Clinicopathological Features of Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Bladder / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical features,diagnosis,and relationship with sporadic prostate cancer in primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 12 patients with primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder diagnosed at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2013 to September 2022.The histological features of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder were re-evaluated by two pathologists according to the 2022 revision of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs.Electronic medical records were retrieved,and telephone follow-up was conducted from the time of histopathological diagnosis to the death or the end of the last follow-up until January 31,2023. Results The 12 patients include 7 patients in pT3 stage and 1 patient in pT4 stage.Eight patients were complicated with other types of tumors,such as high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and squamous cell carcinoma.Five patients had sporadic prostate cancer.Immunohistochemical staining showed that 12 (100.0%),10 (83.3%),and 8 (66.7%) patients were tested positive for CD56,Syn,and CgA,respectively.The Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 80% to 90%.Five patients with urothelial carcinoma were tested positive for CK20,GATA3,and CK7.P504S was positive in all the 5 patients with prostate cancer,while P63 and 34βE12 were negative.The follow-up of the 12 patients lasted for 3-60 months.Eight of these patients died during follow-up,with the median survival of 15.5 months.Four patients survived. Conclusions Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is a rare urological tumor with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis.In male patients with bladder prostatectomy,all prostate tissue should be sampled.If prostate cancer is detected,the prostate-specific antigen level should be monitored.

Primary adrenal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma complicated with renal venous carcinoma thrombus: a case report / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Primary adrenal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is clinically rare. This article reported a patient, who was diagnosed as primary adrenal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma complicated with renal vein cancer thrombus, and underwent laparoscopic left adrenal + left kidney + left renal vein tumor embolectomy.The carcinoma relapsed after 19 months of follow-up after surgery. The patient and his family refused further treatment.

A case report of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate / 中华泌尿外科杂志

To study the diagnosis and treatment of small cell neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma.A 60-year-old patient with pure small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate was admitted because of dysuria for 1 month.Digital rectal examination showed the prostate was hard.Result of histological biopsy were consistent with a diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate.Combination chemotherapy with radiotherapy regimen were proved to be effective.The patient's symptoms were relieved obviously.The patient died about 15 months after admission.Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate has a very poor prognosis.Systemic chemotherapy is the most important treatment available.

A case report of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate / 中华泌尿外科杂志

To study the diagnosis and treatment of small cell neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma. A 60-year-old patient with pure small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate was admitted because of dysuria for 1 month. Digital rectal examination showed the prostate was hard. Result of histological biopsy were consistent with a diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate. Combination chemotherapy with radiotherapy regimen were proved to be effective. The patient′s symptoms were relieved obviously. The patient died about 15 months after admission. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate has a very poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy is the most important treatment available.

Long-term disease-free survival in patient with laryngeal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patient with laryngeal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LSCNC) with long-term disease-free survival, and to provide the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of LSCNC. Methods: The clinical materials of a patient with primary LSCNC were collected, and the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of LSCNC and extrapulmonary small cell cancer (EPSCC) combined with the relative literatures were analyzed. Results: The patient was a 55-year-old man who had a long history of heavy smoking and drinking, and presented with neck mass. The laryngoscope revealed the uneven mass on the left side of epiglottic laryngeal surface. The subsequent biopsy of the neck mass indicated lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent laryngectomy and bilateral cervical lymph node dissection. The postoperative pathology indicated LSCNC; the immunohistochemistry results showed CD56 (NK-1) (+), CK-pan (+), CgA (-), Syn (-) and Ki-67 (+ 90%). The patient underwent radiotherapy to the tumor bed and lymph node drainage area and 6 courses of chemotherapy with EP regimen. No prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was conducted. Regular follow-up with laryngoscope, crainial MRI and other examinations showed no recurrence and metastasis. The patient still alive with disease-free survival of 38 months now. Conclusion: LSCNC is highly malignant. The diagnosis mainly depends on the pathohistomorphology and immunohistochemistry examination. The combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is commonly used for LSCNC at present. PCI is not recommended routinely. Multimodality treatment can improve the prognosis.

Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Eyelid

PURPOSE: To report a case of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the eyelid. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old male presented with a 5-month history of a right upper eyelid mass. The mass appeared as 1.2 × 1.2 cm on the right upper eyelid. A mass excision was performed under frozen section control. The tumor was completely excised with a safety margin clearance and an upper eyelid reconstruction was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a tumor composed of small atypical cells which showed a high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, nuclear molding, and increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive reactivity for Ki-67, synaptophysin, CD56, and negative reactivity for chromogranin, cytokeratin 20, and thyroid transcription factor-1. CONCLUSIONS: Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the eyelid is extremely rare, but the tumor has high malignancy and readily metastasizes. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing eyelid mass.

Highly Aggressive Small-cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Cervix: A Rare Case Report.

Neuroendocrine tumors consist of a spectrum of malignancies that arise from the diffuse neuroendocrine cell system. Prognosis is dependent on histologic subtype and site of origin. The family of well-differentiated neoplasms (carcinoid and atypical carcinoid) is morphologically and clinically distinct from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (small cell and large cell). This latter entity is closely related to pulmonary small-cell carcinoma, is highly aggressive and is generally managed with a multimodality approach including platinum-based chemotherapy. Neuroendocrine tumors primary to the gynecologic tract are still considered to be uncommon, with limited prospective data available to guide decision making. We are reporting a case of a highly aggressive small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cervix in a 38-year-old female with good initial response with chemotherapy and is under our follow-up.

A case of a Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Nasal Septum / 대한이비인후과학회지

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity is a very rare and aggressive neoplasm. This tumor is clinically characterized by a propensity for early widespread dissemination that accounts for the dismal prognosis. Although numerous aggressive treatment strategies for this tumor have been reported, optimal treatment has not yet been defined and successfully treated case has not been reported in Korea. Therefore, we report a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal septum, which was successfully treated by endoscopic wide resection combined with postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy

A Case of Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Liver / 대한소화기학회지

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a type of undifferentiated, malignant neuroendocrine tumor. Most of neuroendocrine tumors exhibit well-differentiated features and are classified as carcinoid tumors. However, carcinomas of the liver with anaplastic characters, which are classified as small-cell carcinomas are extremely rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We report an unusual case of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver in a 67-year-old man. The patient was found to have a palpable mass on right upper quadrant of abdomen on physical examination. The diagnosis was made by immunohistochemical stains of biopsied specimen from the liver. Other possible primary site was excluded by radiologic and endoscopic evaluations. The tumor was composed of small monotonous and hyperchromatic poorly differentiated cells with higher nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and were positive for neuroendocrine tissue markers such as synaptophysin, c-kit, and CD56.

A Case of Metastatic Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung Mimicking a Merkel Cell Carcinoma / 대한피부과학회지

Metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas(MSCNC) from distant sites, such as the lung, are high grade tumors with poor prognosis. Histopathologically, it is difficult to distinguish between MSCNC and Merkel cell carcinoma solely on the basis of histologic morphology, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. In recent years, differential expression of cytokeratin(CK) 20 and thyroid transcription factor(TTF)-1 has been proposed as useful distinguishing features. It must be emphasized that clinical correlation(e.g. symptomatology, chest X-ray) and a combination of CK 20 and TTF-1 markers, are essential to differentiate these two disease entities. We herein present a case of MSCNC of the lung that might be misdiagnosed as Merkel cell carcinoma.

Urinary Cytologic Findings of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Case Report / 대한세포병리학회지

We report the cytologic features of a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with high grade transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. A 64-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for one week. Computed tomography revealed an ill-defined mass in the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Urinary cytology showed hypercellularity with predominantly isolated single cells and clustered cells. They have scanty cytoplasm and naked hyperchromatic nuclei with finely granular nuclear chromatin and rare nucleoli. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singe cells, but a few in clusters. Nuclear molding was prominent. No glandular formation or nesting was noted. The second tumor cells had high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear membrane, and coarse granular chromatin. The background was inflamed and necrotic. The histologic findings of transurethral resection were mainly composed of small cell carcinoma, and partly transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have distinctive cytologic features to make a proper diagnosis.

