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Abstract Introduction: In recent decades, the level of skiing performance in Russia has decreased significantly. This has necessitated problems with the preparation of athletes for competitions and the training process. Objective: To analyze the effects of simulation training tools on the physical condition of ski racers aged 13-14 years. Methods: Quasi-experimental, non-randomized study. 40 cross-country skiers aged 13-14 years belonging to the Korshik Village sports school (Russia) were assigned to a control (n = 20) and experimental (n = 20) group. Classes in the control group were conducted according to the usual training plan and in the experimental group simulation exercises were used. The control tests included pull-ups, squats, two-legged long jump, simulated 100-meter climbing and a 500-meter running test. Results: The control group showed no significant improvements (p > 0.05), while the experimental group reported significant improvements in pull-ups (22.2%; p< 0.05), squat (5.9%; p< 0.05), two-legged long jump (6.8%; p< 0.05), 100-meter climbing simulation (7.8%; p< 0.05) and 500-meter run (4.2 %, p <0.05). Conclusion: If, in the preparatory period, a series of simulation exercises are included in the training program for skiers aged 13-14 years, the level of physical fitness of athletes will improve significantly.
Resumen Introducción: En las últimas décadas, el nivel de rendimiento del esquí en Rusia ha disminuido significativamente. Esto plantea nuevos desafíos en la preparación de los atletas para las competiciones y el proceso de entrenamiento. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de las herramientas de entrenamiento por simulación sobre la condición física de corredores de esquí de entre 13 y 14 años. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, no aleatorizado. 40 esquiadores de fondo de entre 13 y 14 años pertenecientes a la escuela deportiva Korshik Village (Rusia) fueron asignados a un grupo control (n=20) y experimental (n=20). Las clases en el grupo de control se llevaron a cabo según el plan de entrenamiento habitual y en el grupo experimental se utilizaron ejercicios de simulación. Las pruebas de control incluyen dominadas, sentadillas, salto de longitud con dos piernas, escalada simulada de 100 metros y una prueba de carrera de 500 metros. Resultados: El grupo control no presentó mejoras significativas (p>0,05), mientras que el grupo experimental reportó mejoras significativas en dominadas (22,2%; p<0,05), sentadilla (5,9%; p<0,05), salto de longitud a dos piernas (6,8%; p<0,05), simulación de escalada de 100 metros (7,8%; p<0,05) y carrera de 500 metros (4,2%; p<0,05). Conclusión: Si en el periodo preparatorio se incluye una serie de ejercicios de simulación en el programa de entrenamiento para esquiadores de 13-14 años, el nivel de condición física de los deportistas mejorará significativamente.
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Objective:To characterize the injuries suffered by athletes in snow events other than alpine skiing in the Zhangjiakou Zone of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022, in order to provide insights for prevention of sports injuries and preparation of large-scale winter sports events.Methods:The medical records were retrospectively collected of all athletes who had been treated at Beijing University Third Hospital Chongli within the closed loop of the Zhangjiakou Zone during the Winter Olympics and Paralympics (from November 21, 2021 to April 5, 2022). The incidence, severity and part of the injuries were analyzed, as well as the medical treatment process.Results:In the Zhangjiakou Zone, a total of 1,188 athletes participated in the Winter Olympic Games, with an injury incidence of 2.9% (34/1,188), while 420 ones participated in the Winter Paralympic Games, with an injury incidence of 1.7% (7/420). The average daily medical visits were the highest during the Winter Olympics phase (1.16 visits per day), and their emergency severity index (ESI) ranged from level 3 to level 4. The department of orthopedics was visited the most (92.7%, 38/41). Lower limb injuries accounted for the highest proportion (53.7%, 22/41), with the knee ones accounting for 36.6% (15/41) of all injuries. Most of the athletes with ESI level 3 received splint fixation (62.5%, 5/8), while those with ESI level 4 mostly received observation and follow-up (57.6%, 19/33). A total of 57 radiological examinations were performed in the 41 athletes. X-ray was used the most frequently on a single day (5.00 times) while magnetic resonance imaging was per day on average (0.16 times). The transfer time for the athletes injured was (27.4±8.8) min which was not influenced by the 4 weather conditions (cloudy, sunny, light snow, and cloudy) ( P=0.374). Conclusions:The incidence of injuries during the Beijing Winter Olympics in the Zhangjiakou Zone was lower than that in other areas of the Beijing Winter Olympics and in previous Winter Olympics. There were no serious life-threatening cases. The imaging examination resources and transfer speed in the Zhangjiakou Zone were able to meet the medical needs of athletes at all stages of the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics. Athletes should pay attention to protection of their lower limbs during skiing competitions.
