Receptor soluble para productos finales de glicación avanzada y perfil lipídico como marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños con obesidad / Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and lipid profile ratio as cardiovascular risk markers in children with obesity

Resumen Introducción: Se ha mostrado que la obesidad está asociada a niveles bajos de la forma soluble del receptor para productos finales de glicación avanzada (sRAGE). Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de sRAGE y su asociación con el índice lipídico en niños con obesidad. Métodos: Estudio transversal de niños de seis a 11 años de edad con obesidad. Se evaluaron medidas antropométricas, glucosa, perfil lipídico, insulina y sRAGE; también se calculó índice de masa corporal, colesterol total/C-HDL, triglicéridos/glucosa, triglicéridos/C-HDL y HOMA-IR.] Resultados: Se estudiaron 80 niños, 50 % hombres y 50 % mujeres. Las mujeres presentaron mayor perímetro de cintura, HOMA-IR, triglicéridos/C-HDL y triglicéridos/glucosa. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en sRAGE. Al comparar las variables conforme a los terciles de la relación triglicéridos/C-HDL, en el tercil superior se encontraron mayores valores de colesterol total/HDL, triglicéridos/glucosa y sRAGE. Se observó correlación significativa entre sRAGE y HOMA-IR (p < 0.03) en los hombres y entre sRAGE, triglicéridos/C-HDL (p < 0.01) y triglicéridos/glucosa (p < 0.008) en las mujeres. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino mostró más factores de riesgo cardiovascular y mayor sRAGE en el tercil superior de triglicéridos/C-HDL. Se requieren más estudios para probar el posible efecto predictor de mayor riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares.

Abstract Introduction: Obesity has been shown to be associated with low levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE). Objective: To evaluate the levels of sRAGE and its association with the lipid index in children with obesity. Methods: Cross-sectional study of children with obesity aged between six and 11 years. Anthropometric measurements, glucose, lipid profile, insulin and sRAGE were evaluated; body mass index, total cholesterol/high-density cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), triglycerides/glucose (TG/glucose), and triglycerides/HDL-C (TG-HDL-C) ratios and HOMA-IR were also calculated. Results: Eighty children were studied, among which 50% were males and 50% females. Females had higher values for waist circumference, HOMA-IR, and TG/HDL-C and TG/glucose ratios. No significant differences were found for sRAGE. When the variables were compared according to TG/HDL-C ratio tertiles, higher TC/HDL, TG/glucose, and sRAGE values were found at upper tertile. A significant correlation was observed between sRAGE and HOMA-IR (p < 0.03) in males, and between sRAGE and TG/HDL-C (p < 0.01) and TG/glucose ratios (p < 0.008) in females. Conclusions: The female gender showed more cardiovascular risk factors and higher sRAGE at TG/HDL-C upper tertile. Further studies are required to test the possible predictive effect of higher risk for developing metabolic and cardiovascular complications.

Índice TG/HDL para identificar a sujetos con síndrome metabólico en población mexicana / TG/HDL index to identify subjects with metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population

Resumen Antecedentes: El índice triglicéridos/lipoproteína de alta densidad (TG/HDL) ha sido propuesto como un indicador de riesgo cardiovascular. En México, existe un estudio en adultos jóvenes que lo relaciona con resistencia a la insulina, pero no se ha definido un punto de corte que distinga a sujetos con síndrome metabólico. Objetivo: Determinar el punto de corte para el índice TG/HDL que identifique a sujetos con síndrome metabólico en población mexicana. Métodos: El síndrome metabólico se diagnosticó mediante los criterios establecidos en el Tercer Reporte del Panel de Tratamiento para Adultos del Programa Nacional de Educación en Colesterol adaptados a la población mexicana. Para identificar el punto de corte del índice TG/HDL se utilizó el análisis de curvas ROC y el índice de Youden. Resultados: En el estudio participaron 1318 sujetos con edad de 40.9 ± 13.0 años; 65.6 % fuerin mujeres y 34.4 % hombres; 41.2% presentó síndrome metabólico. El índice TG/HDL obtuvo un valor del área bajo la curva de 0.85 y un valor óptimo de punto de corte ≥ 3.46, con sensibilidad de 79.6 % y especificidad de 76.4 %. Conclusiones: El punto de corte ≥ 3.46 para el índice TG/HDL es adecuado para identificar a sujetos con síndrome metabólico en población mexicana.

