyo para el desarrollo de intervenciones que promuevan las ganancias o beneficios para incrementar el uso consistente del condón.

Abstract The acquisition of a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) and unplanned pregnancies are risks that young people deal when deciding not to use a condom when having sexual intercourse. During the decision-making process, individuals value the benefits (gains) and losses (costs) associated with a behavior. Cost-benefit analysis has been investigated to examine the differential impact of gains and losses on risky behaviours. The decisional balance approach emphasizes that costs and benefits are associated with risky sexual behavior. Decisions about condom use are a precursor to behavior, and this process may be influenced by perceived benefits. In the present study, it is proposed that the balance between the benefit and the loss of condom use contributes to consistent condom use. These factors as determinants of behaviour must be considered under the cultural context in which they are carried out. The objective of this research is to identify the relationship of gains and losses from condom use with risky sexual behaviour. It was hypothesized that: 1) Young people will evaluate the benefits (gains) with higher scores compared to the losses (costs) in deciding to use a condom in sexual intercourse. 2) The gains will be greater in those college students who use a condom more frequently and the losses will not be the same among those who use a condom. To evaluate risky sexual behavior and the use of the male condom in their sexual relations were considered. Condom gains and losses were measured with a measurement scale in a sample of 257 university students, aged between 18 and 39 years (. = 22.34; SD = 3.6) from Querétaro, México. With reference to sexual behavior, it was found that 89.1 % have started their sexual activity. The average age of initiation of sexual life is 15.41 years. The frequency of sexual activity is once or twice each month. The mean of sexual partners is 4.2, with a median of 3. The 68.5 % reported using some contraceptive method and regarding the use of condoms, 27.8 % always use it and 5.7 % never use it. To evaluate the decisional balance, subtracting the gain and loss factors created a net difference score. The gain factor was subtracted from its counterpart of the loss factor to indicate the preference for having sex with a condom. The decisional balance assessment indicates that the gains are greater than the losses (costs) of consistent condom use in sexual intercourse. Associations were found between gains and losses with indicators of risky sexual behavior. It is observed that university students who do not use a condom show greater losses from using it. In gains, there is an increase in scores when using a condom. Additionally, it is observed that university students, who sometimes use a condom, show greater losses for using it, unlike those who always use it, which show low scores in the losses of using it. In gains factor, there is an increase in the scores when using a condom, that is, those who never or almost never use a condom have the lowest scores and as the scores increase, the frequency of using a condom in their sexual relations also increases. In conclusion, gains and losses from male condom use are associated with risky sexual behavior (age of sexual activity, number of partners and condom use) in the university context. The findings provide support for the development of interventions that promote gains or benefits to increase consistent condom use. It is important to consider in specific interventions those young people who decide to continue having sex without using a condom despite the costs and possible consequences of not using it.

Prática e incentivo paterno a dietas podem predizer comportamentos de risco relacionados a transtornos alimentares? Uma revisão sistemática / Practicing and encouraging the use of diets by the father can predict risk behaviors for eating disorders? A systematic review

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar se a modelagem paterna, quanto à prática e/ou ao incentivo a dietas, pode predizer comportamentos de risco relacionados a transtornos alimentares (TAs) em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática dos estudos publicados até junho de 2022, disponíveis nas bases de dados indexadas — como PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, SciELO e Cochrane Library. Estudos transversais e longitudinais em línguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa foram incluídos e avaliados quanto ao risco de viés de acordo com a NewCastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale . Resultados: Quatorze estudos foram considerados na revisão. A maioria deles é transversal (71,4%), proveniente dos Estados Unidos e de países europeus (57,1%), além de apresentar baixo risco de viés (85,7%). Grande parte dos trabalhos encontrou associações entre o incentivo a dietas por parte dos pais (modelagem direta) e comportamentos de risco em crianças e adolescentes, como o uso de métodos de controle de peso, a insatisfação corporal e a restrição alimentar. Poucos estudos relacionaram o hábito de o pai fazer dieta (modelagem indireta) com esses comportamentos. Conclusões: Os dados embasam a ideia de que a modelagem direta, ou seja, o incentivo verbal ao uso de dietas, pode ser muito danosa, principalmente em indivíduos que têm preocupações excessivas com peso e alimentação. Futuras pesquisas são necessárias para avaliar o impacto das práticas alimentares parentais e o desenvolvimento de possíveis ações de prevenção a problemas relacionados ao peso.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess whether parental modeling, regarding the practice and/or encouragement of diets, can predict risk behaviors related to eating disorders (EDs) in children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review of studies published until June 2022, available in indexed databases - such as PubMed, Virtual Health Library, SciELO and Cochrane Library, was carried out. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in Portuguese, Spanish and English were included and assessed for risk of bias according to the NewCastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Fourteen studies were considered in the review. Most of them are cross-sectional (71.4%), coming from the United States and European countries (57.1%), in addition to presenting a low risk of bias (85.7%). Most of the studies found associations between parental encouragement of diets (direct modeling) and risk behaviors in children and adolescents, such as the use of weight control methods, body dissatisfaction and food restriction. Few studies have related the father's habit of dieting (indirect modeling) with these behaviors. Conclusions: Data support the idea that direct modeling, that is, verbal encouragement to use diets, can be very harmful, especially to individuals who are excessively concerned about weight and food. Future research is needed to assess the impact of parental eating practices and the development of possible actions to prevent weight-related problems.

