Effect of Suanzaoren Tang on Energy Metabolism of Liver Mitochondria in Aged Rats with Chronic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation and Its Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Suanzaoren Tang on energy metabolism of liver mitochondria in aged rats with chronic rapid eye movement （REM） sleep deprivation. Method:Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， estazolam group （0.18 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low- （6.48 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and high-dose （12.96 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Suanzaoren Tang groups. Rats in all groups except for the control group received subcutaneous injection of <italic>D</italic>-galactose and then were deprived of sleep using the multiple platform method after the last administration. Following successful modeling， the rats in each group were treated with intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs for seven consecutive days. The morphology of liver mitochondria was observed under the transmission electron microscope. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in rat liver was detected by colorimetry， and the activities of ubiquinone oxidoreductase （complex Ⅰ）， succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase （complex Ⅱ）， ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase （complex Ⅲ）， and cytochrome c oxidase （complex Ⅳ） in mitochondrial respiratory chain of rat liver were measured by colorimetry. The protein expression levels of citrate synthase （CS）， isocitrate dehydrogenase （IDH）， and ATP synthase， H⁺ transporting， mitochondrial F0 complex， subunit b， isoform 1 （ATP5F1） in rat liver were assayed by Western blot. Result:The mitochondrial damage in rat liver of the model group was more serious than that in the control group， manifested as mitochondrial swelling and deformation as well as cristae rupture and reduction. The comparison with the model group revealed that both the positive control and Suanzaoren Tang at the high dose obviously alleviated the mitochondrial swelling and deformation and reduced cristae rupture， with better improvements observed in the high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group. Compared with the control group， the content of ATP， the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ， and Ⅳ， and the protein expression levels of IDH， CS， and ATP5F1 in rat liver of the model group were all significantly decreased （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. Compared with the model group， the content of ATP， the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ， and Ⅳ， and the protein expression levels of IDH， CS， and ATP5F1 in rat liver of the high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group were all significantly increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.05，<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. In the positive control group， the content of ATP， the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and Ⅲ， and the protein expression levels of CS and ATP5F1 in rat liver were significantly increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.05，<italic> P<</italic>0.01）. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ and Ⅲ and the ATP5F1 protein expression in the low-dose Suanzaoren Tang group were significantly elevated （<italic>P<</italic>0.05， <italic>P<</italic>0.01）. Conclusion:Suanzaoren Tang alleviates the abnormal liver energy metabolism induced by chronic REM sleep deprivation in the elderly rats， which may be related to its enhancement of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activities and the up-regulation of protein expression levels of CS， IDH and ATP5F1.

Effect of Suanzaoren Tang on Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis in Hypothalamus of Elderly Rats with Chronic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Suanzaoren Tang on mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Method:Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， estazolam group （0.18 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low- （6.48 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and high-dose （12.96 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Suanzaoren Tang groups. Rats in all groups except for the control group received subcutaneous injection of <italic>D</italic>-galactose and then were deprived of sleep using the multiple platform method after the last administration. Following successful modeling， the rats in each group were treated with intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs for seven consecutive days. The morphology of mitochondria in hypothalamus was observed under a transmission electron microscope. The activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase in hypothalamus were detected by spectrophotometry. Western blotting was conducted to determine the protein expression levels of cytochrome C （Cyt C）， B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3） in hypothalamus. Result:In the control group， there was no obvious pathological change in mitochondria， which were moderate in size and oval or spindle in shape， with the cristae arranged orderly. Compared with the control group， the model group exhibited abnormal mitochondrial morphology， manifested as obvious swelling， vacuolation， myelin figures， and cristae rupture and reduction. The comparison with the model group revealed that both the estazolam group and high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group alleviated the mitochondrial damage and reduced the vacuolation and swelling. Only some cristae rupture was present. The improvements were more obvious in the high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group. Compared with the control group， the activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and the Bcl-2 protein expression in the model group were significantly decreased （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， whereas the protein expression levels of Cyt C， Bax， and Caspase-3 were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and the Bcl-2 protein expression in the estazolam group and the high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group were significantly elevated （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， while the protein expression levels of Cyt C， Bax， and Caspase-3 were significantly lowered （<italic>P<</italic>0.05， <italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and the Bcl-2 protein expression in the low-dose Suanzaoren Tang group were increased significantly （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， but the Bax protein expression was down-regulated （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）. Conclusion:Suanzaoren Tang is able to improve the mitochondrial function of hypothalamic nerve cells and inhibit their apoptosis.

