Social inequities in the food retail patterns around schools in Recife, Brazil / Desigualdades sociais no padrão do varejo de alimentos no entorno de escolas em Recife, Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to describe the community food environment surrounding schools and its association with territorial socio-environmental vulnerability in the city with the highest intraurban social inequity index in Brazil. Methods: this ecological observational study includes data on the presence and type of food retail in a 400 m buffer surrounding public and private schools in Recife. We have also described the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI) of census tracts and conducted multivariate analyses. Results: through factor analysis, we observed two grouping patterns of food retail. The "diverse food outlets" pattern was positively associated with middle HVI (β 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.11; 0.16) and higher HVI areas (β 0.15, 95%CI - 0.11; 0.17), while "the large food retail chains" pattern was inversely associated with middle HVI (β -0.42, 95% CI - 0.53; -0.30) and high HVI areas (β -0.32, 95%CI - 0.45; -0.18) and positively associated with private schools (β 0.15, 95%CI - 0.030; 0.27). Conclusion: the greatest variety in food retail is in high HVI areas, and large food retail chains prevail around private schools, especially in low HVI areas.

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou descrever o ambiente alimentar comunitário no entorno das escolas e sua associação com a vulnerabilidade socioambiental territorial na cidade com maior índice de desigualdade social intraurbana do Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico observacional, inclui dados sobre a presença e o tipo de varejo de alimentos em uma área de 400 m no entorno de escolas públicas e privadas de Recife. Descrevemos o Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde (IVS) dos setores censitários e realizamos análises multivariadas. Resultados: por meio da análise fatorial, observamos dois padrões de agrupamento de estabelecimentos. O padrão "Diversos pontos de venda de alimentos" foi associado positivamente com IVS médio (β 0,14; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% - 0,11; 0,16) e áreas de IVS mais alto (β 0,15; IC95% - 0,11; 0,17), enquanto o padrão "Grandes redes varejistas de alimentos" foi inversamente associado às áreas de IVS médio (β -0,42; IC95% - 0,53; -0,30) e alto IVS (β -0,32; IC95% - 0,45; -0,18) e positivamente associado com escolas particulares (β 0,15; IC95% - 0,030; 0,27). Conclusão: a maior variedade de estabelecimentos está em áreas de alto IVS, e grandes redes varejistas de alimentos predominam no entorno de escolas particulares, especialmente em áreas de baixo IVS.

Qualidade microbiológica de carnes moídas comercializadas na cidade de Salvador, BA

A carne moída torna-se favorável ao surgimento de contaminação por ser um alimento com maior superfície de contato e tende a passar por grande manipulação. Além disso, a maioria dos estabelecimentos que comercializam este produto não realizam os padrões corretos de higiene dos utensílios na frequência adequada, podendo ocorrer contaminação cruzada. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o padrão microbiológico de carne moída comercializada em supermercados e açougues de Salvador-Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no período de agosto a novembro de 2017 em açougues e supermercados. Para as análises microbiológicas, foram coletadas dez amostras de carne bovina moída na condição de consumidor, sendo cinco provenientes de supermercados e cinco de açougues, dos distritos sanitários Barra/ Rio Vermelho e Beirú / Cabula. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram ausência de Salmonella spp. e, embora atendendo ao padrão da legislação, verificaram-se altas contagens de estafilococos coagulase positiva, coliformes a 35 ºC e coliformes a 45 °C sendo indicativo de condições higienicossanitárias inadequadas pois, tanto os equipamentos e utensílios, bem como as mãos dos manipuladores podem veicular micro-organismos e comprometer a qualidade sanitária deste produto.

The ground meat is favorable to the appearance of contamination because it is a food with greater surface of contact and tends to go through great manipulation. In addition, most establishments that sell this product do not meet the correct hygiene standards of the utensils at the appropriate frequency and cross contamination. The objective of this research was to analyze the microbiological pattern of ground beef sold in supermarkets and butchers in Salvador-Bahia. For the microbiological analysis, ten samples of ground beef were collected as consumers, five from supermarkets and five butchers from the Barra / Rio Vermelho and Beirú / Cabula districts. All the analyzed samples showed absence of Salmonella spp., and although to the standard of the legislation, there were high counts of coagulase positive staphylococci, coliforms at 35ºC and coliforms at 45°C being indicative of inadequate sanitary hygienic conditions, since both the equipment and utensils, as well as hand of the manipulators can carry microorganisms and compromise the sanitary quality of this product.