Abstract Background: The triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) index has been proposed as an indicator of cardiovascular risk. In Mexico, there is a study in young adults that relates it to insulin resistance, but no cutoff point that identifies subjects with metabolic syndrome has been defined. Objective: To determine the cutoff point for the TG/HDL index that identifies subjects with metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population. Methods: Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the criteria established by the Third Report of the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program adapted to the Mexican population. To identify the TG/HDL index cutoff point, ROC curve analysis and the Youden index were used. Results: 1,318 subjects aged 40.9 ± 13.0 years participated in the study; 65.6% were women and 34.4% men; 41.2% had metabolic syndrome. The TG/HDL index obtained an area under the curve of 0.85 and an optimal cutoff point value ≥ 3.46, with a sensitivity of 79.6% and specificity of 76.4%. Conclusions: TG/HDL index cutoff point ≥ 3.46 is suitable for identifying subjects with metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population.

Trigliceridos/colesterol HDL: utilidad en la deteccion de sujetos obesos con riesgo para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular / Triglycerides/HDL cholesterol: utility for the detection of obese subjects with risk for diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases / Triglicerideos/colesterol HDL: utilidade na deteccao de sujeitos obesos com risco para a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doenca cardiovascular

En la Republica Argentina, la prevalencia de obesidad se ha incrementado considerablemente y la de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) alcanza 12,7%. La obesidad presenta heterogeneidad y el aumento de la grasa abdominal puede incluir hipertrigliceridemia, hiperglucemia, disminucion de C-HDL, aumentos de apolipoproteina B (Apo B), aumento de lipoproteinas LDL pequenas y densas, hiperinsulinemia, insulino-resistencia (IR), estado inflamatorio cronico, estado protrombotico y otras alteraciones metabolicas, que se han reunido en el llamado sindrome metabolico con prevalencia del 20 al 40%. La resistencia a la insulina (IR) esta presente en 10 al 25% de la poblacion y se asocia con esas alteraciones. La determinacion de IR es compleja, necesita de internacion en clinicas y debe ser realizada por especialistas. En el laboratorio se puede estimar a traves del dosaje de insulina, pero no esta estandarizado, por lo que es necesario disponer de tecnicas sencillas y accesibles. La relacion trigliceridos (TG)/colesterol HDL (C-HDL) puede ser una opcion utilizando como valores de corte TG/C-HDL ≥2,5 en mujeres y ≥3,5 en varones. Se asocia significativamente con IR y enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), tiene buena especificidad aunque bajo poder discriminador por lo cual cuando esta presente y existe riesgo de DMT2 o ECV deberia complementarse con el calculo del colesterol-no-HDL o Apo B y el colesterol remanente. Teniendo en cuenta la pandemia de obesidad y DMT2 y la elevada frecuencia de ECV, la relacion TG/C-HDL podria ser un marcador que deberia ser informado por el laboratorio bioquimico-clinico.

In Argentina, the prevalence of obesity has increased considerably and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) reaches 12.7%. Obesity presents heterogeneity and the increase in abdominal fat may include hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, decrease in HDL-C, increases in apolipoprotein B (Apo B), increase in small and dense LDL lipoproteins, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (IR), chronic inflammatory state, prothrombotic state and other metabolic alterations, which have been included in the so-called metabolic syndrome with 20 to 40% prevalence. Insulin resistance is present in 10 to 25% of the population and is associated with these alterations. The determination of IR is complex; it needs hospitalization and must be performed by specialists. In the laboratory, it can be estimated through insulin dosing, but it is not standardized, so it is necessary to have simple and accessible techniques. The triglycerides (TG)/HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio can be an option using TG/C-HDL cutoff values ≥2.5 in women and ≥3.5 in men. It is significantly associated with IR and CVD and has good specificity but low discriminating power. So when it is present and there is a risk of T2DM or cardiovascular disease, CVD should be complemented with the calculation of non-HDL cholesterol or Apo B and the remaining cholesterol. Considering the pandemic of obesity and DMT2 and the high frequency of CVD, the TG/C-HDL ratio marker should be reported by the biochemical-clinical laboratory.