Effect of Suanzaoren Tang on Energy Metabolism of Myocardial Mitochondria in Aged Rats with Chronic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the mechanism of Suanzaoren Tang in regulating the energy metabolism of myocardial mitochondria in aged rats with chronic rapid eye movement （REM） sleep deprivation through the sirtuin 3 （SIRT3）/superoxide dismutase2 （SOD2） signaling pathway. Method:Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， estazolam group （0.18 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low- （6.48 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and high-dose （12.96 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Suanzaoren Tang groups. Rats in all groups except for the control group received subcutaneous injection of <italic>D</italic>-galactose and then were deprived of sleep using the multiple platform method after the last administration. Following successful modeling， the rats in each group were treated with intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs for seven consecutive days. The morphology of myocardial mitochondria was observed under a transmission electron microscope. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in rat hypothalamus was detected by colorimetry， while the malondialdehyde （MDA） content and the SOD activity in myocardium were measured by spectrophotometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT3 and SOD2 in rat myocardium. The localization of SIRT3 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Result:Compared with the control group， the model group exhibited a disordered arrangement of myocardial filaments， accompanied by filament rupture and dissolution， obviously swollen mitochondria arranged in disorder， and blurring and even rupture of most mitochondrial cristae. Besides， the content of ATP and SOD activity in the myocardium decreased significantly （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， whereas that of MDA increased significantly （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT3 and SOD2 were down-regulated significantly （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， and the average fluorescence intensity of SIRT3 protein declined significantly （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The comparison with the model group revealed that high-dose Suanzaoren Tang enabled the myocardial filaments to be neatly arranged， relieved the mitochondrial damage and swelling， only manifested as partial mitochondrial cristae rupture， significantly increased ATP content， SOD activity， as well as SIRT3 and SOD2 mRNA and protein expression levels （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， reduced the content of MDA （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， and enhanced the average fluorescence intensity of SIRT3 protein （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）. The myocardial mitochondrial injury in the estazolam group was also alleviated. The activity of SOD and the SIRT3 and SOD2 mRNA and protein expression levels in the myocardium were significantly elevated （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， while the activity of MDA was significantly lowered （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. In the low-dose Suanzaoren Tang group， the improvement in myocardial mitochondrial injury was not obvious. However， both the SOD activity and SOD2 protein expression were significantly increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）. Conclusion:Suanzaoren Tang ameliorates the myocardial mitochondria injury and abnormal energy metabolism induced by chronic REM sleep deprivation in aged rats possibly by up-regulating the SIRT3 and SOD2 expression.

Research progress on the methods of observation and analysis of dental bonding interfaces / 口腔疾病防治

@#Dental bonding technology and materials have been used widely in dentistry because of their excellent properties. The development of novel bonding technology and materials is constantly being performed to improve the effect of dental bonding restorations. Observation and analysis of the dental bonding interface is one of the most important methods for laboratory evaluation of bonding efficiency. This paper aims to review the methods of observation and analysis of dental bonding interfaces to provide a reference for the selection of evaluation methods in dental bonding research. The features of 6 methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were described and summarized. Among these methods, SEM and TEM are used most often in the analysis of fine structures; CLSM and OCT are used for the acquisition of characteristic image signals, such as microleakage and exogenous and endogenous fluorescence; and RS and AFM can test chemical composition and mechanical properties.

