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Objective To explore the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome types of diabetic nephropathy(DN) patients and inflammatory factors, thus to supply evidence for syndrome differentiation, clinical treatment, illness evaluation and prognosis of DN patients. Methods The study was carried out in 120 cases of DN patients, and the patients were differentiated into TCM syndromes according to the clinical manifestations. Blood and urine samples were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation of syndrome types with blood and urine tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and IL-10 was analyzed, and the detection results were compared to 30 healthy volunteers. Results (1) Compared with the healthy control, abnormal blood and urine TWEAK content and abnormal blood IL-1β were shown in DN patients at the stages of non-albuminuria, small-amount albuminuria, large-amount albuminuria, and renal insufficiency(P<0.05); blood IL-10 content was increased in DN patients without albuminuria(P<0.05).(2) DN patients with yin-deficiency and dryness-heat had higher blood and urine TWEAK contents than DN patients with other syndrome types (P<0.05). The blood TWEAK content was in decreasing sequence in the syndrome types of yin-deficiency and dryness-heat, Qi-yin deficiency, spleen-kidney Qi deficiency, yin-yang deficiency; the urine TWEAK content was in decreasing sequence in the syndrome types of yin-deficiency and dryness-heat, Qi-yin deficiency, spleen-kidney Qi deficiency, yin-yang deficiency(P<0.05). DN patients with damp-heat syndrome had the highest blood IL-1βcontent (P < 0.05), and yin-deficiency and dryness-heat had the lowest IL-1β content (P < 0.05). DN patients with yin-deficiency and dryness-heat had higher blood IL-10 content (P<0.05), and the blood IL-10 content was in decreasing sequence in the syndrome types of yin-deficiency and dryness-heat, Qi-yin deficiency, spleen-kidney Qi deficiency, yin-yang deficiency. Conclusion TCM syndrome types of DN patients are correlated with TWEAK, IL-1β and IL-10, and the results will supply evidence for syndrome differentiation, clinical treatment, illness evaluation and prognosis of DN patients .
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Objective To explore the correlation of modern medical examination indexes with the traditional Chinese medical syndrome types of reflux esophagitis ( RE) , thus to supply evidence for the standardization of syndrome differentiation. Methods Seventy-six RE patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. And then we investigated the correlation of traditional Chinese medical syndrome types with endoscopicmucosal performance grading, plasma Ghrelin content, esophageal mucosal substance P ( SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) . Results (1) Syndrome patterns of RE showed certain correlation with the endoscopic mucosal performance (P<0.01) . Endoscopic mucosal performance grade 0-Ⅲ corresponded to the syndromes of gallbladder heat attaching stomach, liver-stomach disharmony/phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer, hepatogastric stagnant heat, middle energizer deficiency with reversed flow of qi, respectively. ( 2) The plasma Ghrelin content of RE patients with syndrome of phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer was lower than that of the patients with other syndrome patterns, and the difference was significant compared with the syndromes of hepatogastric sta gnant heat, liver-stomach disharmony, and gallbladder heat attaching stomach ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . ( 3 ) The expression level of SP in the esophageal mucosa was the highest in the syndrome of hepatogastric stagnant heat, and was the lowest in the syndrome of phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer; expression level of VIP in the esophageal mucosa was the highest in the syndrome of middle energizer deficiency with reversed flow of qi, and was the lowest in the syndrome of hepatogastric stagnant heat ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Traditional Chinese medical syndrome types of RE have correlation with endoscopic mucosal performance and immunohistochemical detection results for gastrointestinal hormones, which will be beneficial to the estimation of the development and severity of RE.
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Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of primary osteoporosis syndrome types from the perspective of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) , thus to reveal the nature of osteoporosis and its traditional Chinese medical syndrome types. Methods A total of 210 osteoporosis women patients meeting the diagnostic criteria, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were collected from July of 2011 to October of 2013. The osteoporosis patients were differentiated into the syndrome types of yin deficiency of liver and kidney ( N=67) , yang deficiency of spleen and kidney ( N=70) and qi stagnation and blood stasis ( N=73) . And a total of 69 age-matched post-menopause non-osteoporosis patients were chosen as the control group, which were classified into the syndrome of harmony of Qi and blood. The peripheral blood was sampled for detecting mtDNA copy number with fluorescent quantitatitation PCR and for examining 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Statistical methods was used to analyze the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) with mtDNA copy number and 8-OHdG content in different groups. Results The difference of mtDNA copy number was significant between the osteoporosis patients and non-osteoporosis patients (P<0.05), and was also significant among the three syndrome types of osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) . And 8-OHdG content showed the same features between the osteoporosis patients and non-osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) and among the three syndrome types of osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) . The correlation analysis results showed that mtDNA copy number was positively correlated with BMD, while 8-OHdG was negatively correlated with BMD in each group. Conclusion The mtDNA copy number and 8-OHdG content are correlated with the syndrome types of primary osteoporosis patients, and close correlation is shown between spleen-kidney yang deficiency and 8-OHdG, and between liver-kidney yin deficiency and mtDNA copy number.