Trends in consuming alcoholic beverages among adolescents and young adults of school age: sexes differences

Abstract Objective: To analyze the tendency of alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents and young adults at school age according to their sexes. Methods: This is a trend research study in public schools of the municipality of Petrolina, between 2014 and 2016, with 3146 students aged between 12 and 24 years old. The instrument was constituted by socio-economic inquiry and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Trends were assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended approach. The analyses were conducted using logistic regression, with a statistical significance of 0.05. Results: Close to 56% of the adolescents had already tried some alcoholic beverage, most of which had contact after 13 years of age. The prevalence of binge drinking ranged between 17% and 25%. The percentage of girls who tried alcohol before 13 years old remained similar over the three years (p = 0.943). The prevalence of this behavior was stabilized at around 20%. There was a trend to decrease in the prevalence of boys who reported having tried alcohol before 13 years old (p = 0.014). The percentage of boys who reported involvement in binge drinking in the past 30 days remained stable at around 20% over the years (p = 0.951 ). The girls' data revealed a significant decrease in binge drinking (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The general analysis suggests a trend towards stabilization of consumption among boys, and an increase among girls.

Clustering of health-risk behaviors among children and adolescents in Yancheng City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the clustering of health-risk behaviors and its influencing factors among children and adolescents in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of health-risk behaviors among children and adolescents. @*Methods@#Students were randomly sampled from 4 primary schools, 4 junior high schools and 4 senior high schools in Yancheng City using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from September to December 2021. Students' demographics and 12 health-risk factors including unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity and attempted smoking were collected using the Student's Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and factors affecting the clustering of health-risk behaviors were identified using a multivariable linear regression model.@*Results@#A total of 2 925 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the respondents included 1 611 boys (55.08%) and 1 314 girls (44.92%). A total of 2 896 respondents were detected with health-risk behaviors, with a detection rate of 99.09%, and 2 772 respondents were detected with clustering of health-risk behaviors (93.06%). Insufficient sleep, insufficient physical activity and insufficient duration of outdoor activity were predominant patterns of clustering. The median number of health-risk behaviors was 4.00 (interquartile range, 2.00) per capita. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that boys (β=0.232), grade (junior high school, β=0.519; senior high school, β=0.427), urban area (β=0.241), living at school (β=0.395), family structure (single parental family, β=0.188; other families, β=0.344) and father's education level of primary school and below (β=0.369) were factors affecting clustering of health-risk behavior among primary and high school students. @*Conclusions@#The detection of health-risk behaviors is high among children and adolescents in Yancheng City, and insufficient sleep, insufficient physical activity and insufficient duration of outdoor activity are predominant health-risk behaviors. Boys, junior high school and above, urban areas, living at schools, single parents, and fathers with a low educational level lead to a high degree of clustering of health-risk behaviors.

Consumo de álcool em universitário e sua associação com o comportamento sexual de risco: uma revisão sistemática / Alcohol consumption in college students and its association with risky sexual behavior: a systematic review / Consumo de alcohol en universitarios y su asociación con comportamientos sexuales de riesgo: una revisión sistemática

O consumo de substâncias psicoativas, principalmente o álcool, encontra-se presente em diversos meios de comunicação, geralmente tendo seu uso associado a fatores desejáveis como poder, prazer, sucesso financeiro e sexual. Os jovens universitários quando ingressam em cursos de graduação, demonstram mudanças comportamentais, ocasionadas por novas responsabilidades, além de terem maior contato e oportunidade de uso de álcool, drogas e prática de sexo inseguro. Assim, tornam-se mais vulneráveis aos comportamentos sexuais de risco (CSR), como relação sexual desprotegida, multiplicidade de parceiros e uso de drogas (lícitas ou ilícitas). Os CSR podem ter como consequência as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) e a gravidez não planejada. OBJETIVO: Analisar como o consumo de álcool por universitários, associa-se ao comportamento sexual de risco desses indivíduos. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática em que a busca de artigos para pesquisa ocorreu no mês de agosto de 2022 nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, resultando em 313 artigos, que após os critérios de inclusão e exclusão resultaram em 22 artigos para o desenvolvimento do estudo. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se um alto nível de consumo de álcool entre os universitários, com elevada propensão à comportamentos sexuais de risco, principalmente não utilizar preservativos e múltiplos parceiros sexuais. CONCLUSÃO: Existe associação entre o consumo de álcool e o comportamento sexual de risco entre os acadêmicos e que existe à necessidade de uma intervenção para conscientizar e educar esses jovens à respeito da disseminação de IST's.

The consumption of psychoactive substances, especially alcohol, is pre- sent in various media, usually associated with desirable factors such as power, pleasure, financial and sexual success. Young college students, when entering undergraduate cour- ses, show behavioral changes caused by new responsibilities, besides having greater con- tact and opportunity to use alcohol, drugs and unsafe sex. Thus, they become more vulnerable to risky sexual behavior (SCOR), such as unprotected sexual intercourse, mul- tiple partners, and drug use (licit or illicit). RSCs can result in sexually transmitted infec- tions (STIs) and unintended pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze how alcohol consump- tion by college students is associated with risky sexual behavior. METHODOLOGY: This is a systematic review in which the search for articles for research occurred in August 2022 in the LILACS, SciELO and PubMed databases, resulting in 313 articles, which after inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 22 articles for the development of the study. RESULTS: We found a high level of alcohol consumption among college students, with a high propensity for risky sexual behavior, especially not using condoms and mul- tiple sexual partners. CONCLUSION: There is an association between alcohol consump- tion and risky sexual behavior among students, and there is a need for an intervention to educate these young people about the spread of STIs.