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Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and management strategies of the patients who were injured in winter snow sports in parts of Qingdao in order to provide useful information for "300 million people participating in ice and snow sports" .Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 128 patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedics, Qingdao Central Hospital for skiing injuries from November 2019 to March 2021. The gender, type, location and cause of injury, and treatment method of the patients were statistically analyzed.Results:Of the 128 patients, 72 were males and 56 females with an age of (32.0±12.1) years. Single injury accounted for 97.66% (125/128) while multiple injuries 2.34% (3/128). 46 injuries (35.11%, 46/131) due to single board skiing occurred in 44 patients (34.38%, 44/128); 85 injuries (64.89%, 85/131) due to double board skiing occurred in 84 cases (65.62%, 84/128). As for injury types, there were 44 cases (34.38%, 44/128) of soft tissue injury and 84 fractures (65.62%, 84/128). The top 3 injured locations were the lower leg (24.43%, 32/131), the peri-wrist part (18.32%, 24/131), and the peri-knee part (15.27%, 20/131). The most vulnerable location was, respectively, the wrist joint (26.09%, 12/46) in single board skiing and the calf (31.76%, 27/85) in double board skiing. The top three causes of injury were accidental fall (39.06%, 50/128), being struck by someone or emergency evacuation (14.84%, 19/128), and mismatched equipment models (12.50%, 16/128). The proportion of skiing beginners was as high as 76.56% (98/128). Surgical treatment was performed in 49 cases (38.28%, 49/128), and conservative treatment in 79 cases (61.72%, 79/128).Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of the patients who were injured in winter snow sports in parts of Qingdao are high proportions of skiing beginners, falls and fractures. Special attention needs to be paid to wrist protection in single board skiing and checking the ski disengagement device before double board skiing. Most patients may need only conservative treatment because although a number of patients required surgical treatment, severe multiple injuries were rare.
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Objective:To explore the clinical outcomes of intraoperative fluoroscopy on femoral tunnel placement in treating professional snow sports athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Methods:A retrospective case series study was used to analyze the clinical data of 13 professional snow sports athletes with ACL injury treated in the National Institute of Sports Medicine, General Administration of Sport of China from January 2016 to January 2019. There were 5 males and 8 females, aged 16-27 years [(18.5±3.0)years]. Intraoperative lateral fluoroscopy combined with quadrant method was performed for the accurate femoral tunnel placement in single-bundle ACL reconstruction by using autologous hamstring tendon in all patients. KT1000 side-to-side difference (KT1000-ssd), pivot shift test, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Lysholm score, Marx activity scale and maximum extension and flexion resistance ratio of the involved and uninvolved knee were compared before operation (or before injury) and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation. Whether returning to the field, time taken in returning to the field and re-injury were recorded at each follow-up visit. ACL graft signal intensity ratio (SIR) in MRI of the involved knee was evaluated at postoperative 24 months.Results:All patients were followed up for 24-33 months [(25.8±2.7)months]. There were 7 patients with KT1000-ssd degree I, 5 with degree II and 1 with degree III before operation, compared to 12 patients with KT1000-ssd degree 0 and 1 with degree I at 3 and 6 months after operation and 13 patients with KT1000-ssd degree 0 at 12 and 24 months after operation. The pivot shift test was grade I in 8 patients and grade II in 5 before operation, compared to 11 patients with degree 0 and 2 with degree I at 3 months after operation and 12 patients with degree 0 and 1 with degree I at 6, 12 and 24 months after operation. IKDC subjective score was (68.0±4.3)points, (84.7±7.9)points, (94.6±3.3)points and (96.5±1.8)points at postoperative 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Six months after operation, IKDC subjective score was significantly improved compared to the preoperative (48.3±25.0)points (all P<0.01). The Lysholm score was (63.4±6.6)points, (80.1±6.5)points, (93.8±4.6)points and (96.5±2.4)points at postoperative 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Six months after operation, the Lysholm score was significantly improved compared to the preoperative (47.5±29.4)points (all P<0.01). The Marx activity scale was (7.4±0.5)points, (13.8±0.7)points, (14.6±0.8)points and (15.0±0.7)points at postoperative 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively, significantly lower than (16.0±0.0)points before the injury (all P<0.01). The maximum