Na Republica Argentina, a prevalencia de obesidade aumentou em forma consideravel e a de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) atinge 12,7%. A obesidade apresenta heterogeneidade e o aumento da gordura abdominal pode incluir hipertrigliceridemia, hiperglicemia, diminuicao do HDL-C, aumentos da apolipoproteina B (Apo B), aumento das lipoproteinas LDL pequenas e densas, hiperinsulinemia, resistencia a insulina, estado inflamatorio cronico, estado pro-trombotico e outras alteracoes metabolicas, que se encontraram na chamada sindrome metabolica, com prevalencia de 20 a 40%. A resistencia a insulina (RI) esta presente em 10 a 25% da populacao e esta associada a essas alteracoes. A determinacao da RI e complexa, precisa da hospitalizacao em clinicas e deve ser realizada por especialistas. No laboratorio, isso pode ser estimado atraves da dosagem de insulina, mas nao e padronizado, portanto e necessario ter tecnicas simples e acessiveis. A relacao triglicerideos (TG)/colesterol HDL (C-HDL) pode ser uma opcao usando como valores de corte TG/C-HDL ≥2,5 em mulheres e ≥3,5 em homens. Esta significativamente associado a RI e a doenca cardiovascular (DCV), possui boa especificidade, embora apresente baixo poder discriminador; portanto, quando esta presente e ha risco de DMT2 ou DCV, deveria ser complementado com o calculo do colesterol nao-HDL ou Apo B e o restante colesterol. Considerando a pandemia de obesidade e DMT2 e a alta frequencia de DCV, a relacao TG/C-HDL poderia ser um marcador que deveria ser relatado pelo laboratorio bioquimico-clinico.

Utilidad del índice triglicéridos/HDL-C desde los primeros años de vida en el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico en niños obesos / Utility of the triglycerides/HDL-C index from the first years of age in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad del índice triglicéridos/HDL-C (TG/HDL-C) para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico (SM) en niños obesos de 2 a 14 años. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal tipo prueba de diagnóstico. Fueron incluidos 360 niños obesos exógenos (199M/161F), divididos en tres grupos etarios: 2 a <6 años, 6 a <10 años y 10 a 14 años. Se definió SM según los criterios de la International Diabetes Federation y se evaluó al índice TG/HDL-C como diagnóstico en dos puntos de corte: ≥2,32 y ≥3,5, en cada grupo etario. Se aplicó Chi cuadrado, considerándose significativo p<0,05. Se determinó la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivo y negativo, para cada punto de corte. Resultados: La frecuencia de SM fue 15,79% de 2 a <6 años, 20,25% de 6 a <10 años, 19,63% de 10 a 14 años. En los niños con SM el 97,1% presentó HDL bajo, 83,8% triglicéridos elevados. Se encontró diferencia significativa en la frecuencia del índice TG/HDL-C en ambos puntos de corte, entre los niños con y sin SM en todos los grupos etarios. La sensibilidad para ambos puntos de corte fue alta (86-100%) y la especificidad fue mejor para el punto de corte ≥3,5 (72-80%). Conclusiones: El índice TG/HDL-C ≥3,5 representaría un marcador sensible y específico para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico desde los primeros años de vida.

Objective: To determine the utility of the triglycerides/HDL-C index for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese 2-14 years of age children. Methods: Cross-sectional diagnostic study. We included 360 exogenous obese children (199M/161F) divided in three age groups: 2 to <6; 6 to <10 and 10-14 years. MS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation and the TG/HDL-C index was evaluated using two cutoffs by age group, ≥2.32 and ≥3.5. Chi squared was used accepting a p value <0.05 as statistically significant. Fir each cut-off we determined sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Results: Frequency of MS was 15.79% in the 2 to <6 years age group; 20.25% in the 6 to<10 years age group and 19.63% in the 10-14 years age group. Among children with SM, 97.1% had low HDL and 83.8% had elevated triglycerides. A statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of the TG/HDL-C index in children with or without MS in all age groups. Sensitivity for all cut-offs was high (86-100%) and specificity was best for the cut-off of ≥3.5 (72-80%). Conclusions: The TG/HDL-C index is a sensitive and specific marker of MS from the first years of age.