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, especialmente alcohol, está presente en diversos medios de comunicación, generalmente asociado a factores deseables como poder, placer, éxito financiero y sexual. Los jóvenes universitarios, al ingresar en los cursos de graduación, demuestran cambios de comportamiento, causados por nuevas responsabilidades, además de tener mayor contacto y oportunidad de consumir alcohol, drogas y sexo inseguro. Así, se vuelven más vulnerables a los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo (CSR), como las relaciones sexuales sin protección, las parejas múltiples y el consumo de drogas (lícitas o ilícitas). Los CSR pueden provocar infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y embarazos no deseados. OBJETIVO: Analizar cómo se asocia el consumo de alcohol por parte de los estudiantes universitarios con las conductas sexuales de riesgo. METODOLOGÍA: Se trata de una revisión sistemática en la cual la búsqueda de artículos para investigación ocurrió en agosto de 2022 en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO y PubMed, resultando en 313 artículos, que después de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión resultaron en 22 artículos para el desarrollo del estudio. RESULTADOS: Se observó un alto consumo de alcohol entre los universitarios, con alta propensión a comportamientos sexuales de riesgo, especialmente el no uso de preservativo y la multiplicidad de parejas sexuales. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y las conductas sexuales de riesgo entre los estudiantes universitarios y que es necesaria una inter- vención para educar a estos jóvenes sobre el contagio de las ITS.

Suicide risk in high school students: who are the most vulnerable groups? / Risco de suicídio em estudantes do ensino médio: quem são os grupos mais vulneráveis?

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among high school students from a federal educational institution in Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on a census of students (n=510) enrolled in IFRS, campus Rio Grande, in the second half of 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide risk was measured with the instrument Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. Results: The prevalence of high suicide risk was 17.3% (95% confidence interval — 95%CI 14.0-20.0), with the following independent associated factors: female gender, higher socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, less social support, attempt to lose weight, self-harm behavior, and increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: One in six students showed a high suicide risk. The identification of factors associated with the outcome is useful for detecting the most severe cases and referring them to specialized care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao risco de suicídio em estudantes do ensino médio de uma instituição federal de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com base em um censo de estudantes (n=510) matriculados no IFRS, Campus Rio Grande, no segundo semestre de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável. O risco de suicídio foi medido com o instrumento Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview e a análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência do risco alto de suicídio foi de 17,3% (intervalo de confiança — IC95% 14,0-20,0), tendo como fatores independentemente associados: sexo feminino, maior nível socioeconômico, consumo de álcool, menor suporte social, tentativa de perder peso, comportamento autolesivo e maior risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Conclusões: Um em cada seis estudantes apresentou elevado risco de suicídio. A identificação dos fatores associados ao desfecho é útil para identificar os casos mais graves e encaminhá-los para atendimento especializado.

Problemas emocionales, personalidad oscura, sexting y grooming en adolescentes: el rol del género y la edad / Emotional Problems, Dark Personality, Sexting and Grooming in Adolescents: the role of Gender and Age

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar si los problemas emocionales (depresión y ansiedad) y la Personalidad Oscura eran predictores del sexting y el grooming, y si este comportamiento varía según el género y la edad. Se constituyó una muestra de 728 adolescentes entre 11 y 18 años (38% hombres) de tres escuelas secundarias privadas ubicadas en Buenos Aires y Paraná, Argentina. Completaron un Cuestionario de sexting, el Cuestionario de Solicitación e Interacción Sexual a menores online por parte de adultos para evaluar el comportamiento de grooming, la Escala de síntomas psicosomáticos de Rosenberg, el Inventario de depresión de Kovacs para niños y el Dirty Dozen para los rasgos de Personalidad Oscura. Los resultados mostraron que 12% de los adolescentes admitió haber padecido una conducta de grooming. Las formas más frecuentes fueron el envío de mensajes escritos de carácter sexual (11%) y fotos (10%) y luego, en orden de frecuencia, el envío de videos (4%), pero no se detectaron diferencias por género. Los predictores significativos de sexting y el tamaño de su varianza explicada variaban según el género (R² = 47% para mujeres y R² = 12% para hombres, respectivamente). En el caso de las mujeres, mayor edad y puntajes de psicopatía fueron predictores significativos, y en el de los hombres, menor ansiedad fue el predictor significativo. Un modelo estructural explicó una varianza del 6% para el sexting y 21% para el grooming, indicando que no hubo invarianza, según el género. Las regresiones lineales para predecir el grooming a partir del sexting también sugirieron que el género moderaba esta relación.

Abstract The present study aimed to study if emotional problems (depression and anxiety) and Dark Personality were predictors of sexting and grooming, and if this behavior differs by gender and age. A sample of 728 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age (38% male) from three private high schools located in Buenos Aires and Paraná, Argentina, was drawn. They completed a Sexting questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Online Sexual Solicitation and Interaction of Minors with Adults for grooming behavior, Rosenberg Scale of Psychosomatic Symptoms, the Kovacs Depression Inventory for Children and the Dirty Dozen for dark personality traits. Results showed that 12% of adolescents admitted having carried out a sexting behavior. Sending written messages of a sexual nature (11%) and photos (10%) were the most prevalent ways, followed by videos (4%), but no differences were detected according to gender. Significant predictors of sexting and the size of its explained variance ranged by gender (R² = 47% for females and R² = 12% for men, respectively). In the case of females, older age and psychopathy were the significant predictors. In the case of males, less anxiety was the significant predictors. A structural model explained a variance of 6% for sexting and 21% for grooming, indicating that there was no inavariance, according to gender. Linear regressions to predict grooming from sexting also suggested this relationship was moderated by gender.