Effect of astragalus polysaccharide on autophagy and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer A549 cells induced by xanthine oxidase / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the regulatory effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on AKT/PI3K signa-ling pathway in lung cancer A549 cells. Methods The autophagy model was established by xanthine oxidase (XOD). Then the intervention was carried out with 100, 200, 400 mg • L"1 of APS and 3-methylade-nine (3-MA). Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) method, transmission electron microscope and Western blot were used to detect the effect of APS on the proliferation, autophagy and autophagy marker molecules respectively in lung cancer A549 autophagy model. Results Compared with blank group, cell growth of the model group was accelerated; the number of autophagosomes increased , and the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B (LC3B) and PI3K significantly increased, while p62 and AKT markedly decreased (P < 0. 05) . Compared with model group, cell growth slowed down, and the number of autophagosomes decreased; the expression of LC3B and PI3K significantly decreased. However, p62 AND AKT expression significantly increased (P <0. 05) in 200 or 400 mg • L"'of APS-treatedgroups. Compared with 3-MA-treated group,the expression of LC3B significantly decreased in 200 mg • L"1 of APS-treated group(P <0. 05), and PI3K significantly decreased in 400 mg • L"1 of APS-treated group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion APS may exert anti-tumor effect by down-regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of human lung cancer A549 cells.

Efficiency and safety of genipin collagen crosslinking on rabbit cornea stroma model in vivo / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of genipin collagen crosslinking (G-CXL) on rabbit corneas in vivo.Methods Forty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 0.20％ G-CXL,0.25％ G-CXL,standard UVA-CXL and normal control group.And the right eyes were treated in different grouping.No procedures were performed in the normal control group.The corneal curvature (Km) and central corneal thickness (CCT) of right eyes were evaluated before,7 days and 14 days after crosslinking treatment.Cornea strips were harvested from the right eyes and tensile strain measurements were performed 7 days and 14 days after crosslinking treatment.The structure of corneal stroma was observed under light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).Results No statistically significant differences in Km were observed among different groups or different timepoints (Fgroup =0.301,P=0.825;Ftime =1.287,P=0.284).Significant difference in CCTs was noticed among different time pionts (Ftime =3.786,P =0.029).Compared with preoperative,the CCTs of all the groups were significantly increased 7 days after crosslinking (all at P＜0.05).No significant difference in CCT was found among the groups (Fgroup =0.557,P=0.646).Seven days after crosslinking treatment,the Young's modulus at 10％ strain was (1 1.96±5.74),(21.24±6.77),(18.76±3.34) and (11.56±4.37) MPa in 0.20％ G-CXL group,0.25％ G-CXL group,UVA-CXL group and normal control group,respectively;the stress at 10％ strain was (0.68 ±0.24),(1.20 ± 0.25),(1.0l ± 0.30) and (0.69 ± 0.26) MPa,respectively;the Young's modulus and stress in 0.25％ G-CXL group was significantly increased when compared with those in 0.20％ G-CXL and normal control group (both at P＜0.05).No significant difference in Young's modulus and stress was observed between 0.25％ G-CXL group and UVA-CXL group (all at P＞0.05).Forteen days after crosslinking treatment,Young's modulus at 10％strain was (16.65±3.19),(19.12±2.39),(22.83 ±4.38) and (12.70±2.72)MPa in 0.20％ G-CXL group,0.25％ G-CXL group,UVA-CXL group and normal control group,respectively;stress at 10％ strain was (0.83 ±0.12),(0.97±0.04),(1.23±0.30) and (0.65±0.20) MPa,respectively;the Young's modulus and stress in UVA-CXL group was significantly increased,when compared with 0.20％ G-CXL group and normal control group (all at P＜0.05).Statistical significance of stress was observed between 0.25％ G-CXL group and UVA-CXL group (P =0.046).There is no significant difference in Young's modulus between 0.25％ G-CXL and UVA-CXL group (P =0.090).LM showed the reduction of keratocytes existed in superficial stroma of 0.20％ and 0.25 ％ G-CXL groups,while the reduction of keratocyte was found in anterior and intermediate stroma of UVA-CXL group.In 0.20％ and 0.25％ G-CXL groups,the ultrastructure of keratocytes was normal except vacuole in some keratocytes.Keratocytes apoptosis was noticed in UVA-CXL group and keratocytes was normal in deep stroma under TEM.Conclusions 0.25％ has a similar biomechanics effect when compared to UVA-CXL.Moreover,histological observation proves a better safety of G-CXL in comparison of UVA-CXL.