Índice triglicéridos/HDL colesterol en una población pediátrica de la ciudad de Rosario y zona de influencia / Tryglicerides/HDL index in a pediatric population from the city of Rosario and its surrounding area

Introducción: La obesidad infantil conduce a trastornos metabólicos como hipercolesterolemia y resistencia insulínica que determinan un mayor riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares isquémicas. El índice triglicéridos/HDL colesterol (TG/HDL) es un recurso de fácil determinación que podría ser utilizado como un marcador para identificar niños y adolescentes en riesgo de padecer trastornos metabólicos. OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación del Índice TG/ HDL, con insulinorresistencia (HOMA) y los niveles de insulinemia basal e IMC, en una población pediátrica. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional. Se incluyeron 83 pacientes entre 1 y 14 años de edad, de ambos sexos que concurrieron al servicio de endocrinología de un hospital de la ciudad de Rosario. Se recolectaron medidas antropométricas (peso y talla), se determinaron las concentraciones séricas de glucemia, insulinemia basal, triglicéridos, colesterol total, HDL colesterol, LDL colesterol. Se calculó índice TG/HDL, HOMA e IMC (peso/ talla2 ). Resultados: Del total de pacientes analizados (n=83), la media de IMC fue de 26.7, el 48.2% (n=40) presentaron valores elevados de índice TG/HDL, el 32.1% (n=26) mostraron hiperinsulinemia y el 58% (n=47) tuvieron títulos aumentados de HOMA. De los que presentaron HOMA aumentado, 55.31% presentaron un índice TG/HDL > a 2.2 (p-asociada = 0,096). De los pacientes con hiperinsulinemia, 69.23% presentaron un índice TG/HDL elevado (p-asociada = 0,009). Discusión y conclusión: En concordancia con la literatura actual se demostró una relación significativa entre índice TG/HDL e hiperinsulinemia. Este método podría considerarse una opción válida como marcador sensible de insulinorresistencia, siendo de fácil determinación y bajo costo.

Introduction: Childhood obesity leads to metabolic disorders such as hypercholesterolemia and insulin resistance that determine an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and ischemic cardiovascular disease. The triglycerides / HDL cholesterol index (TG / HDL) is an easily determinable resource that could be used as a marker to identify children and adolescents at risk of metabolic disorders. Objective: To determine the relationship of the TG / HDL Index, with insulin resistance (HOMA) and the levels of basal insulinemia and body mass index (BMI), in a pediatric population. Material and methods: A descriptive, observational study was carried out. We included 83 patients between 1 and 14 years of age, of both sexes who attended the endocrinology service of a hospital in the city of Rosario. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were collected, serum glucose levels were determined, basal plasma insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol. TG / HDL, HOMA and BMI (weight / height2 ) were calculated. Results: Of the total number of patients analyzed (n = 83), the mean BMI was 26.7, 48.2% (n = 40) had high TG / HDL values, 32.1% (n = 26) showed hyperinsulinemia and 58% (n = 47) had increased HOMA titers. Of those who had increased HOMA, 55.31% had a TG / HDL index> 2.2 (p-associated = 0.096). Of the patients with hyperinsulinemia, 69.23% had a high TG / HDL index (p-associated = 0.009). Discussion and conclusion: In agreement with the current literature, a significant relationship between TG / HDL index and hyperinsulinemia was demonstrated. This method could be considered a valid option as a sensitive marker of insulin resistance, being easy to determine and low cost.