Use of MeNTS, Frailty and Symptom Scales for selecting surgical patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective study / Uso de escalas MeNTS, Fragilidad y Síntomas para la selección de pacientes quirúrgicos durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2: Estudio retrospectivo

Abstract Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the cancellation of non-emergent surgeries in order to optimize the use of resources. Once the elective medical services are restored, a technical and ethical strategy becomes critical to select candidate patients for elective surgery. Objective: To describe the results from the implementation of MeNTS (Medically Necessary Time-sensitive Procedures), FI-CGA, and survey on COVID-19 symptoms Scales, as methods for the selection of patients who were candidates for elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in a third level institution in Cali, Colombia. Methods: The databases of the results on the administration of MeNTS, frailty index (FI-CGA) and COVID 19 symptoms scales in patients who were candidates for elective surgery in a third level clinic in Cali city, between March 1st and August 31st, 2020 were reviewed. Results: A total of 1,044 patients were included, of which 647 (62.0 %) were females, with a median age of52 years (interquartile range [IQR] 38-62). 98 % of the patients were asymptomatic, the overall median score for MeNTS was 48 (IQR 44-52) and the average for FI-CGA was 0.0 (standard deviation 0.1). Conclusions: MeNTS, FI-CGA and the Symptoms Survey are easily accessible scales amidst the pandemic and are helpful to select patients with intermediate and low risk of perioperative morbidity in elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and to clarify the potential of these tools in the selection of patients that meet the high-risk criteria.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha ocasionado la suspensión de cirugías no urgentes con el fin de optimizar los recursos. Una vez los servicios médicos electivos son restablecidos, es fundamental disponer de una estrategia técnica y ética para la selección de los pacientes candidatos a cirugía electiva. Objetivo: Describir los resultados observados durante la implementación de las escalas MeNTS (Medically Necessary Time-sensitive Procedures), IF-VIG y Encuesta de síntomas para COVID-19, como métodos de selección de pacientes candidatos a cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en una institución de nivel tres en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Metodología: Se revisaron las bases de datos de los resultados de la aplicación de escalas de MeNTS, índice de fragilidad (IF-VIG) y los síntomas para COVID 19, en pacientes candidatos a cirugía electiva en una clínica de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Cali, entre marzo 1 y agosto 31 del 2020. Resultados: En total 1.044 pacientes fueron incluidos, de los cuales 647 (62,0 %) fueron mujeres con una mediana de edad de 52 años (rango intercuartil [RIC] 38-62). El 98 % de los pacientes estuvieron asintomáticos, la mediana general de la puntuación total de MeNTS fue 48 (RIC 44-52) y el promedio para IF-VIG fue de 0,0 (desviación estándar 0,1). Conclusiones: MeNTS, IF-VIG y Encuesta de síntomas, son escalas fácilmente accesibles durante tiempos de pandemia y son de utilidad para seleccionar pacientes de riesgo intermedio y bajo de morbilidad perioperatoria en cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Se requieren futuros estudios para confirmar estos hallazgos y para clarificar su potencial en la selección de pacientes con criterios que los definan como de riesgo alto.

Relação entre saúde mental e uso de substâncias psicoativas em escolares / Relationship between mental health and use of psychoactive substances in students / Relación entre salud mental y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en escolares

Resumo A adolescência é uma fase do desenvolvimento de grande exposição e vulnerabilidade a comportamentos de risco, como os relacionados às substâncias psicoativas. Devido ao elevado número de usuários e a experimentação precoce dessas substâncias, há um interesse crescente em identificar os fatores de risco e mecanismos subjacentes associados a esse comportamento. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca analisar a relação entre o estado de saúde mental e a experimentação e frequência do uso de drogas lícitas (álcool e tabaco) em escolares. Foram consideradas três variáveis de saúde mental: insônia, solidão e ausência de amigos. Com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015, o modelo de regressão logit ordenado foi estimado. As características individuais, o contexto familiar e a região de residência foram incluídas no modelo como covariáveis. Observou-se uma menor probabilidade de nunca ter experimentado substâncias psicoativas, tanto álcool quanto cigarro, em escolares que se sentem sozinhos e apresentam dificuldades para dormir. Além disso, solidão e insônia foram relacionadas com maior frequência ao uso dessas substâncias. Tais resultados fornecem evidências da importância de integrar a saúde mental às políticas públicas e práticas educativas de prevenção e redução do uso de substâncias psicoativas na adolescência.

Abstract Adolescence is a developmental stage of great exposure and vulnerability to risk behaviors, such as those related to psychoactive substances. Given the high number of users and early experimentation of these substances, there is a growing interest in identifying the risk factors and underlying mechanisms associated with this behavior. In this regard, this work aims to analyze the relationship between mental health status and the experimentation and frequency of legal drug use (alcohol and tobacco) among students. We included three variables of mental health, insomnia, loneliness and lack of friends. Using data from the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), the ordered logit regression model was estimated. Individual characteristics, family context and region were included in the model as covariates. It was observed that students who feel alone and have sleep issues are less likely to have never used psychoactive substances, both alcohol and cigarettes. Furthermore, loneliness and insomnia were associated with higher frequency of substance use. These findings provide evidence of the importance of integrating mental health into public policies and school-based interventions to prevent and reduce the use of substances among adolescents.

Resumen La adolescencia es una etapa del desarrollo de gran exposición y vulnerabilidad a conductas de riesgo, como las relacionadas con las sustancias psicoactivas. Debido al elevado número de consumidores y a la temprana experimentación con estas sustancias, hay un creciente interés por identificar los factores de riesgo y los mecanismos subyacentes asociados a esta conducta. En ese sentido, este artículo busca analizar la relación entre el estado de la salud mental y la experimentación y la frecuencia de uso de drogas legales (alcohol y tabaco) en escolares. Para ello se consideraron tres variables de salud mental: insomnio, soledad y ausencia de amistades. Con base en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015, se estimó el modelo de regresión logit ordenado. Las características individuales, el contexto familiar y la región se incluyeron en el modelo como covariables. Se observó una menor probabilidad de no haber probado nunca sustancias psicoactivas legales (alcohol o cigarrillos) en escolares que se sienten solos y tienen dificultades para dormir. Además, la soledad y el insomnio se asociaron con una mayor frecuencia de uso de drogas. Estos resultados evidencian la importancia de integrar la salud mental en las políticas públicas y las prácticas educativas para prevenir y reducir el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la adolescencia.