A Comparative Histopathological Study of Lens Capsule and Epithelial Cells in Various Types of Cataract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathological changes of anterior capsule and lens epithelial cells in various types of cataract. METHODS: Patients scheduled for cataract surgery of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in this study. Anterior capsule tissues sized 5 mm were obtained at the time of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis during surgery. Histological examination of the obtained tissue was performed by transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Nuclear cataract showed a uniform cuboidal monolayer of epithelial cells firmly attached to the anterior capsule. But, the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum were damaged and replaced with vacuoles. Anterior subcapsular cataract showed multilayers of epithelial cells with irregular intracellular structures. Epithelial cells of mature cataract were severely damaged and detached from the anterior capsule, accompanied by expansion of intra-cellular space and a large amount of vacuoles. Epithelial cells were irregular and severely damaged, and intracellular structures were hardly observed in traumatic cataract. Deposition of pseudoexfoliation materials on the anterior capsule was observed in pseudoexfoliation cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in epithelial cells caused by fluid accumulation and electrolyte imbalance in the lens attributes more to cataract formation than do changes the in lens capsule.

Evaluation of microshear bond strength and nanoleakage of etch‑and‑rinse and self‑etch adhesives to dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide: An in vitro study.

Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of etch‑and‑rinse and self‑etch (ER and SE) bonding systems to dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI) and nanoleakage at the resin‑dentin interface using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Subjects and Methods: Seventy‑two dentin slabs of 3 mm thickness were prepared from extracted human permanent third molars and divided into four groups (n = 18) based on the dentin surface treatment as follows: (1) ER adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; (2) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by ER adhesive bonding; (3) SE adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; and (4) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by SE adhesive bonding. Resin composite was built on the dentin slabs to a height of 4 mm incrementally, and dentin‑composite beams of approximately 1 mm2 cross‑sectional area were prepared. The beams were subjected to MSBS analysis, and the fractured surface was observed under scanning electron microscope to determine the mode of failure. The resin‑dentin interface was examined under TEM for evaluation of nanoleakage. Statistical Analysis Used: One‑way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results: Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI increased the MSBS of ER and SE adhesives, though not statistically significant, except between Groups 2 and 3. In all the groups, the predominant mode of failure was adhesive followed by cohesive in resin, mixed and cohesive in dentin. TEM examination of resin‑dentin interface showed that pretreatment with 38% SDF/KI reduced nanoleakage regardless of the type of bonding system used. Conclusions: Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI minimized nanoleakage at the resin‑dentin interface without adversely affecting the bond strength of resin composite to dentin.