extension resistance ratio of the involved and uninvolved knee was 0.60±0.10, 0.85±0.08, 0.91±0.06 and 0.97±0.04 at postoperative 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Six months after operation, the maximum extension resistance ratio of the involved and uninvolved knee was significantly increased compared to the preoperative 0.57±0.18 (all P<0.01).The maximum flexion resistance ratios of involved and uninvolved knee were 0.64±0.09, 0.82±0.06, 0.89±0.04 and 0.94±0.06 at postoperative 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Six months after operation, the maximum flexion resistance ratio of the involved and uninvolved knee was significantly increased compared to the preoperative 0.60±0.12 (all P<0.01). Thirteen athletes returned to the field within 12 months after operation with the time taken in returning to the field ranging from 5-12 months [(8.7±1.9)months]. There was no ACL re-injury at postoperative 24 months. The ACL graft SIR in MRI of the involved knee was 1.80±0.20 at postoperative 24 months. Conclusion:Intraoperative fluoroscopy on femoral tunnel placement in the treatment of professional snow sports athletes with ACL injury can significantly improve the knee joint stability, subjective function, sports performance and muscle strength within 6 months, and can help them return to the field within 12 months, and accelerates graft healing.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: In a "U" shaped field, the skier must take off using snow slides in a determined territory, using the distribution of his body mass over his feet to control the direction, completing a variety of complex movements inherent to aerial sports. Objective: Study the effect of acceleration on skiers' skill levels. Methods: Peak moment angle and range of motion were measured in 12 U-shaped cross-country snow ski athletes with an average training period of over 5 years. The isokinetic muscle strength test parameters were analyzed with the characteristics and abilities inherent to the sport. The corresponding range of motion and the angle of acceleration were determined. The results were confronted with a literature search and discussed afterward. results: The peak torque and relative peak torque of the flexor and extensor muscle groups on both sides of the athletes' hip and knee joints reduced with increasing angular velocity; the maximum peak torque of the extensors was significantly greater than that of the flexors at the same velocity (P﹤0.05). The current scientific literature predicted this inversely proportional relationship, but the angles obtained had not been explored. Conclusion: Athletes should pay attention to improving cognitive ability and active adjustment ability to complete their technical movements, promoting the development of controlled acceleration required by snow sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: Em campo em forma de "U", o esquiador deve decolar utilizando deslizamentos de neve em um território determinado, utilizando a distribuição de sua massa corporal sobre os pés para controlar a direção, completando uma variedade de movimentos complexos inerentes aos esportes aéreos. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da aceleração sobre o nível de habilidade dos esquiadores. Métodos: Aferiu-se o ângulo do momento de pico e a amplitude de movimento em 12 atletas de esqui na neve em campos em forma de "U" com um período médio de treinamento de mais de 5 anos. Foram analisados os parâmetros do teste de força muscular isocinético combinados com as características e habilidades inerentes ao esporte. Determinou-se a gama correspondente do movimento e o ângulo de aceleração. Os resultados foram confrontados com uma pesquisa bibliográfica e discutidos posteriormente. Resultados: O torque de pico e o torque de pico relativo dos grupos de músculos flexores e extensores em ambos os lados das articulações do quadril e joelho dos atletas reduziram com o aumento da velocidade angular; o torque de pico máximo dos extensores foi significativamente maior do que o dos flexores na mesma velocidade (P﹤0.05). Essa relação inversamente proporcional foi prevista pela literatura científica vigente, porém os ângulos obtidos não haviam sido explorados. Conclusão: Os atletas devem atentar-se em melhorar a capacidade cognitiva e a capacidade de ajuste ativa para completar seus movimentos técnicos promovendo o desenvolvimento da aceleração controlada requerida pelos esportes na neve. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: En un campo en forma de "U", el esquiador debe despegar utilizando deslizamientos de nieve en un territorio determinado, utilizando la distribución de su masa corporal sobre los pies para controlar la dirección, completando una variedad de movimientos complejos inherentes a los deportes aéreos. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto de la aceleración en el nivel de habilidad de los esquiadores. Métodos: Se midieron el ángulo de momento máximo y la amplitud de movimiento en 12 atletas de esquí de fondo en forma de U con un período de entrenamiento medio de más de 5 años. Se analizaron los parámetros de la prueba de fuerza muscular isocinética combinados con las características y habilidades propias del deporte. Se determinó la correspondiente amplitud de movimiento y el ángulo de aceleración. Los resultados se confrontaron con una búsqueda bibliográfica y se debatieron posteriormente. Resultados: El par máximo y el par máximo relativo de los grupos musculares flexores y extensores de ambos lados de las articulaciones de la cadera y la rodilla de los atletas se redujo con el aumento de la velocidad angular; el par máximo de los extensores fue significativamente mayor que el de los flexores a la misma velocidad (P﹤0,05). Esta relación inversamente proporcional fue predicha por la literatura científica actual, pero los ángulos obtenidos no habían sido explorados. Conclusión: Los atletas deben prestar atención a la mejora de la capacidad cognitiva y la capacidad de ajuste activo para completar sus movimientos técnicos promoviendo el desarrollo de la aceleración controlada que requieren los deportes de nieve. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Following the development of ice and snow sports tourism projects, the hidden dangers of early extensive construction have gradually emerged. It mainly manifests itself in the sports safety of ice and snow sports tourism projects. Objective: Explore the management strategy of sports safety under the snow and ice sports tourism landscape. Methods: Literature research, interviews, and questionnaires were used to analyze the development in the study area of ice and snow tourism, the tourists themselves, and regional site construction. Finally, the paper analyzes strategies to improve sports safety management in related areas from the landscape manager's point of view. Results: The development of snow and ice sports tourism projects in the study area is satisfactory; however, due to the epidemic's impact, the current situation is relatively low, showing a trend of slow improvement. In terms of sports injury risk, after optimal training and safety management, the proportion of climatic characteristics of the site was 24.81%; the proportion of the population on the ski slopes was 40.92%; the proportion of equipment cleaning and maintenance was 59.23%; the degree of congestion on the ski slopes was 41.30%; the proportion of public safety was 34.42%; the proportion of basic emergency medical treatment was 32.30%; epidemics and other infectious diseases accounted for 83.13% of the total. Follow-up is done before the start, in the process, and after the occurrence of multiple managements. Conclusion: The safety management strategy of snow and ice sports tourism combines the factors of tourists and managers, and has great practical significance, so it is worthy of promotion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: Com o desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo no gelo e na neve, os perigos ocultos da construção extensiva precoce têm surgido gradualmente. Ele se manifesta principalmente na segurança esportiva de projetos de turismo de esportes de gelo e neve. Objetivo: Explorar a estratégia de gestão da segurança esportiva sob o panorama do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e questionários foram usados para analisar o desenvolvimento na área de estudo do turismo de gelo e neve, e dos próprios turistas bem como a construção de locais regionais. Finalmente, do ponto de vista do gerente de paisagens, o trabalho analisa as estratégias para melhorar a gestão da segurança esportiva em áreas relacionadas. Resultados: O desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo de neve e gelo na área de estudo é satisfatório, porém, devido ao impacto da epidemia, a situação atual é relativamente reduzida, mostrando uma tendência de lenta melhoria. Em termos de risco de lesões esportivas, após treinamento otimizado e gerenciamento da segurança, a proporção de características climáticas do local foi de 24,81%; a proporção de população nas pistas de esqui foi de 40,92%; a proporção de limpeza e manutenção dos equipamentos foi de 59,23%; o grau de congestionamento das pistas de esqui foi de 41,30%; a proporção de segurança pública foi de 34,42%; a proporção de tratamento médico básico de emergência foi de 32,30%; epidemias e outras doenças infecciosas representaram 83,13% do total. O acompanhamento é feito antes do início, no processo, e após a ocorrência de múltiplas gestões. Conclusão: A estratégia de gerenciamento de segurança do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo combina os fatores de turistas e gerentes, e tem grande significado prático, por isso é digna de promoção. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Con el desarrollo de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve, han ido apareciendo gradualmente los peligros ocultos de la construcción extensiva temprana. Se manifiesta principalmente en la seguridad deportiva de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve. Objetivo: Explorar la estrategia de gestión de la seguridad deportiva en el marco del paisaje turístico de los deportes de nieve y hielo. Métodos: Se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica, entrevistas y cuestionarios para analizar el desarrollo en la zona de estudio del turismo de hielo y nieve, y a los propios turistas, así como la construcción de emplazamientos regionales. Por último, desde el punto de vista del gestor del paisaje, se analizan estrategias para mejorar la gestión de la seguridad deportiva en ámbitos afines. Resultados: El desarrollo de proyectos de turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo en la zona de estudio es satisfactorio, sin embargo, debido al impacto de la epidemia, la situación actual es relativamente baja, mostrando una tendencia de lenta mejora. En cuanto al riesgo de lesiones deportivas, tras optimizar la formación y la gestión de la seguridad, la proporción de características climáticas del lugar fue del 24,81%; la proporción de población en las pistas de esquí fue del 40,92%; la proporción de limpieza y mantenimiento del equipo fue del 59,23%; el grado de congestión de las pistas de esquí fue del 41,30%; la proporción de seguridad pública fue del 34,42%; la proporción de tratamiento médico básico de urgencia fue del 32,30%; las epidemias y otras enfermedades infecciosas representaron el 83,13% del total. El seguimiento se realiza antes del inicio, en el proceso y después de que se produzcan múltiples gestiones. Conclusión: La estrategia de gestión de la seguridad del turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo combina los factores de los turistas y los gestores, y tiene una gran importancia práctica, por lo que merece ser promovida. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: With the 2022 Winter Olympic Games launch, ice and snow sports have come into the spotlight, receiving government incentives to encourage their practice. Objective: Examine the causes of knee injury in skiers, proposing preventive measures for joint injury. Methods: The current situation of joint injury in skiers' knees, joint movement in skiing, the cause of joint injury, and the prevention of joint injury were analyzed, and scientific prevention and corresponding treatment plan were developed according to the results of the analysis. Results: The injury rate among skiers is high. Ligament injury, tendon injury, and muscle strain are the three main types of injury. There are 57 mild injuries of various types to the knee joint - 53.27% of all injuries; 41 moderate injuries, representing 38.32% of all injuries; 9 serious injuries, representing 8.41% of all injuries, with minor injuries. Conclusion: This article examines knee motion and the causes of knee injury in skiers and proposes preventive measures for joint injury. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: Com o lançamento dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022, os esportes de gelo e neve entraram em evidência, recebendo incentivos governamentais para encorajamento de sua prática. Objetivo: Examinar as causas da lesão no joelho em esquiadores, propondo medidas preventivas para a lesão articular. Métodos: Foram analisadas a situação atual de lesão articular nos joelhos dos esquiadores, o movimento articular no esqui, a causa das lesões articulares e a prevenção de lesões articulares, além de um plano de prevenção científica e tratamento correspondente, de acordo com os resultados da análise. Resultados: A taxa de lesões em esquiadores é alta. Lesão ligamentar, lesão tendinosa e tensão muscular são os três principais tipos de lesão. Há 57 lesões leves de vários tipos na articulação do joelho - 53,27% de todas as lesões; 41 lesões moderadas, representando 38,32% de todas as lesões; 9 lesões graves, representando 8,41% de todos os ferimentos, com ferimentos menores. Conclusão: Este artigo examina o movimento do joelho e as causas da lesão no joelho em esquiadores, e propõe medidas preventivas para lesão articular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Con la puesta en marcha de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno de 2022, los deportes de hielo y nieve han pasado a ser el centro de atención, recibiendo incentivos gubernamentales para fomentar su práctica. Objetivo: Examinar las causas de las lesiones de rodilla en los esquiadores, proponiendo medidas preventivas de las lesiones articulares. Métodos: Se analizó la situación actual de las lesiones articulares en las rodillas de los esquiadores, el movimiento articular en el esquí, la causa de las lesiones articulares y la prevención de las mismas, y se elaboró un plan científico de prevención y tratamiento correspondiente según los resultados del análisis. Resultados: El índice de lesiones en los esquiadores es alto. Las lesiones de ligamentos, las lesiones de tendones y las distensiones musculares son los tres tipos principales de lesiones. Hay 57 lesiones leves de diversos tipos en la articulación de la rodilla, el 53,27% de todas las lesiones; 41 lesiones moderadas, que representan el 38,32% de todas las lesiones; 9 lesiones graves, que representan el 8,41% de todas las lesiones, con lesiones leves. Conclusión: Este artículo examina el movimiento de la rodilla y las causas de las lesiones de rodilla en los esquiadores, y propone medidas preventivas para las lesiones articulares. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Esqui/lesões , Traumatismos do Joelho/etiologia , Traumatismos do Joelho/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Traumatismos do Joelho/epidemiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT This study reveals the characteristics and relationship of sports injury and fatigue of the Winter Olympics athletes, and monitors the athletes' psychological condition through case analysis of excellent athletes, and provides empirical evidence for athletes' psychological training and preparation for the physical and mental health services of Winter Olympics. Through questionnaires, literature review and other methods to study the injury situation of Winter Olympics ice and snow athletes, the results show that the proportion of chronic lumbar and knee joint injuries, and repeated muscle strains of Chinese Winter Olympics ice and snow athletes is large, and the cure rate is not high. The preparation activities are neither paid enough attention or sufficient, and the rationality of training plan arrangement is insufficient. The main cause of injury is insufficient understanding of the mechanism of injury and illness among athletes and coaches. Individual elite athletes need to improve their coping skills and pay attention to their psychological fatigue. In view of the sports' psychological characteristics and the problems faced by winter athletes, personalized psychological intervention programs should be formulated.
RESUMO O presente estudo revela as características e a relação de lesões desportivas e fadiga de atletas participantes dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno, e monitora as condições psicológicas dos atletas através da análise de casos de atletas de alto desempenho, além de apresentar provas empíricas para o treino e a preparação psicológico dos atletas para os serviços de saúde física e mental dos Jogos de Inverno. Através de questionários, revisão de literatura e outros métodos de estudo das lesões que acometem os atletas dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno, em esportes que envolvem gelo e neve, os resultados mostram que é grande a proporção de lesões lombares crônicas, lesões articulares do joelho e recorrência de distensões musculares, e a taxa de cura não é alta. As atividades de preparação não são suficientemente consideradas e a racionalidade do plano de treinos é insuficiente. A principal causa de lesão é a falta de compreensão dos mecanismos que ocasionam lesões e enfermidades entre atletas e treinadores. Atletas individuais de elite precisam melhorar suas habilidades de enfrentamento e prestar atenção à sua fadiga psicológica. Tendo em conta as características psicológicas desportivas e os problemas existentes entre os atletas dos Jogos de Inverno, programas de intervenção psicológica personalizados devem ser formulados.
RESUMEN A través del análisis de casos de atletas de élite, este trabajo revela las características y la relación entre las lesiones deportivas y la fatiga de los atletas en los Juegos Olímpicos de invierno, monitorea el estado psicológico de los atletas y proporciona evidencia empírica para el entrenamiento psicológico de los atletas y la preparación del Servicio de salud física y mental En los Juegos Olímpicos de invierno.Juegos Olímpicos.Los resultados mostraron que la proporción de lesiones crónicas de la cintura y la rodilla y la tensión muscular repetida de los atletas de hielo y nieve en los Juegos Olímpicos de invierno en China era mayor.La tasa de curación no es alta.No se presta suficiente atención a las actividades preparatorias y a la racionalidad del plan de capacitación.La razón principal de la lesión es que los atletas y entrenadores no entienden el mecanismo de la lesión y la enfermedad.Los atletas individuales deben mejorar su capacidad de enfrentamiento y prestar atención a la fatiga psicológica.De acuerdo con las características psicológicas de los atletas de invierno y los problemas existentes, se formula un plan de Intervención Psicológica individualizado.
Assuntos
Humanos , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Esportes na Neve/lesões , Fadiga/prevenção & controle , AtletasRESUMO
A kind of adjustable external fixation device for lower extremity is designed. The circuit is mainly composed of TEC1-00703 semiconductor refrigeration chip, HZC-30A pressure sensor, STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer and other electrical components. It can realize the timing intelligent temperature control and meet the local fixed-point refrigeration. The design of adjustable structure and the application of intelligent air cushion can satisfy the full fixation of lower limbs of different individuals. Its operation does not need much medical knowledge. It can solve the problem of emergency transportation and follow-up treatment of lower limb injury in ice and snow sports. It has a good application prospect and universality.