Excessive use of social media by high school students in southern Brazil / Uso excessivo de redes sociais por estudantes de ensino médio do sul do Brasil

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of excessive use of social media and associated factors, as well as possible health consequences in high school students in southern Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with high school students in the city of Rio Grande, RS. All students who were attending high school at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, were eligible for this research in the second semester of 2019. In total, 513 students participated in the study. The dependent variable was excessive use of social media, defined as more than five hours per day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out and the Poisson regression was used to verify associations, with robust adjustment of variance. Results: The prevalence of students who reported excessive use of social media was 35.9%. The groups that were most susceptible to excessive use of social media had the following profile: female, black/brown skin, aged between 18 and 20 years old, attending the first year of high school. Excessive use of social media was shown to be associated with smoking, risk of depression, anxiety and stress, high risk of suicide and drug use. Conclusions: More than a third of students used social media excessively. This behavior was associated with negative health outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do uso excessivo de redes sociais e identificar os seus fatores associados em estudantes do ensino médio do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram elegíveis para esta pesquisa todos os estudantes que estavam cursando o ensino médio no Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, no 2º semestre de 2019. No total, 513 alunos participaram do estudo. A variável dependente deste estudo foi o uso excessivo de redes sociais, definido como mais de cinco horas por dia. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas e, para verificar as associações, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência de estudantes que relataram uso excessivo de redes sociais foi de 35,9%. Os grupos mais suscetíveis a usar excessivamente as redes sociais foram: sexo feminino, cor de pele preta/parda e faixa etária entre 18 e 20 anos. Houve associação entre uso excessivo de redes sociais com tabagismo, risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, risco elevado de suicídio e uso de drogas. Conclusões: Mais de um terço dos estudantes usava em excesso as redes sociais. Esse comportamento esteve associado com desfechos negativos em saúde.

Avaliação do comportamento de risco de graduandos de Medicina em uma universidade de Alagoas / Evaluation of the risk behavior of Medical students at a university in Alagoas

Resumo: Introdução: Os comportamentos de risco à saúde surgem regularmente nas fases iniciais da vida de uma pessoa e representam um grande catalisador para o desenvolvimento de outras doenças. Nesse sentido, diversos grupos sociais vivenciam diferentes contextos, valores, ambientes e condições de vida que condicionam o estabelecimento de certos comportamentos que podem ser prejudiciais a eles. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como finalidade avaliar o comportamento de risco de graduandos de Medicina de uma universidade de Alagoas. Método: Para tal, aplicou-se o Questionário de Comportamentos de Risco nos Estudantes Universitários (QREU) que consiste em 24 questões que avaliam seis categorias de comportamentos, a saber: uso de tabaco; consumo de álcool e outras drogas; comportamentos sexuais de risco; hábitos alimentares; inatividade física; e direção perigosa. As respostas foram categorizadas e apresentadas como frequências relativas e absolutas; processaram-se e analisaram-se os dados no software SPSS. Resultado: Dos acadêmicos de Medicina matriculados durante o período de coleta, 134 (44,66%) responderam ao questionário. Observou-se diferença estatística entre "tabagismo diário" (p = 0,01), "tranquilizantes sem consentimento médico" (p = 0,03) e "uso de preservativos" (p = 0,01) na análise univariável dos anos de curso. Já em relação ao agrupamento das variáveis sociodemográficas, observou-se diferença estatística em "uso de preservativos" (p = 0,02). Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos com relação ao comportamento de risco no grupo estudado apontam uma alerta de conscientização sobre o uso de métodos preventivos de investigação e a realização de futuros trabalhos que envolvam transformações no comportamento de risco dos jovens brasileiros.

Abstract: Introduction: Health risk behaviors often begin in the early stages of a person's life, and represent a major catalyst for the development of other diseases. In this regard, different social groups experience several contexts, values, environments and living conditions, which lead to the establishment of certain behaviors that can be harmful to themselves. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the risk behavior of medical students at a university in Alagoas. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk behavior of medical students at a university in Alagoas. To this end, the Questionnaire on Risk Behavior in University Students (QREU) was applied. It consisted of twenty-four questions, which assess six categories of behavior, namely: use of tobacco; consumption of alcohol and other drugs; risky sexual behaviors; eating habits; physical inactivity; and dangerous driving. The responses were categorized, presented as relative and absolute frequencies; the data were processed and analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: Of the medical students enrolled during the data collection period, 134 (44.66%) responded to the questionnaires. There was a statistical difference between "daily smoking" (p=0.01), "tranquilizers without medical consent" (p=0.03) and "use of condoms" (p=0.01), in the univariate analysis of the years of course. Regarding the grouping of sociodemographic variables, there was a statistical difference in "condom use" (p=0.02). Conclusion: Therefore, the minor observations verified in relation to the risk behavior in the studied group, indicate a warning to raise the awareness about the use of preventive investigation methods and the execution of future works involving changes in the risk behavior of Brazilian youngsters.

