Research on Ethical Governance of "BRAIN Initiative" in the United States / 中国医学伦理学

With the implementation of the "BRAIN initiative" in various countries, neuroethical governance has become an important concern of the international community. After ten years of development, the "BRAIN initiative" in the United States has formed a relatively complete ethical governance system. By interpreting the strategic report of the "BRAIN initiative" in the United States, analyzing its basic framework of ethical governance, dissecting its governance practice mechanism, and conducting research from the aspects of top-level design and construction, regulatory model innovation, promoting public participation, enhancing international dialogue, and improving soft and hard regulations, this paper provided some reference and thoughts for the ethical governance of the "BRAIN initiative" in China.

Understanding“One Health”to actively and steadily promote pediatrician training after graduation / 中国实用儿科杂志

Medicine is a highly practical science. A high-quality clinical doctor must go through strict college education,post-graduation education and follow-up continuing education. Since the implementation of standardized resident training in 2014,great achievements have been achieved:great attention has been paid to residential training,about 500 pediatric professional training bases have been set up nationwide,and software and hardware(e.g. simulation centers and teacher training)have been upgraded. Since 2017,the state has gradually launched specialty training. In the process of promoting resident and specialty training,some problems were exposed. Hence,pediatrician training needs to be in line with the“top-level design”of national health,such as the system of tiered medical services,and family physician contract system;to handle the phases and continuity of different stages of medical education;to learn foreign excellent experience based on the national conditions of China. With good top-level design,medical and educational collaboration,learning international advanced experience based on our national conditions,a standardized medical training system with Chinese characteristics will be built,which will enhance the overall level of our medical team.

Semantic type framework in top-level ontology of military medicine / 军事医学

Objective To analyze the use of the semantic type of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to find problems with the semantic type framework and make it more scientific and comprehensive.Methods Using data driven method, the frequency with which the semantic type of the top-level ontology of military medicine was used in military medical core concepts was statistically analyzed.Results By ranking the use frequency of the semantic types, the semantic types which had higher or lower frequency, and those that had never been used were analyzed.Conclusion The established semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine is basically consistent with the expression of military medical knowledge and can be constantly updated and improved with the development of military medicine.

Construction of semantic relations of the top-level ontology of military medicine / 军事医学

Objective To explore a construction method of semantic relations of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to construct the top-level ontology semantic network.Methods The military medical corpus was selected,and the relationships between the concepts were extracted using text analysis.On the basis of inheriting the semantic relations of UMLS,the special semantic relations of military medicine were added.Results A method of establishing the semantic relations of the top-level ontology of military medicine was proposed,the applicability of which was verified by example of the branch of military medical equipment.Conclusion The proposed method is effective and feasible,which can provide important support to the establishment of top-level semantic networks of military medicine.

Construction of semantic type framework in top-level ontology of military medicine / 军事医学

Objective To explore the construction method of semantic types of military medical ontology and to establish a framework for the semantic types of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to lay the foundation for the construction of military medical ontology and provide support for knowledge organization, knowledge disclosure and knowledge service of military medical information resources.Methods Using the method of document measurement, the core concept set of military medicine was constructed.On the basis of the framework of the top-level semantic types of Unified Medical Language System(UMLS), the semantic type framework was completed by the combination of bottom-up and top-down modes, using semantic analysis and expert consultation.Results By classifying the same kind of knowledge points of military medicine into one semantic type, the hierarchical structure of the semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine was obtained.Conclusion The proposed method is effective and practical for the construction of the semantic types of military medical ontology.The established semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine could reconstruct military medical knowledge and provide the basic framework for the establishment of the semantic relationships of the top-level ontology of military medicine.

Thinking of Medical Students′Ecological Moral Cultivation under the View of Beautiful China / 中国医学伦理学

Firstly, this paper analyzed the significance of strengthening medical students’ ecological moral ed-ucation under the view of Beautiful China. Secondly, it discussed the present situation of ecological moral and the reasons of lacking of ecological moral in medical students. At last, the authors pointed out the countermeasures to strengthen the moral cultivation of medical students’ ecological countermeasures under the view of Beautiful China. Therefore, we must strengthen the top-level design to ensure the ecological moral education enter into the national education system, enhance to maintain power to build the full-area coverage ecological moral teaching system, and strengthen institutional construction to establish long-term mechanism of ecologic moral education.

Impact Of Effective and Powered Communication in The Modern Organizations and Suggestions to Remove Barriers In The Way of Effective Communication.

Any company or Organization is made of by the employees whether they are belongs to top level, middle level or lower level of organization. A stronge organization shows its strong mutual relation among the employees to employees or between managers to employees. Mutual relations largely depends on their effective and efficient communication. Effective communication make easier decision making for the top level managers and making effective planning. Along with this effective communication helps top level managers to set effective objectives and goals. Effective communication generate the feeling of cooperation among the employees. it enhance the productivity of organization which leads to expansion of company or organization. effective and improved communication is the back bone of company.

Important Measures and Dominents of Appointment or Recruitment Period in an Organization.

In an organization, best performance is not depends on the shoulders of top level mangers but depends on the whole staff. They get participation in all activities,in their job and tasks for the success of an organization and achievement of its predetermined goals. For this it is essential to make a strong team and for that the human resorce manager have tough task to make adequate team and skille d staff.There are some systematic steps can be taken by which a human resource manger to ensure that the right type of persons are available within an organization in right numbers. managers should not show hurry in interview process because this is a crucial time to judge a candidate completely. existing or current employees are the strong asset of organization so managers must take help in this process of new employment. Human resource managers must take help in decision making process of new employment from existing employees, they are the key factors of organization.

Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between elite soccer and volleyball players / Estudio comparativo de medidas antropométricas y composición corporal entre jugadores élite de fútbol y voleibol

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of elite soccer and volleyball players as well as to make comparisons between them. Seventy-one males were enrolled in the study, divided into three groups: twenty-six soccer players, fourteen volleyball players and thirty-one healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for the anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using the standardized procedures recommended by established literature. Data was analyzed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect the effects of each type of sport. The results showed that a significant difference was found for body height, body weight and body mass index as well as for all three of the body contents measured (muscle, bone and fat) among the groups. Volleyball players were significantly taller than soccer players and the subjects of the control group, while soccer players were significantly heavier than volleyball players and the subjects of the control group. Hence, the subjects of the control group had significantly higher body mass index when compared with other counterpart. The muscle contents in soccer players were significantly higher than that of all other subjects. On the other hand, the bone contents in soccer players were only significantly higher than the bone contents in the subjects of the control group. Lastly, the fat content in the body of all groups in this study was significantly different and soccer players had the lowest percent of the fat content, while the subjects of the control group had the highest. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest to them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during the recruitment.

El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas y composición corporal de jugadores de élite de fútbol y de voléibol con el objetivo de realizar las comparaciones entre ellos. Fueron incluidos en el estudio 71 hombres. Los participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos: 26 jugadores de fútbol, 14 de voléibol y 31 sujetos sedentarios sanos. Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados para las medidas antropométricas requeridas para el cálculo de las variables de composición del cuerpo. Se utilizaron los procedimientos recomendados por la literatura establecida. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el programa SPSS y la estadística descriptiva se expresó como Media (DE) y para cada variable se realizaron pruebas ANOVA y LSD post hoc para detectar los efectos de cada tipo de deporte. En los resultados se registró una diferencia significativa de altura corporal, peso corporal e índice de masa corporal, como también para las tres medidas de contenido corporal (músculo, hueso y grasa) entre los grupos. Los jugadores de voléibol eran significativamente más altos que los jugadores de fútbol y los sujetos del grupo de control. Los jugadores de fútbol eran significativamente más pesados que los jugadores de voléibol y los sujetos del grupo de control. Por lo tanto, los sujetos del grupo control tuvieron significativamente mayor índice de masa corporal en comparación con los otros grupos. El contenido muscular de los jugadores de fútbol fue significativamente mayor que el de los otros sujetos. Por otra parte, el contenido óseo en jugadores de fútbol solamente fue significativamente más alto que los sujetos del grupo control. El contenido de grasa en todos los grupos de este estudio fue significativamente diferente y los jugadores de fútbol registraron el porcentaje de proporción de grasas más bajo, mientras que los sujetos del grupo control registraron el más alto. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para los entrenadores de la región, como también para mejorar el conocimiento práctico y seguir los métodos de un proceso de selección con mayor cautela durante el reclutamiento.

Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between elite soccer and basketball players / Estudio comparativo de las medidas antropométricas y composición corporal entre futbolistas de elite y jugadores de básquetbol

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of elite soccer and basketball players as well as to make comparisons between them. Seventy-one males were enrolled in the study, divided into three groups: twenty-six soccer players, fourteen basketball players and thirty-one healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for the anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using the standardized procedures recommended by established literature. Data was analyzed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect the effects of each type of sport. The results showed there was no significant difference in body mass index among the groups, while a significant difference was found for body height and body weight as well as for all three of the body contents measured (muscle, bone and fat) among the groups. Basketball players were significantly taller and heavier than soccer players and the subjects of the control group, while there was also a significant difference between the weight of soccer players and the subjects of the control group, who were significantly heavier. The muscle and bone contents in the bodies of the subjects in the control group were significantly lower than that of all other subjects while there was no difference between soccer and basketball players. Lastly, the fat content in the body of the subjects in the control group was significantly higher than that of all of the other subjects, while there was no difference between soccer and basketball players...

El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas y de composición corporal de los jugadores de fútbol y básquetbol de élite, así como hacer comparaciones entre ellos. Setenta y un hombres fueron incluidos en el estudio, divididos en tres grupos: 26 jugadores de fútbol, 14 jugadores de básquetbol y 31 sujetos sedentarios sanos. Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados para obtener las medidas antropométricas requeridas para el cálculo de las variables de composición corporal, utilizando los procedimientos normalizados recomendados. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa SPSS y los datos estadísticos descriptivos se expresaron como media (desviación estándar) para cada variable. Además se utilizaron las pruebas de ANOVA y LSD que se llevaron a cabo para detectar los efectos de cada tipo de deporte. Los resultados mostraron que no existía diferencia significativa en el índice de masa corporal entre los grupos, mientras que se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para la altura del cuerpo y el peso corporal, así como para las tres variables medidas del cuerpo (músculo, hueso y grasa) entre los grupos. Los jugadores de básquetbol fueron significativamente más altos y pesados que los jugadores de fútbol y los sujetos del grupo de control, mientras que también hubo una diferencia significativa entre el peso de los jugadores de fútbol y los sujetos del grupo de control, que fueron significativamente más pesados. El contenido muscular y óseo de los sujetos en el grupo control fue significativamente menor, mientras que no hubo diferencias entre los jugadores de fútbol y baloncesto. Por último, el contenido de grasa en el cuerpo de los sujetos en el grupo de control fue significativamente mayor que la de los otros sujetos, mientras que no hubo diferencia entre los jugadores de fútbol y de básquetbol...