Heijiangdan ointment relieves oxidative stress from radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-ray in mice / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Heijiangdan Ointment ( HJD) on oxidative stress in (60)Co γ-ray radiation-induced dermatitis in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female Wistar mice with grade 4 radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-rays were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 per group); the HJD-treated, recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)-treated, Trolox-treated, and untreated groups, along with a negative control group. On the 11th and 21st days after treatment, 6 mice in each group were chosen for evaluation. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected using spectrophotometric methods. The fibroblast mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were analyzed by western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the untreated group, the levels of SOD, MDA and LDH, on the 11th and 21st days after treatment showed significant difference (P<0.05). TEM analysis indicated that fibroblast mitochondria in the untreated group exhibited swelling and the cristae appeared fractured, while in the HJD group, the swelling of mitochondria was limited and the rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared more relaxed. The expressions of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 increased in the untreated group compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the expression of FGF-2, rhEGF and Trolox in the HJD group were significantly increased compared with the untreated group (P<0.05), or compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 showed significant difference between untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05). HJD and Trolox increased the level of TGF-β1 and the difference was marked as compared with the untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HJD relieves oxidative stress-induced injury, increases the antioxidant activity, mitigates the fibroblast mitochondrial damage, up-regulates the expression of growth factor, and promotes mitochondrial repair in mice.</p>

Ultrastructure changes after blocking hepatic perfusion using microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound on liver uhrastructure during the treatment of hepatic trauma.Methods The model of hepatic trauma was established in 18 healthy New Zealand rabbits.The subjects were divided into trauma group,ultrasound group and ultrasound-microbubble group according to the random number table,with 6 rabbits each.Thicker region of the left hepatic lobe was treated by custom-made non-focused ultrasound for 5 min.Peak intensity (PI) was used to evaluate the blood reperfusion of the target region after treatment.Liver specimens were performed transmission electron microscope examination immediately and 24 h after treatment to analyze ultrastructure changes.Results PI ratio in ultrasound-microbubble group (15.1 ± 2.6) was significantly lower than that in trauma group (23.1 ± 1.1) and ultrasound group (23.4 ± 1.3) (P ＜ 0.05).But the difference between trauma and ultrasound groups was insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with trauma and ultrasound groups immediately after treatment,hepatic cells in ultrasoundmicrobubble group had obvious edema,sinusoids thinned,organelles arranged in disorder,mitochondrial edema was present,endothelia cells of interlobular hepatic artery,interlobular vein and bile canaliculi in the portal area damaged,and microvilli of bile canaliculi disappeared.Hepatic cells showed morphology of apoptosis 24 h after treatment.Conclusion Microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound can be used to make rapid hemostasis by decreasing the blood perfusion,but it causes certain damage to the ultrastructure of hepatic cells and may induce apoptosis in the radiation zone and neighboring cells.

Effect of low-dose paclitaxel on morphology of bladder in rats with infra-vesical obstruction / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effects of low-dose paclitaxel on the morphology of bladder after partial bladder outlet obstruction ( BOO) in rats.METHODS:Healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats ( n=30) were randomly di-vided into sham operation group, BOO group and low-dose paclitaxel group.The rats in BOO group and low-dose paclitaxel group received operation to establish an obstruction model, while the rats in sham group underwent sham operation.After operation, the rats in low-dose paclitaxel group received intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg twice a week for 4 weeks.At the same time, the animals in sham group and BOO group received the same volume of saline by in-traperitoneal injection.Four weeks after operation, each rat was sedated and the bladder was weighted.Histological chan-ges of the bladder were observed by HE staining.Collagen deposition in the bladder tissue was observed by Masson stai-ning, and the fibrosis area was measured.The ultrastructure of the detrusor was studied by transmission electron microsco-py.RESULTS:Compared with sham operation group, a significant increase in bladder weight (0.376 g ±0.052 g vs 0.112 g ±0.014 g, P<0.05), the muscle hypertrophy, and a decrease in the percentage of collagen area [collagen/(col-lagen+muscle), 29.66%±2.69%vs 38.94%±3.67%, P<0.05] was observed in BOO group.Under electron micro-scope, intracellular connection had more gap junction and desmosomes than intermediate junction.The cell gap widened with a large amount of collagen fiber.Compared with BOO group, low-dose paclitaxel group decreased bladder weight (0.215 g ±0.025 g vs 0.376 g ±0.052 g, P<0.05) and improved the muscle hypertrophy.The percentage of the colla-gen area was also decreased (19.94%±1.90% vs 29.66%±2.69%, P<0.05).The detrusor microstructure showed that the intermediate junction was characterized by a predominance among the intracellular connections, and the intercellu-lar space contained less collagen fibers in low-dose paclitaxel group.CONCLUSION:Low-dose paclitaxel may ameliorate the morphological damage of the bladder and recover bladder function in the rats with BOO by slowing down the process of bladder fibrosis.