Modificações do consumo de cigarros e bebidas alcoólicas em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná: um estudo longitudinal / Changes in tobacco and alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents from Curitiba in the State of Paraná: a longitudinal study

Resumo A presente investigação objetivou verificar modificações no consumo de cigarro e álcool em uma amostra de adolescentes do sistema estadual de ensino da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil entre 2015 e 2017. Estudo longitudinal de coorte prospectivo realizado com 799 adolescentes, entre 11 e 15 anos. O consumo leve e excessivo de álcool e de cigarro foram avaliados através do questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Modificações do consumo de álcool e cigarro foram avaliadas através de modelos de Equação de Estimação Generalizável com distribuição de Poisson para obtenção de razões de taxas de incidência (RTI) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A variável "tempo" foi tratada como variável independente, juntamente com demais possíveis preditores (sexo, faixa etária, estado nutricional, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade do chefe da família, atividade física e tempo em tela). O consumo de cigarros (RTI= 1,32, IC95%= 1,02; 1,71), consumo leve (RTI= 1,32, IC95%= 1,13; 1,53) e excessivo de álcool (RTI= 1,21, IC95%= 1,04; 1,40) cresceram significativamente entre 2015 e 2017. O presente estudo denota que os adolescentes participantes desta investigação estão modificando seus comportamentos em direção a um estilo de vida menos saudável.

Abstract The scope of this study was to verify alterations in cigarette and alcohol consumption in a sample of adolescents from the state education system of the city of Curitiba in the State of Paraná between 2015 and 2017. It involved a longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted with 799 adolescents (11 to 15 years of age) between 2015 and 2017. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) questionnaire evaluated mild and excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. Modifications of alcohol and tobacco consumption were evaluated through Generalizable Estimating Equation (GEE) models with Poisson distribution to obtain Incidence Risk Ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The "time" variable was treated as an independent variable along with other possible predictors (gender, age bracket, nutritional status, socioeconomic level, head of household education, physical activity and screen time). Tobacco consumption (IRR= 1,32, 95%CI = 1,02; 1,71), mild (IRR= 1,32, 95%CI = 1,13; 1,53) and excessive (IRR= 1,21, 95%CI = 1,04; 1,40) alcohol consumption increased between 2015 and 2017. This study indicates that adolescents participating in this research are modifying their behaviors towards a less healthy lifestyle.

Factors associated with risk behaviors in adolescence: a systematic review

Objective: Understanding the distal (≤ 6 years of age) and proximal (between 6 years of age and early adolescence) factors in adolescent risk behavior is important for preventing and reducing morbidity and mortality in this population. This study sought to investigate the factors associated with the following adolescent risk behaviors: i) aggressiveness and violence, ii) tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance use, iii) depressive behavior and self-harm (including suicidal ideation and attempts), iv) sexual risk behavior, and v) multiple risk behavior. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify longitudinal studies that examined factors associated with adolescent risk behaviors. The PubMed, PsycINFO, and LILACS databases were searched. Results: Of the 249 included studies, 23% reported distal risk factors, while the remaining reported proximal risk factors. Risk factors were related to sociodemographic characteristics (neighborhood, school, and peers), family patterns, and the presence of other adolescent risk behaviors. Conclusion: Distal and proximal factors in adolescent risk behavior that are not exclusively socioeconomic, familial, environmental, or social should be explored more thoroughly.

Intervención neuropsicológica para la modificación de la conducta de riesgo sexual y de la función reproductiva en adolescentes / Neuropsychological intervention for the modification of sexual risk behavior and reproductive function in adolescents / Intervenção neuropsicológica para a modificação do comportamento sexual de risco e função reprodutiva em adolescentes

RESUMEN Se realizóuna revisión sobre el objeto de estudio: los métodos de modificación de la conducta de riesgo sexual y de la función reproductiva en adolescentes. A juzgar por la cantidad de publicaciones en este campo, se podría afirmar engañosamente que este tópico ha sido exhaustivamente estudiado, sin embargo, sólo hay limitada información sobre las intervenciones neuropsicológicas, por lo que los investigadores se propusieron diseñar y validar un modelo de intervención neuropsicológica para la modificación de la conducta de riesgo sexual y de la función reproductiva en adolescentes. Para ello se modeló una intervención original mediante el condicionamiento operante, que se someterá a evaluación de expertos, y luego se validará experimentalmente en el policlínico No 3 de Manzanillo, en el período comprendido desde enero del 2021 hasta enero del 2023. El universo estará formado por adolescentes entre las edades de 15 a 17años con conducta de riesgo sexual y de la función reproductiva, las unidades muestrales se seleccionarán por el método aleatorio simple. La prueba estadística a usar será el Cross over y la prueba de los signos para probar los cambios en variables relevantes de la conducta antes y después de intervenir. El método de análisis histórico lógico permitió identificar un problema científico trascendente: Existen insuficiencias en los métodos para la modificación de la conducta de riesgo sexual y la función reproductiva en adolescentes. Se expone el modelo de intervención neuropsicológica y la metodología integral de validación.

ABSTRACT A review was carried out on the object of study: The methods of modifying sexual risk behavior and reproductive function in adolescents. Judging from the number of publications in this field, it could be misleadingly stated that this topic has been extensively studied, however, there is only limited information on neuropsychological interventions. Therefore, the researchers set out to design and validate a neuropsychological intervention model for modifying sexual risk behavior and reproductive function in adolescents. For this, an original intervention was modeled through operant conditioning, which will be subject to expert evaluation, and then will be experimentally validated at the Manzanillo polyclinic No. 3, in the period from January 2021 to January 2023. The universe will be made up of adolescents between the ages of 15 to 17 years with sexual risk behavior and reproductive function, the sample units will be selected by the simple random method. The statistical test to be used will be the Cross over and the test of the signs to test the changes in relevant variables of the behavior before and after the intervention. The logical historical analysis method allowed the identification of a transcendent scientific problem: There are shortcomings in the methods for modifying sexual risk behavior and reproductive function in adolescents. The neuropsychological intervention model and the comprehensive validation methodology are exposed.