The Impact of CDH13 Polymorphism and Statin Administration on TG/HDL Ratio in Cardiovascular Patients

PURPOSE: Adiponectin is expressed in adipose tissue, and is affected by smoking, obesity, and genetic factors, such as CDH13 polymorphism, contributing to the development of coronary vascular diseases (CVDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the effect of genetic variations of CDH13 (rs3865188) on blood chemistry and adiponectin levels in 345 CVD patients undergoing statin-free or statin treatment. RESULTS: Genetic variation in CDH13 was significantly correlated with several clinical factors, including adiponectin, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride (TG), and insulin levels. Subjects with the T allele (mutant form) had significantly lower adiponectin levels than those with the A allele. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), TG/high-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol (HDLc) ratio, and HDL3b subtype were markedly decreased in statin treated subjects regardless of having the A or T allele. TG and TG/HDL in the statin-free group with TT genotype of the rs3865188 was higher than in the others but they were not different in the statin-treated subjects. We observed a significant difference in adiponectin levels between patients with the A and T alleles in the statin-free group; meanwhile, no difference in adiponectin levels was noted in the statin group. Plasma levels of other cytokines, leptin, visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were not different among the CDH13 genotypes according to statin administration. Body mass index (BMI), TG, insulin, HDL3b, and TG/HDL ratio showed negative correlations with adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION: Plasma adiponectin levels and TG/HDL ratio were significantly different according to variants of CDH13 and statin administration in Korean patients with CVD.

Adiponectina, índice TG/c-HDL y PCRUS: Predictores de insulinorresistencia / Adiponectin, TG/HDL chol index and CRPhs: Predictors of Insulin resistance

El disturbio inicial de la insulinorresistencia (IR) parece centrarse en el tejido adiposo que es un órgano dinámico involucrado en muchos procesos fisiológicos y metabólicos. Expresa y secreta una gran variedad de péptidos activos, adipocitoquinas. En el presente estudio se propuso determinar la relación entre el índice TG/col-HDL, marcadores del metabolismo del tejido adiposo (Adiponectina) y de inflamación (PCRus) con la IR en una población urbana del interior del país. Se evaluaron 176 empleados de los 2 hospitales públicos de Posadas-Misiones, 117 mujeres y 59 hombres, con edades 49,01 ± 9,33 años. Se excluyeron los individuos que presentaban diabetes, hipotiroidismo o hipertiroidismo, enfermedad infecciosa, renal, hepática o neoplasias y embarazadas. Se les realizó una extracción sanguínea con 12 h de ayuno. Se determinó: Glucemia y triglicéridos (método enzimático colorimétrico final según Trinder), c-HDL (método homogéneo), Insulina (ensayo inmunométrico quimioluminiscente en fase sólida en un equipo Immulite 2000-Siemmens), Adiponectina (anticuerpos monoclonales ALPCO immunoassays) y PCRhs (ensayo inmunométrico quimioluminiscente en fase sólida en un equipo Immulite 2000 Siemmens). Todas las muestras se procesaron con calibradores, controles comerciales normal y patológico y control de calidad interno y externo. Se utilizó para el análisis de los datos el programa Epi Info 6.04d. El 17,2 % fue IR y el 45,7 % de la población presentó un descenso de adiponectina. La IR se asoció de forma significativa con Adiponectina (p < 0.001), PCRus (p = 0.02) y TG/colHDL (p = 0,02). Pero el parámetro que mejor se relacionó con la IR fue la concentración de Adiponectina en suero. Podríamos concluir entonces que la medición de esta hormona puede ser una herramienta útil para mejorar las estimaciones de riesgo actuales.

The initial disturbance of insulin resistance appears to focus on adipose tissue which is a dynamic organ involved in many physiological and metabolic processes. Expresses and secretes a variety of active peptides, adipocytokines. The aim of this study was in urban population of the countryside, represented by employees of two public hospitals in the province of Misiones, to determinate the relationship between circulating levels of TG/HDL-c index, adipose tissue metabolism (adiponectin) and inflammatory markers (hsCRP) with insulin resistance metabolism. We evaluated 176 employees of 2 public hospitals in Posadas, Misiones, 117 women and 59 men, aged 49.01 ± 9.33 years. The exclusion criteria were subjects with diabetes, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, infectious disease, renal or hepatic neoplasms and pregnant women. They performed a blood sample with 12 hours of fasting. Blood glucose (cv = 2.43 %) and triglycerides (cv = 2.45 %): were measured by enzymatic colorimetric method according to Trinder. HDL-c (cv = 3.41 %) by homogeneous method. Insulin (cv = 4,2 %) and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (cv = 2,1 %) were determined by a chemiluminescent immunometric assay on a solid phase Immulite 2000-Siemmens. Adiponectin with monoclonal antibodies (ALPCO immunoassays). All samples were processed with calibrators, trade controls normal and pathological and control of internal and external quality. Statistic analysis was made by Epi Info 6.04d, with a 95 % confidence level and a significance level of < 0.05. 17.2 % of sample were IR and 45.7 % had decreased concentrations of adiponectin. We found that IR was associated with the Adiponectin (p < 0.001), hsCRP (p = 0.02) and TG/HDL-c index (p = 0.02). The parameter that best explained the event IR was serum adiponectin concentration. We can conclude that hormone‘s determination may improve a new opportunity current risk estimates.