Experimental study on the treatment of allergic rhinitis with photodynamic therapy / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To preliminarily investigate the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PT) treating allergic rhinitis (AR).Methods Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups,experimental group A,negative control group B and blank control group C.Rabbits of A and B groups were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to get animal AR model.Group A was treated with PDT while group B and C were applied with natural light treatment.Symptoms and signs before and after treatment were compared and the change of nasal mucosa was observed with light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results After PDT treatment,group A rabbits' AR symptoms and signs were improved significantly compared to group B,light microscope and transmission electron microscope observation showed that the number of inflammatory cells of group A rabbits decreased significantly and the mucosal structure returned to normal after PDT treatment.After 21 d,as compared with group C,the differences of the times of sneezing and scratching and nasal secretion had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Conclusions PDT has certain therapeutic effect in experimental AR treatment,which can be used in AR treatment after consummating its therapeutic mechanism.

Hairy-cell leukemia variant: a case report and review of the literatures / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To study the clinical features and differential diagnosis of hairy-cell leukemia variant (HCL-V).Methods A case with HCL-V was reported and the literatures were reviewed.Results The patient had splenomegaly for twenty years and a history of recurrent pulmonary infection.His blood routine test showed a high white blood cell count and abnormal high proportion of lymphocytes.Peripheral smear and bone marrow smear both showed significantly higher proportion of lymphocytes,part of which had soma jagged,prominent nucleoli and villous/hairy cytoplasmic projections.His hairy leukemic cells expressed CD1 1c,CD19,CD20,CD22,and had variable expression of FMC-7,CD103 and lambda,but not CD5,CD23 and CD25.Transmission electron microscope showed many monocytes with villous exist in peripheral blood.Conclusions HCL-V is a rare and an indolent form of a small,mature,B-cell leukemia,based on the clinical,peripheral smear,bone marrow smear,flow cytometric analysis and transmission electron microscopy features,a diagnosis of HCL-V is confirmed.The differential diagnosis should always include splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and HCL-C,because they have different clinical and biological features.

Impact of micro-plasma radio-frequency on animal skin tissue / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the structural and ultrastructural changes of the skin induced by micro-plasma radio-frequency technology,and to preliminarily discuss this novel technology mechanism.Methods Thirty guinea pigs were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups.They were radiated by different dose parameters 40 W,10 kJ; 60 W,10 kJ and 80 W,10 kJ.Every guinea pig's back was divided into two parts which was removed after immediately,one week and one month,and dermatopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed.Results The different dose setting could make different skin change of immediately effect.When dose setting was 40 W,10 kJ,skin showed that epidermal cells were integrity and the superficial layer of dermis collagen tissue was light homogenization.When dose setting was 60 W,10 kJ,epidermal tissue showed focal emergence of fractional shape change and obvious homogenization.When dose setting was 80 W,10 kJ,epidermal showed complete vaporization loss or degeneration necrosis,and dermal superficial and middle layer of collagen tissue showed a large area of homogenization.Skin superficial collagen tissue's structure gradually showed dense and arranged in an orderly manner after one week and markedly thickened and arranged in compact manner after one month.TEM showed that epidermal cells were relatively complete,intercellular structure was normal,but the dermal collagen lost originally normal structure and cell structure disappeared and obviously showed massive apoptosis.A small amount of apoptosis was showed but collagen structure gradually restored after one month.Conclusions The novel micro-plasma radio-frequency has obvious dose effect to skin,and its main target tissues are dermal collagen tissue.It can stimulate skin collagen hyperplasia in certain degree.