A Case of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Parotid and Lacrimal Glands

Small cell carcinoma is most frequently found in the lung. Extrapulmonary sites of this neoplasm account for only 4% of all small cell carcinomas. Small cell carcinomas arising in the salivary glands are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all parotid gland carcinomas. A 72-years- old women visited our clinic to evaluate hard protruding masses in the left preauricular region and the left orbit. Superficial parotidectomy and incisional biopsy for orbital mass revealed small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. As the extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, arising in both left parotid and lacrimal glands is reported rarely in the world and not reported in Korea yet, we report its clinical progress.

A Case of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura with Epididymitis

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a distinct subtype of cervical cancer that appears analogous to oat cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumors of the lung. It has been assumed to be derived from the neural crest via argyrophilic cells in the normal endocervix. We have recently encountered a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix coexisting with adenocarcinoma which was argyrophil negative. A 66-year-old multiparous woman was admitted because of vaginal bleeding for 2 months. Cervicovaginal smear revealed several scattered clusters and sheets of monotonous small cells with some peripheral palisading in the background of hemorrhage and necrosis. Radical hysterectomy specimen revealed an ulcerofungating tumor on endocervical canal which was composed of two components. Major component of the tumor was made up of monomorphic population of small oval-shaped tumor cells arranged in sheets and partly in acinar structures or trabecular fashion. Other component was adenocarcinoma, endocervical well-differentiated type. Argyrophilia was present on the Grimelius stain and immunohistochemical studies revealed diffuse positivity to neuron-specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen. Electron microscopic examination showed clusters of small round to oval cells, which had a few well-formed desmosomes and several membrane-bound, dense-core neuro- sectetory granules.

Gastrointestinal Adenomatous Polyposis Associated with Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Rectosigmoid: A case report

In adenomatous polyposis coli there are many colonic and extracolonic manifestations, and various combinations of these induce different clinical presentations and syndromes. We experienced a unique case of adenomatous polyposis of the large intestine and stomach in a 39-year-old man. In the colon, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma rather than adenocarcinoma had developed, which did not contain adenomatous or carcinomatous foci. The adenomatous polyps in the colon were all small and sessile with no cancerous or precancerous change two years after the resection of the symptomatic gastric adenomas, even though the gastric adenomas were larger and showed dysplastic change. We think this case is another variant of adenomatous polyposis syndrome.

A Case of Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Stomach / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in stomach is known to be very rare and only the twelve cases have been reported in the English literature. This tumor appears to be analogous to small cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumors of the lung, and is characterized by a very aggressive clinical course. Recently, we have experienced a 68-year-old man with primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the stomach, which had liver metastasis and peritoneal seeding. A positive Grimelius stain was present and immunohistochemical studies revealed positivity for neuron-specific enolase in the tumor. For its rarity, we report this case with review of literatures.

Composite Tumor of Adenocarcinoma and Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report / 대한세포병리학회지

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a distinct subtype of cervical cancer that appears analogous to oat cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumors of the lung. It has been assumed to be derived from the neural crest via argyrophilic cells in the normal endocervix. We have recently encountered a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix coexisting with adenocarcinoma which was argyrophil negative. A 66-year-old multiparous woman was admitted because of vaginal bleeding for 2 months. Cervicovaginal smear revealed several scattered clusters and sheets of monotonous small cells with some peripheral palisading in the background of hemorrhage and necrosis. Radical hysterectomy specimen revealed and ulcerofungating tumor on endocervical canal which was composed of two components. Major component of the tumor was made up of monomorphic population of small oval-shaped tumor cells arranged in sheets and partly in acinar structeres or trabecular fashion. Other component was adenocarcinoma, endocervical well-differentiated type. Argyropilia was present on the Grimelius stain and immunohistochemical studies revealed diffuse positivity to neuron-specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen. Electron microscopic examination showed clusters of small round to oval cells, which had a few well-formed desmosomes and several membrane-bound, dense-core neurosectetory granules.