Qualidade microbiológica de carnes moídas comercializadas na cidade de Salvador, BA

A carne moída torna-se favorável ao surgimento de contaminação por ser um alimento com maior superfície de contato e tende a passar por grande manipulação. Além disso, a maioria dos estabelecimentos que comercializam este produto não realizam os padrões corretos de higiene dos utensílios na frequência adequada, podendo ocorrer contaminação cruzada. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o padrão microbiológico de carne moída comercializada em supermercados e açougues de Salvador-Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no período de agosto a novembro de 2017 em açougues e supermercados. Para as análises microbiológicas, foram coletadas dez amostras de carne bovina moída na condição de consumidor, sendo cinco provenientes de supermercados e cinco de açougues, dos distritos sanitários Barra/ Rio Vermelho e Beirú / Cabula. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram ausência de Salmonella spp. e, embora atendendo ao padrão da legislação, verificaram-se altas contagens de estafilococos coagulase positiva, coliformes a 35 ºC e coliformes a 45 ºC sendo indicativo de condições higienicossanitárias inadequadas pois, tanto os equipamentos e utensílios, bem como as mãos dos manipuladores podem veicular micro-organismos e comprometer a qualidade sanitária deste produto

The ground meat is favorable to the appearance of contamination because it is a food with greater surface of contact and tends to go through great manipulation. In addition, most establishments that sell this product do not meet the correct hygiene standards of the utensils at the appropriate frequency and cross contamination. The objective of this research was to analyze the microbiological pattern of ground beef sold in supermarkets and butchers in Salvador-Bahia. For the microbiological analysis, ten samples of ground beef were collected as consumers, five from supermarkets and five butchers from the Barra / Rio Vermelho and Beirú / Cabula districts. All the analyzed samples showed absence of Salmonella spp., and although to the standard of the legislation, there were high counts of coagulase positive staphylococci, coliforms at 35oC and coliforms at 45oC being indicative of inadequate sanitary hygienic conditions, since both the equipment and utensils, as well as hand of the manipulators can carry microorganisms and compromise the sanitary quality of this product.

Energy Analysis in Supermarkets

ABSTRACT This study shows, through several analyses, ways to reduce costs with electric power in supermarkets. For this purpose, one of those establishments was visited and several data were collected for subsequent analysis. The results have shown that the combinations of several actions of energy efficiency can be applied when the objective is the reduction of costs with electric power.

Salmonella sp e Listeria monocytogenes em presunto suíno comercializado em supermercados de Fortaleza (CE, Brasil): fator de risco para a saúde pública / Salmonella sp and Listeria monocytogenes in fully cooked ham commercialized in supermarkets of Fortaleza (CE, Brazil): risk factor for public health

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de Salmonella sp. e Listeria spp. em presunto suíno cozido sem capa de gordura, mantido sob temperatura de refrigeração, comercializado em supermercados de Fortaleza (CE). O material estudado compreendeu quarenta amostras, provenientes de oito marcas comerciais, coletadas em 26 estabelecimentos. A pesquisa de Salmonella sp. e Listeria spp. foi efetuada segundo APHA e HBP, respectivamente. Foi constatado que 30 por cento das amostras estavam contaminadas por Salmonella sp. e 42,50 por cento, 22,50 por cento e 2,5 por cento por L. monocytogenes, L. innocua e L. welshimeri, respectivamente. Foram observadas, ainda, falhas na aplicação das boas práticas de manipulação na área de frios dos supermercados. Verificou-se que 34,61 por cento, 57,69 por cento e 15,38 por cento dos estabelecimentos apresentaram alguma amostra contaminada por Salmonella sp., L. monocytogenes e ambos os microrganismos, respectivamente, abrangendo a área de fiscalização das seis Secretarias Executivas Regionais (SER) do município de Fortaleza. Estes dados mostram a necessidade de um aperfeiçoamento quanto ao controle de qualidade em todo elo da cadeia alimentar como fator fundamental na prevenção de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA).

The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp. in fully cooked ham without fat cover, stored under refrigeration, commercialized in supermarkets of Fortaleza (CE, Brazil). Forty samples of cooked ham, proceeding from eight trademarks, collected in 26 establishments, were analyzed according to the APHA and HBP for Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp. detection, respectively. Thirty percent of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella sp. and 42.50 percent, 22.50 percent e 2.5 percent with L. monocytogenes, L. innocua e L. welshimeri, respectively. It was also observed imperfections in the application of good manipulation practices in the supermarkets freezer section. It was verify that 34.61 percent, 57.69 percent e 15.38 percent of the establishments presented some sample contaminated with Salmonella sp., L. monocytogenes and both microorganisms respectively, including the area inspected by the six Regionals Executive General Offices of Fortaleza. These data show the necessity of a quality control improvement in all parts of food systems as an essential factor in the prevention of foodborne diseases.