Efeito do dispositivo endoscópico temporário de exclusão duodeno jejunal na resistência insulínica e no risco cardiovascular em pacientes obesos com diabetes tipo 2 / Effect of the duodeno jejunal bypass liner in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in obese patients with type 2 diabetes

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do dispositivo endoscópico temporário de exclusão duodeno jejunal (DEED) na redução da resistência à insulina e do risco cardiovascular em pacientes obesos mórbidos portadores de diabetes tipo 2 (DMT2), utilizando a relação Triglicerídeos/colesterol HDL (TG/HDL), porcentagem de perda de peso e controle glicêmico. MÉTODO: Neste estudo foram incluídos 54 pacientes implantados com o DEED e acompanhados por um período de 6 meses. Todos apresentavam uma relação TG/HDL com valor acima de 3,5, sugerindo uma maior resistência insulínica e um perfil lipídico compatível com um maior risco cardiovascular. O valor da relação inicial foi comparado com o valor obtido após 6 meses do implante do dispositivo, com o objetivo de avaliar se houve redução desse valor, indicando melhora na resistência insulínica e redução do risco cardiovascular. Também foi avaliada a melhora dos níveis de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) e a perda de peso obtida com o uso do dispositivo. Estes dois últimos achados foram correlacionados com a redução da relação TG/HDL para avaliar a presença de dependência entre os fatores. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes implantados com o DEED apresentaram redução significativa dos níveis de HbA1c, sendo que a maior parte dos pacientes (70,3%) obtiveram o controle do diabetes, com níveis abaixo de 7% ao final do estudo. Todos os pacientes também apresentaram redução do peso, com perda média de 12,6% do peso absoluto inicial. Foi observada redução da relação TG/HDL de 5,75 para 4,36 ao final do estudo (p 0,0001), com 42,6% dos pacientes apresentando relação final abaixo de 3,5. A melhora da relação TG/HDL apresentou uma importante associação com uma perda de peso maior que 10% do peso inicial. CONCLUSÃO:..

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the duodeno jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) in reducing insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). For this purpose we used the Triglycerides / HDL cholesterol ratio (TG / HDL), percentage of weight loss and glycemic control. METHODS: This study included 54 patients implanted with the DJBL and followed for a period of 6 months. All had a TG / HDL ratio equal or above 3.5, suggesting greater insulin resistance and lipid profile consistent with increased cardiovascular risk. The initial value of the ratio was compared with the value obtained 6 months after the device implantation, in order to assess whether this value decreased, indicating an improvement in insulin resistance and reduction in the cardiovascular risk. We also evaluated the improvement in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and weight loss achieved with the device, and its relationship with the reduction of TG/HDL ratio. RESULTS: All patients implanted with the DJBL showed significant reduction in HbA1c levels. Most patients (70.3%) achieved diabetes control, with HbA1c levels below 7% by the end of the study. All patients also had a statistically significant weight reduction, with an average loss of 12.6% of initial weight. We observed an important improvement in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, with a significant reduction of the TG/HDL ratio from 5.75 to 4.36 (p = 0.0001) and 42.6% of the patients presenting a TG/HDL ratio lower than 3.5 at the end of the study. The improvement of the TG / HDL ratio presented a significant association with weight loss greater than 10% of initial weight. CONCLUSION:...