RESUMO Foi realizada uma revisão sobre o objeto de estudo: Os métodos de modificação do comportamento sexual de risco e da função reprodutiva em adolescentes. A julgar pelo número de publicações neste campo, pode ser erroneamente declarado que este tópico foi extensivamente estudado, no entanto, há apenas informações limitadas sobre intervenções neuropsicológicas. Portanto, os pesquisadores se propuseram a projetar e validar um modelo de intervenção neuropsicológica para modificar o comportamento sexual de risco e a função reprodutiva em adolescentes. Para isso, foi modelada uma intervenção original por meio de condicionamento operante, que será submetida à avaliação de especialistas, e a seguir será validada experimentalmente na policlínica de Manzanillo nº 3, no período de janeiro de 2021 a janeiro de 2023. O universo será formado por adolescentes de 15 a 17 anos com comportamento sexual de risco e função reprodutiva, as unidades amostrais serão selecionadas pelo método aleatório simples. O teste estatístico a ser utilizado será o Cross over e o teste dos sinais para testar as alterações nas variáveis ​​relevantes do comportamento antes e depois da intervenção. O método lógico de análise histórica permitiu a identificação de um problema científico transcendente: Existem lacunas nos métodos para modificar o comportamento sexual de risco e a função reprodutiva em adolescentes. O modelo de intervenção neuropsicológica e a metodologia de validação abrangente são expostos.

Conductas de riesgo para la salud en adolescentes escolarizados del municipio de Tabio, Colombia / Health-risk behaviors in school-based adolescents in Tabio, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivos Identificar los comportamientos de riesgo para la salud y describir su relación con las características sociodemográficas en los adolescentes de un colegio del municipio de Tabio, provincia de Sabana Centro, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Metodología Estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal en población adolescente escolar de 14 a 19 años, durante el año 2018, elegidos por medio de muestreo por conveniencia. Se obtuvo información mediante el cuestionario en español de la herramienta RAAPS (Rapid Assessment for Adolescent Preventive Services), que evaluó los comportamientos de riesgo, previa firma de consentimiento y asentimiento informado. Se realizó análisis estadístico en el programa STATA versión 14.0. Resultados Se incluyó una muestra de 217 estudiantes, con edad promedio de 15,8 años (53% mujeres y 47% hombres). La mayoría de zona rural y estrato 2. Dentro de los comportamientos de riesgo detectados se destacan la falta de uso de cinturón de seguridad y casco en casi la mitad de los participantes, síntomas de tristeza en 37,3% (que afecta más a las mujeres), consumo de alcohol en el 45,2% y actividad sexual en el 30,9% (son más frecuentes en el grupo de 17 a 19 años y en el sexo masculino). Conclusión Los hallazgos confirman la presencia de comportamientos de riesgo para la salud en los adolescentes de la población estudiada, que deben ser intervenidos a través de estrategias preventivas efectivas y que alertan sobre la necesidad de implementar un sistema periódico de vigilancia.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify health-risk behavior and describe their correlation with sociodemo-graphic characteristics in a group of adolescents from a school located in Tabio, Sabana Centro, Cundinamarca. Methodology A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in school adoles-cents from 14 to 19 years of age during 2018; chosen by convenience sampling. The information was collected using the Spanish version of the RAAPS questionnaire (Rapid assessment for preventive services for adolescents) that assesses risk behaviors, signing of informed consent and assent prior. The statistical analysis was performed in the STATA program, version 14.0. Results A sample of 217 students was included, the average age was 15.8 years, 53% were women and 47% were men, most of them from the rural area and socioeconomic status 2. Among the main risk behaviors were never wearing a belt of safety or helmet in almost half of the adolescents, symptoms of sadness in 37.3% with higher prevalence in women, alcohol consumption in 45.2% and sexual activity in 30.9%, both being more fre-quent in the group of 17 to 19 years old and male. Conclusion The results confirmed the presence of health risk behaviors in the adolescents of studied population, who must be intervened through effective preventive strategies and warn about the need to implement a periodic surveillance system.

Size estimation of MSM population in Pudong New Area using new media technology / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the use of new media technology to estimate the size of the online MSM population in Pudong New Area, to understand the frequency of new media software use, HIV testing and high-risk behavior, and to provide a basis for AIDS prevention and control. Methods The online MSM registration information in Pudong New Area was collected through a gay dating APP. At five time points on March 28 and April 11, 2019, MSM who logged into the gay dating APP were counted. The MSM were confirmed by comparing the login name and registration information. The capture-recapture (C-R) method was used to calculate the MSM population size. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the online MSM. Results The MSM population size in Pudong New Area was estimated at 13 174 [95% CI: 9,672~16,676] through the C-R method. The proportion of multiple sexual partners accounted for 72.5%. According to the ordered multi-classification logistics analysis, age, education level, experience of attending a talk on AIDS, and experience of receiving AIDS publicity and education in the VCT clinic were the influencing factors of AIDS awareness. Conclusion New media technology provided new technical means for estimating the size of MSM population. The MSM population’s awareness of AIDS risk and prevention still needs to be strengthened. It is worthy of further studies on the role of new media technology in AIDS prevention and health education in the future.