The microbial content of unexpired pasteurized milk from selected supermarkets in a developing country

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston, Jamaica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six (6) supermarkets. Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction, standard plate count (SPC), coliform plate count (CPC), purity plate culture, gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One sample (BCr016) had a pH of 4.0, a rancid odour and curdled appearance. It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk. Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar (VRBA). The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10, 11, 12 and 13 days before expiration. The VRBA sample BCr016, had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL. There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL. Enterobacter sp. was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Unacceptable levels of Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli were found in most of the samples. Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.</p>

The microbial content of unexpired pasteurized milk from selected supermarkets in a developing country

Objective: To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston, Jamaica. Methods: The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six (6) supermarkets. Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction, standard plate count (SPC), coliform plate count (CPC), purity plate culture, gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk. Results: One sample (BCr016) had a pH of 4.0, a rancid odour and curdled appearance. It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk. Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar (VRBA). The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10, 11, 12 and 13 days before expiration. The VRBA sample BCr016, had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL. There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL. Enterobacter sp. was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples. Conclusions: Unacceptable levels of Enterobacter spp. and Escherichiacoli were found in most of the samples. Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.

Padrões de qualidade e segurança alimentares no terreno institucional brasileiro / Food quality and safety standards in the brazilian institutional scenario / Modèles de qualité et de sécurité alimentaire sur le terrain institutionnel brésilien

Private food quality and safety standards are emerging as "the" language of the food industry. The Brazilian market is experiencing the decline of the CEASAs, or Wholesale Produce Markets, and the expansion of supermarkets, including in the distribution of fresh produce. This growth is interpreted by the New Institutional Economy as the efficiency of private quality systems as compared to the purportedly inefficient public systems. Based on the political and cultural approach of the New Economic Sociology (NES), the article challenges the evidential nature of the institutions' efficiency, as well as the definition of quality and safety as neutral concepts. Based on the NES approach, these concepts can be seen as cultural constructs.

Les systèmes de qualité et de sécurité privés sont la référence officielle du marché alimentaire et imposent des règles et des modèles qui autorisent la circulation des aliments tout au long de la chaîne de production et distribution. Pour le marché brésilien, on observe un déclin des centrales d'achat et la croissance sensible des supermarchés y compris dans la distribution des produits frais. Cette croissance est considérée par la Nouvelle Économie Institutionnelle comme l'expression de l'efficacité des systèmes privés de qualité face à l'inefficacité du système public. À partir de l'approche politique et culturelle de la Nouvelle Sociologie Économique (NSE), il s'agit de discuter le caractère évident de l'efficacité des institutions privées ainsi que la définition du concept de qualité et de sécurité en tant que catégorie neutre. Sur la base de la référence proposée, les deux concepts, "efficacité" et "qualité", sont des constructions culturelles.

Histórico das tentativas de liberação da venda de medicamentos em estabelecimentos leigos no Brasil a partir da implantação do Plano Real / Description of attempts to obtain approval for selling medications at ordinary Brazilian establishments after the introduction of the Real Economic Stabilization Plan

Apesar de ilegal, a prática da venda de medicamentos em locais inadequados e não permitidos por lei, como armazéns e supermercados, sempre foi bastante comum no Brasil. A Medida Provisória (MP) 592/94, que implantou o Plano Real, liberou a venda de medicamentos anódinos nestes estabelecimentos; porém, este artigo foi suprimido quando a mesma foi convertida na Lei 9.069/95. A partir daí, iniciou-se uma série de tentativas de legalização deste comércio, que só se encerraram em 2004, com a proibição pelo STJ de tal comercialização. Mesmo assim, o comércio continua a ocorrer de forma ilegal. Este trabalho apresenta um histórico dos acontecimentos compreendidos entre 1994 e 2006, visando fornecer um material de atualização ao farmacêutico, acadêmicos e pesquisadores da área, devido à escassez de material bibliográfico sobre este tema específico.

Although not legal, the practice of selling medications through unlicensed outlets such as stores and supermarkets has long been common in Brazil. Introducing the Real Economic Stabilization Plan, Provisional Measure 592/94 allowed the sale of non-prescription medications (anodynes) in such establishments. However, this item was suppressed when this Provisional Measure was enacted as Law N° 9,069/95. Since then, other attempts have been made to establish this type of trade in medications, forbidden in 2004 through a decision handed down by the Superior Court of Justice. Nevertheless, this unlawful trade in medications still continues. Due to the scarcity of publications on this specific issue, this paper offers an updated overview for druggists, pharmacists, academics and researchers, describing the events that took place between 1994 and 2006.