Índice triglicéridos/HDL-colesterol: en una población de adolescentes sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular

El índice Triglicéridos/HDL- colesterol (TG/HDL) es un recurso de fácil determinación y con buena correlación con el índice HOMA en adultos. Debido a la dificultad que representa la insulinorresistencia (IR) fisiológica de la adolescencia es necesario buscar marcadores de IR independientes de edad, sexo y estadio puberal. El objetivo fue determinar valores de referencia para el índice TG/HDL en una población de adolescentes sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular (CV) Se evaluaron 943 adolescentes, 429 mujeres y 514 varones, entre 11 y 14 años. Se determinaron medidas antropométricas y se calculó índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se realizó extracción de sangre luego de 12 horas de ayuno para determinar glucemia, triglicéridos, HDL. El síndrome metabólico (SM) fue diagnosticado según criterios de NCEP/ ATP III modificado por Cook. Se excluyeron los adolescentes con SM y aquellos con algún carácter del mismo. Ingresaron 562 adolescentes (289 mujeres y 273 hombres). Presentaban un peso de 48.91 ± 6.51kg; IMC de 18.95 ± 1.78, tensión arterial sistólica de 108.12 ± 13.60 mmHg, tensión arterial diastólica 63.82± 9.43 y perímetro de cintura 65.09± 4.54cm; Índice TG/HDL fue de 1.25± 0.43, con un percentilo 95 de 2.05. En el adulto el índice TG/HDL superior a 3 es un marcador de insulinorresistencia. Consideramos que un valor mayor a 2.05 podría ser un buen índice de insulinorresistencia en la adolescencia. El índice TG/HDL tiene la ventaja de ser metodológicamente más sencillo, más económico e independiente de la etapa puberal.

Triglicéridos/HDL- cholesterol ratio: in adolescents without cardiovascular risk factors. Triglicéridos/ HDL- cholesterol ratio (TG / HDL) is an easy resource determination and it has good correlation with the HOMA index in adults. Due to physiological insulin resistance (IR) in adolescence it is necessary to find markers of IR independent of age, sex and pubertal stage. The objective was to identify reference values of TG / HDL ratio in a population of adolescents without cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluated 943 adolescents, 429 females and 514 males between 11 and 14. Anthropometric measures were determined and body mass index was calculated (BMI). Blood was extracted after 12 hours of fasting to determine glucose, triglycerides, HDL. The metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to criteria of NCEP / ATP III modified by Cook. We excluded adolescents with MS or any component of it. We evaluated 562 adolescents (289 women and 273 men) with a weight of 48.91 ± 6.51kg, BMI :18.95 ± 1.78, systolic blood pressure of 108.12 ± 13.60 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure: 63.82 ± 9.43 and waist circumference: 65.09 ± 4.54cm. TG / HDL ratio was 1.25 ± 0.43, with a 95 percentile of 2.05. In adults, TG / HDL ratio greater than 3 is a marker of insulin resistance. We believe that a higher value to 2.05 might be a good index of insulin resistance in adolescence. TG / HDL ratio has the advantage of being methodologically simpler, more economical and independent of pubertal stage.

Clinical analysis and evaluation for the relationship between value of triglyceride (TG)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and coronary CT angiography / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study for the relationship between the value of Triglyceride ( TG)/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Ratio and Coronary CT angiography .Methods Randomly se-lected elderly people between 65 to 80 years old with medical examination in our hospital in January 2008 -January 2010 , not taking lipid lowering drugs nearly half of the year , usually with activity or after resting precordial pain made of a total of 205.They divided into mild and severe group using the Siemens Somatom Definition dual-source 64-slice spiral CT of the selected candidates for coronary CTA , and lipid levels , TG/HDL-C ratio were been done at the same time .Results The level of TC/LDL-C and TG/HDL-C in Se-vere stenosis group was significantly higher than that in mild stenosis group ( P <0.01 , P <0.05 separate-ly) .While the level of HDL-C in Severe stenosis group was significantly lower than that in mild stenosis group ( P <0.05 ) .Logistic regression analysis showed the high TG /HDL ratio in severe coronary artery stenosis is an independent risk factor .Conclusion High TG /HDL-C ratio is relationship with moderate to severe coronary artery stenosis and which is independent risk factors to predict degree of severe coronary ar -tery stenosis.