Effect of psychological stress on disk of temporomandibular joint and lateral pterygoid muscle microstructure in rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To observe the influence of psychological stress and countermeasure implementation upon the temporomandibular joint ( TMJ ) articular disc and external pterygoid muscle in rats,providing experimental and theoretical evidence for clinical treatment of psychological stress-induced temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Methods The animal models treated by psychological stress induced by alternating current box were established.Before and after subjected to psychological stress,rats were given anxiolytic drugs to eliminate stressors.For all the rats in control group,psychological stress group ( PS group),and psychological stress plus anxiolytic drug injection group ( ( PS + DI) group),the microstructure of TMJ articular disc and external pterygoid muscle the changes in RNA expression of interleukin-1 ( 1L-1 ) were investigated by using transmission electron microscope (TEM),scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) and RT-PCR methods,respectively.Statistical analysis was performed upon the obtained test results.Results The TEM showed pathlogical changes in rats'pterygoid muscles of PS group at 1,3 and 5 weeks,including edema,reduction of substrate density and microchondrial cristae.Instead,these structures were all showed normal in the group of PS + DI and recovering group after removal of stressor.For the rats in PS group,SEM observation revealed that partial synovium of articular disc began to disintegrate 1 week after psychological stress.Strip-like wear degenerations were shown in the surface collagenous fiber in articular disc 3 weeks later,and the surface collagenous fibers in articular disc were arrayed in disorder 5 weeks following stress treatment.No significant microstructural changes in articular disc were observed in all stressor-eliminating groups and ( PS + DI) group 1,3,and 5 weeks following stress treatment.Statistical significance was noted in RNA expression level of IL-1 between PS group and PS + DI group (P＜0.05).In addition,there was significant difference in IL-1 expression between PS group and all stressor-eliminating groups.Conclusion The implementation of countermeasures effectively counteracted the influence upon TMJ induced by psychological stress,and provided possible resolutions for the clinical treatment of TMD induced by psychological stress.

Changes of spacial learning and memory abilities and ultrastructure of hippocampus in perimenopausal depression model rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To observe changes of spacial learning and memory and the ultrastructure of hippocampus in perimenopausal depression model rats. Methods Thirty-six female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(9 in each). Normal group wasn't given any stress, and stressed group was given isolation-housing in combination with chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS) for 21 days. Ovariectomized group was given ovary resecting, and model group was made by resecting the ovaries of female rats, then giving isolation-housing in combination with 21 days of CUMS. Morris water maze test were used to test rats' behaviors. Light microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the tissular structure of hippocampus. Results After ovaries resecting and 21 days of CUMS,the escape periods of rats in model group during the first three days ( (44.08 ± 18.29)s; ( 38.80 ± 19.07 ) s; ( 22.74 ± 14.13 ) s) were longer than ovariectomizd group ( (43.68 ± 10. 37 ) s; ( 20.28 ±17.75)s;(21.22 ± 11.91 )s] and normal group( (34.50 ± 11.08)s;(21.42 ± 14.32) s;( 13.94 ±9.76) s). HE staining showed that hippocampal pyramidal cell layer became thinner in rat model of depression,the gap between cells increased,and the cells arrayed in disorder,or loosely,even a large number of cells were lost. Transmission electron microscope showed that in rats of model group, hippocampal neurons were less, nuclear collapsed, the whole nuclear membrane was fuzzy and there were some local fractures in the nuclear membrane. Mitochondria within the cytoplasm were swelling and their ridges disappeared. Conclusion The decline of spacial learning and memory abilities in perimenopausal depression model rats might result from pathological changes in hippocampus.