The influence of alexithymia on risk behavior of college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the current situation of college students′ risk behavior and its relationship with alexithymia.Methods:A total of 992 college students from two colleges in Jiangxi Province were investigated with evaluation scale for risk behaviors of teenagers and Toronto alexithymia scale. SPSS 17.0 software was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis.Results:Evaluation scale for risk behaviors showed that 15.2% of college students had at least one risk behavior factor scored more than 3, and 1.0% had at least one factor scored more than 4. The scores of bad habits and extroversion behavior question of boys((1.72±0.50), (1.61±0.56)) were significantly higher than those of girls ((1.66±0.38), (1.45±0.40), t=2.205, P=0.028, t=5.020, P<0.01), and the scores of introversion behavior question and academic maladjustment of girls ((2.13±0.56), (2.51±0.53)) were significantly higher than those of boys ((1.97±0.62), (2.39±0.63), t=-4.157, P<0.01, t=-3.282, P=0.001). The four factors of risk behaviors were positively correlated with each other (0.497-0.673), and the risk behaviors of college students were clustered. There were significant differences in the total score of risk behaviors ((2.28±0.43), (1.99±0.37), (1.71±0.36)), introversion behavior question ((2.60±0.54), (2.17±0.49), (1.80±0.50)), bad habits ((1.95±0.49), (1.73±0.38), (1.54±0.36)), academic maladjustment ((2.82±0.52), (2.57±0.50), (2.25±0.54)) and extroversion behavior question ((1.72±0.56), (1.57±0.46), (1.37±0.38)) in alexithymia group, possible alexithymia group and non alexithymia group( F=157.252, 172.027, 75.654, 85.424, 45.604, all P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that alexithymia could predict college students′ risk behaviors. Conclusion:Taking effective measures to reduce the level of alexithymia can reduce the occurrence of risk behaviors of college students.

Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students / Fatores associados ao uso atual de tabaco entre adolescentes e jovens escolares

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and its association with sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors among adolescents and young students, according to gender. Methods: The sample consisted of students from the state public school network aged between 12 and 24 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (v. 20.0), using Poisson regression to evaluate the prevalence ratio (PR) of the independent variables in relation to the outcome. p < 0.05 was established as the significance level. Results: The final analysis consisted of 1275 adolescents, of whom 716 (56.2%) were girls and 559 (43.8%) were boys. The prevalence of current tobacco use was 6.6% among girls and 9.7% among boys. In females, consuming alcohol in the last 30 days (3.91 [1.54-9.94]) and being 14 years old or younger (0.50 [0.26-0.96]) influenced current tobacco use. In the male gender, tobacco use in the last 30 days was influenced by current alcohol consumption (2.92 [1.21-7.08]) and involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months (2.32 [1.32-4.09]). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of current tobacco use was low in both genders, the assessed population still presents a risk, since male involvement in physical fighting and current consumption of alcohol in both genders increased the probability of this population becoming regular tobacco users.

Resumo Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de uso atual do tabaco e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de risco entre adolescentes e jovens escolares, segundo o sexo. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por estudantes da rede estadual entre 12 e 24 anos, que responderam a versão brasileira do questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS (versão 20.0), por meio da Regressão de Poisson para avaliar a Razão de Prevalência (RP) das variáveis independentes em relação ao desfecho. Foi adotado p < 0,05. Resultados: A análise final foi composta por 1.275 adolescentes, dos quais 716 (56,2%) eram meninas e 559 (43,8%) meninos. A prevalência de consumo atual do tabaco foi de 6,6% entre as meninas e 9,7% entre os meninos. No sexo feminino, consumir álcool nos últimos 30 dias (3,91 [1,54-9,94]) e ter 14 anos ou menos (0,50 [0,26-0,96]) influenciaram o uso atual de tabaco. No sexo masculino, o uso de tabaco nos últimos 30 dias foi influenciado pelo consumo atual de álcool (2,92 [1,21-7,08]) e envolvimento em luta corporal nos últimos 12 meses (2,32 [1,32-4,09]). Conclusão: Embora a prevalência de consumo atual do tabaco tenha sido baixa em ambos os sexos, a população estudada ainda exibe risco, pois o envolvimento em luta corporal no sexo masculino e o consumo atual de álcool em ambos os sexos aumentaram a probabilidade da população se envolver com uso atual do tabaco.

Development and validity evidence of the Two-Dimensional Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale / Desarrollo y evidencia de validez de la Escala Bidimensional de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales

Abstract Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly HIV/AIDS, are acquired through risky sexual behaviors that have been associated with sexual sensation seeking. The purpose of this work is development a new scale for the assessment of sexual sensations seeking, with evidence of validity based on internal structure and relationship to other measures, for use in young people and adults in a Latin American context. An instrumental study was performed, with time-space sampling of students from the two Chilean cities with the highest rates of HIV. Final scale has 9 items to evaluate two dimensions: (1) sexual emotions seeking and (2) tendency to sexual boredom. The identified structure provides good levels of reliability and presents validity evidence, based on the internal structure of the test, using CFA and ESEM. Two-dimensional sexual sensation seeking scale evidence proper psychometric properties to evaluate the seeking for sexual sensations in equivalents samples.

Resumen Resumen Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), principalmente el VIH/SIDA, son adquiridas a través de comportamientos sexuales de riesgo que se han asociado con la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. El propósito de este trabajo es desarrollar un nuevo instrumento de medida para evaluar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en jóvenes y adultos en Latinoamérica. Se realizó un estudio instrumental, con un muestreo espaciotemporal en estudiantes de las dos ciudades chilenas con mayores índices de VIH. La escala final contiene 9 ítems para evaluar dos dimensiones: (1) búsqueda de emociones sexuales y (2) tendencia al aburrimiento sexual. La estructura identificada proporciona niveles adecuados de confiabilidad y presenta evidencia de validez, basada en la estructura interna del test, utilizando AFC y ESEM. La Escala Bidimensional de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales evidencia propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para eva luar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en muestras equivalentes.