The Level of Autoantibodies Targeting Eukaryote Translation Elongation Factor 1 α1 and Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2L3 in Nondiabetic Young Adults

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of novel type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) antibodies targeting eukaryote translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 autoantibody (EEF1A1-AAb) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2L3 autoantibody (UBE2L3-AAb) has been shown to be negatively correlated with age in T1DM subjects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether age affects the levels of these two antibodies in nondiabetic subjects. METHODS: EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels in nondiabetic control subjects (n=150) and T1DM subjects (n=101) in various ranges of age (18 to 69 years) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cutoff point for the presence of each autoantibody was determined based on control subjects using the formula: [mean absorbance+3×standard deviation]. RESULTS: In nondiabetic subjects, there were no significant correlations between age and EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels. However, there was wide variation in EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels among control subjects <40 years old; the prevalence of both EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb in these subjects was 4.4%. When using cutoff points determined from the control subjects <40 years old, the prevalence of both autoantibodies in T1DM subjects was decreased (EEFA1-AAb, 15.8% to 8.9%; UBE2L3-AAb, 10.9% to 7.9%) when compared to the prevalence using the cutoff derived from the totals for control subjects. CONCLUSION: There was no association between age and EEF1A1-AAb or UBE2L3-AAb levels in nondiabetic subjects. However, the wide variation in EEF1A1-AAb and UBE2L3-AAb levels apparent among the control subjects <40 years old should be taken into consideration when determining the cutoff reference range for the diagnosis of T1DM.

First Report and Characterization of Pestalotiopsis ellipsospora Causing Canker on Acanthopanax divaricatus

Acanthopanax divaricatus, a member of the Araliaceae family, has been used as an invigorant in traditional Korean medicine. During disease monitoring, a stem with small, irregular, brown lesions was sampled at a farm in Cheonan in 2011. The symptoms seen were sunken cankers and reddish-brown needles on the infected twig. The isolated fungal colonies were whitish, having crenated edges and aerial mycelium on the surface, and with black gregarious fruiting bodies. The reverse plate was creamy white. Conidia were 17~22 x 3.5~4.2 microm, fusiform, 4-septate, and straight to slightly curved. The nucleotide sequence of the partial translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene of the fungal isolate, shares 99% sequence identity with that of known Pestalotiopsis ellipsospora. Based on the results of the morphological and molecular analyses, the fungal isolate was identified as P. ellipsospora. In Korea, this is the first report of canker on A. divaricatus.

Effects of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 over expression on in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of over-expression of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (EEF1A2) on in vitro invasion and lung metastasis of human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.Methods Letivirus-mediated delivery of EEF1A2 was used to enhance the expression of EEF1A2 gene in human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells,the SW1990 cells stably over-expressing EEF1A2 protein (SW1990/EEF1A2 cells) were obtained,and the parent SW1990 cells and SW1990/GFP cells were used as the control,and the expressions of EEF1 A2 mRNA and protein were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blotting.The invasion ability of cells was determined by Transwell assay.The lung metastasis model was established by injection of SW1990 cells into the tail vein.Whole lung tissues were harvested,and visible nodules on tung surface were counted macroscopically 8 weeks later.Results The EEF1 A2 mRNA expression of SW1990/EEF1A2 was 3.252 ± 0.344,which was significantly higher than those in SW1990/GFP cells (1.000 ±0.060) and SW1990 cells (0.944 ±0.041,t =2.255,2.305,P＜0.01) ; the EEF1A2 protein expression was 0.833 ± 0.050,which was significantly higher than those in SW1990/GFP cells (0.247 ± 0.035) and SW1990 cells (0.273± 0.041,t=0.572,0.559,P＜0.01).The ability of invasion of SW1990/EEF1A2 cells was (60 ±4) cells,which was sigmificantly higher than (33 ±4) cells in SW1990/GFP group and (26 ± 3) cells in SW1990 group (t =31.33,34.78,P ＜ 0.01).Furthernore,SW1990/EEF1 A2 cells had a much higher incidence of lung metastasis in nude mice than SW1990/GFP cells and SW1990 cells in vivo (100％ vs.20％,20％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EEF1 A2 over-expression can obviously increase the in vitro invasion and lung metastasis of pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.

Targeted gene silencing of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 inhibits migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 in vitro / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the effect of targeted gene silencing of homo sapiens EEF1A2 (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2) on migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 in vitro , and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression levels of EEF1A2 in four strains of human pancreatic cancer cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. EEF1A2-siRNA (small interference RNA) and negative control siRNA were transfected into BxPC-3 cells, respectively. Then the mRNA and protein expressions of EEF1A2 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The abilities of migration and invasion of BxPC-3 cells were determined by wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. The changes of expressions of p-Akt and total Akt proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results: Of the four strains of human pancreatic cancer cells, SW1990 cells displayed a low level of EEF1A2, and the remaining three strains of human pancreatic cancer cells including BxPC-3, Patu8988 and Panc-1 all displayed high expressions of EEF1A2. At 48 h post-transfection, the expression levels of EEF1A2 mRNA and protein in BxPC-3 cells transfected with EEF1A2-siRNA were significantly decreased as compared with those transfected with negative control siRNA or without any transfection (P 0.05). Conclusion: Targeted silencing of EEF 1A 2 by siRNA can obviously inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells in vitro . This effect may be associated with Akt signaling pathway regulated by EEF1A2. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

Inhibition of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 expression induces apoptosis in pancreatic cell line and its possible mechanisms / 中华消化杂志

Objective To elucidate whether down-regulation of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (EEF1A2) expression induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and its possible mechanisms. Methods Two siRNAs targeting human EEF1A2 were synthesized and the siRNA/liposome complexes were transfected into the pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. RTPCR and Western blot were used to analyze the change of EEF1A2 expression and the apoptosis rate of BxPC-3 cells was studied using Annexin-V/PI assay. To identify the mechanisms involved, the apoptosis associated proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, PARP, cytochrome C and Bid were detected by Western blotting. Results Both EEF1A2-targeting siRNAs reduced the EEF1A2expression, and the No. 2 siRNA inhibited EEF1A2 expression to less than 25 % in mRNA and protein levels. Down-regulation of EEF1A2 expression in BxPC-3 cells enhanced cell apoptosis (15.28% ±3.65%) at a greater level than negative siRNA-expressing cells (10. 11% ± 3. 05%) or mock cells (9.41 % ±4.14 %). Furthermore, reduction of EEF1A2 activated the pro-caspase-8, pro-caspase-3,pro-caspase-9,PARP and Bid to their active forms, and increased the expression of cytochrome C.Conclusions These data suggest that EEF1A2 down-regulation could significantly induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3, which is likely mediated by the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.

Comparison of RAPD, AFLP, and EF-1alpha Sequences for the Phylogenetic Analysis of Fusarium oxysporum and Its formae speciales in Korea

Although Fursarium oxysporum causes diseases in economically important plant hosts, identification of F. oxysporum formae speciales has been difficult due to confusing phenotypic classification systems. To resolve these complexity, we evaluated genetic relationship of nine formae speciales of F. oxysporum with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1alpha) gene. In addition, the correlation between mycotoxin content of fusaric acid and isolates based on molecular marker data was evaluated using the modified Mantel's test. According to these result, these fusaric acid-producing strains could not identify clearly, and independent of geographic locations and host specificities. However, in the identification of F. oxysporum formae speciales, especially, AFLP analysis showed a higher discriminatory power than that of a the RAPD and EF-1alpha analyses, all three techniques were able to detect genetic variability among F. oxysporum formae speciales in this study.