Effects of hypothermia induced by 4 ℃ normal saline on liver in a swine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To assess the effects of hypothermia induced by 4 ℃ normal saline (NS) on biochemical function, enzymology and morphology of liver in swine after the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest(CA). Method The swine were resuscitated with standard CPR 4 minutes after ventricular fibrillation(VF) ,and the survived swine were randomly(random number) divided into two groups. In hypothermia(LT) group (n = 5), swine were treated with continuous infusion of 4 ℃ NS at the speed of 1.33 mL/(kg·min) for 22 min, and then slow the speed to 10 mL/(kg·h) for 4 h. In normothermia (NT) group ( n= 5) swine were treated with the infusion of NS with room temperature instead of cryogenic NS at the same speed as the LT group. The hemodynamics and the changes of blood gas were monitored until 4 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and blood samples were taken to detect serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) before VFand 10 min, 2 h and 4 h after ROSC. All swine were sacrificed 24 hours after ROSC, and their liver tissues were taken away for detecting Na+ -K + -ATP enzyme and Ca2+ -ATP enzyme as well as the histological changes under both light and electron microscopy. ResultsThe heart rate, MAP, cardiac output(CO) and coronary perfusion pressure(CPP) of swine were stable in LT group ( P ＞ 0.05). The AST, ALT and LDH increased in both groups but less in LT group. The hepatic ATP enzyme activity was much higher in LT group ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with the NT group, there were less cellularedema,necrosis or inflammatory cells infiltration, and better morphosis of mitochondria of livers found in swine of LT group. Conclusions The continuous administration of 4 ℃ NS after ROSC could quickly lower the core body temperature, and it could keep hemodynamics and oxygen metabolisms stable, protecting the biochemical function,enzymology and morphology of liver in swine after CPR.

Effects of medical polyacrylamide hydrogel on human fibroblasts: a transmission electron microscopic study / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objecttive To explore the effect of medical polyacrylamide hydrogel on the ultrastructure of human fibroblasts.Methods 22 hyperplastic fibropeplos around the medical polyacrylamide hydrogel in mammaries after augmentation mammoplasty by injection of medical polyacrylamide hydrogel were obtained by operations.The tissues were observed with the transmission electron microscope and at the same time photographs taken.Results Most of cell organoles dissolved and disappeared;Most of the cristaes and membranes of mitochondria coalesced or disappeared;rough endoplasmic reticulum expanded.Most of the cristaes and membranes coalesced or/and disappeared.The phenomenon of shed particle was observed in some of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusion The medical polyacrylamide hydrogel obviously injures the ultrastructures of human fibroblasts.

Protective effects of Lazaroid on early-stage diabetic retinopathy of rats / 上海第二医科大学学报

0.05).Amplitudes of OPs and b wave were significantly decreased after experiment in STZinduced diabetic group(P

Effect of Local Delivery of Paclitaxel on Anastomotic Wound Healing of the Common Bile Duct in Guinea Pig / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of local delivery of paclitaxel on bile duct scar formation and biliary stricture in guinea pig.Methods Models of end-to-end anastomosis of the common bile duct were established in 42 guinea pigs.The animals were randomly divided into paclitaxel and control groups.In the paclitaxel group,the drug solution(1000 ?mol/L,0.05 ml) was smeared onto the anastomotic wound before closing the abdomen.The animals were killed in 3 days,2 weeks,and 1 month after the operation(7 in each group at each time point).The sepcimens of the common bile duct were obtained for histological examination.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the ultrastructure of paclitaxel-induced apoptotic cells.Results Histological examination showed inflammatory reaction and hyperplasia of the bile duct wall.The bile duct wall of the paclitaxel group was significantly thiner than that of the control group in 3 days and 1 month after the operation [3 days:(574.41?24.53)?m vs(802.98?24.42) ?m,t=-6.604,P=0.000;1 month:(1383.36?36.64) ?m vs(1518.56?34.89)?m,t=-2.672,P=0.020].Paclitaxel-induced cell apoptosis and injured cell organs were found by transmission electron microscopy.Conclusion Single local delivery of paclitaxel can inhibit biliary stricture in one month.