Effects of group mindfulness yoga training on sleep quality in college students / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of mindfulness yoga training on sleep quality in college students， so as to provide references for the intervention of sleep problems in college students. MethodsFrom March 28， 2021 to April 20， 2021， A sample of 45 college students with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） score ≥8 was recruited. Participants were randomly divided into study group （n=22） and control group （n=23）. Participants in the intervention group received mindfulness yoga training twice a week for 4 weeks. The control group did not receive mindfulness yoga training during the trial， but the same training would be given after the trial. Before and after the intervention， PSQI and the N-back training tasks were used to evaluate the sleep quality and working memory ability of the two groups. ResultsThe main effects of time on the PSQI total score， the accuracy and reaction time of N-back training task were statistically significant （F=37.240， 6.898， 10.775， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The main effects of grouping factors on PSQI total score and the accuracy of N-back training task were statistically significant （F=8.057， 11.093， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The interaction of time and group had statistical significance on PSQI total score and the response time of the N-back training task（F=32.730， 17.578， P<0.01）. After intervention， the PSQI total score of the study group was lower than that before intervention （F=69.898， P<0.01）， and the response time of N-back training task was shorter than that before intervention （F=27.939， P<0.01）， the differences were statistically significant. ConclusionGroup mindfulness yoga training may help improve the sleep quality of college students.

Influencia del nacimiento prematuro en el desarrollo de funciones ejecutivas de niños en edad escolar / Influence of premature birth in the development of executive functions in children at a school age / Influência do nascimento prematuro no desenvolvimento das funções executivas das crianças em idade escolar

El desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas culmina con la mielinización cerebral, tal desarrollo va a depender de la estructuración cerebral al momento del nacimiento, en este aspecto se tomó en cuenta la edad gestacional del infante en el momento del parto; a fin de identificar su influencia en el desarrollo de estas funciones se realizó un estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño descriptivo-correlacional, con una selección de muestra por modelo no probabilístico y voluntario de 160 niños entre 6 y 10 años de edad, divididos en dos grupos, uno clínico, que cumplía los criterios de prematurez expuestos por la OMS, y el otro corresponde a los respectivos pares de la muestra clínica. En los resultados se encontró que los prematuros presentan debilidad en los niveles básicos y complejos del proceso atencional y menos flexibilidad mental, sin presentar mayor compromiso en las estrategias de automonitoreo de la conducta. Al igual que un menor desempeño en relación al desarrollo ejecutivo o de capacidades relacionadas con la organización y planeación.

The development of executive functions ends up with brain mielinization, such development depends on the structure of the brain at the time of birth, this aspect takes into account the length of the pregnancy at the time of birth, in order to identify its influence in the development of these functions, we carried out a study using a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlation design, with a sample selected using a voluntary non-probabilistic model with a 160 students between the ages of 6 and 10, divided in two groups: a clinical group under the criteria for premature birth established by the WHO and the other group was made up of peers. The results showed that premature children presented weaknesses in basic and complex attention processes and less mental flexibility without compromising self-monitoring behavior strategies. Likewise, there was a lower performance regarding the executive development in capacities related to organization and planification.

O desenvolvimento das funções executivas culmina com a mielinización cerebral, tal desenvolvimento vai depender da estruturação cerebral ao momento do nascimento, neste aspecto, foi tomada em consideração a idade gestacional do infante no momento do parto; a fim de identificar a sua influência no desenvolvimento dessas funções foi realizado um estudo com uma abordagem quantitativa de design descritivo-de correlação, com uma seleção de amostra por modelo não probabilístico e voluntário de 160 crianças entre os 6 e10 anos de idade, divididos em dois grupos, um clínico, que cumpre os critérios de prematuridade expostos pela OMS, e o outro no clinico que corresponde aos respectivos pares da amostra clínica. Nos resultados, descobriuse que as crianças prematuras apresentam fraqueza nos níveis básicos e complexos do processo atenção e menos flexibilidade mental, sem apresentar maior empenho nas estratégias de automonitoramento da conduta. Tal como um menor desempenho em relação ao desenvolvimento executivo de capacidades relacionadas com a organização e planeamento.

Efecto de la medicación en los patrones de activación cerebral en resonancia magnética funcional, ante un paradigma de memoria de trabajo en pacientes con trastorno bipolar tipo I / Effects of Medication on fMRI Brain Activation Patterns in Bipolar Disorder Type I Patients Challenged with Working Memory Tasks

Introducción: Diversos estudios demuestran un aumento en la activación de áreas límbicas y paralímbicas y disminución de la activación en áreas relacionadas con la memoria de trabajo en pacientes con trastorno bipolar. La mayoría de estos estudios se realizan en pacientes que reciben tratamiento farmacológico, lo cual dificulta interpretar hasta qué punto el tratamiento es responsable de las alteraciones encontradas. Objetivo: Identificar las posibles diferencias en la respuesta neurofuncional de pacientes con trastorno bipolar en tareas de memoria operativa y establecer el papel de la medicación en estas diferencias. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 43 individuos, de los cuales 33 fueron pacientes eutímicos con trastorno bipolar tipo I (13 en tratamiento con carbonato de litio, 9 con ácido valpróico y 10 sin medicación al menos durante dos meses previos a la evaluación) y 11 controles. La resonancia magnética funcional (RMf) se usó para correlacionar sus procesos de memoria operativa con los cambios vistos en la señal BOLD, usando un paradigma que combina la presentación de bloques y eventos relacionados. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables clínicas o demográficas entre los grupos, excepto en el puntaje de la Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Se encontraron diferencias en el patrón de activación del cíngulo anterior al comparar los pacientes bipolares y los controles (p=0,05). Conclusión: Se encontraron diferencias en el patrón de activación del cíngulo anterior en la RMf en una prueba de memoria de trabajo comparando los pacientes bipolares tipo I y los controles.

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder show increased activation in limbic and para-limbic areas whereas they show decreased activity in working memory-related areas. The degree to which pharmacological treatment determines these alterations is hard to gage, given that most studies have been done on patients already receiving such treatments. Objective: We seek to identify differences and the role of treatment in neurofunctional response in patients with bipolar disorder type I compared to controls, specifically while challenged with working memory tasks. Methods: Thirtythree euthymic patients with type I bipolar disorder and 10 controls were evaluated in a cross-sectional study; 13 of them were being treated with lithium, 9 with valproic acid, and 10 had not received treatment for at least 2 months prior to the study. Correlation was established between functional Magnetic Resonance (fMRI) BOLD signal and working memory processes. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in demographics or clinical variables except for YMRS score. Patients and controls showed significantly different patterns of brain activation in the anterior cingulate (p:0.05) during working memory tasks. Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences in the anterior cingulate BOLD (Blood oxygen level dependent) signal of patients with Type I Bipolar disorder compared to controls.

Application of EEG Non-linear Analysis in Vision Memory Study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of non-linear dynamics characteristics of EEG during picture memory masks, and the application of non-linear dynamic analysis for memory research.MethodsEEGs of 30 healthy old volunteers were recorded under the states of opened eyes and picture memory. Correlation dimension (D2) was calculated for all subjects.ResultsD2 increased significantly during memory tasks compared with the rest state with eyes opened (P<0.05). In different memory tasks, the complexity of mental functions and the regions involved in the memory task were different.ConclusionNon-linear analysis is appropriate for the study of functional changes and working mechanism of brain during memory.