Study on mechanical properties of nitinol iliac vein stent and animal test under different release scales / 生物医学工程学杂志

The mechanical properties of nitinol iliac vein stent (NIVS) have been studied by many scholars at home and abroad, but the study on the mechanical properties of iliac vein stent under different release scales has not been reported yet. Based on the finite element analysis method, the mechanical properties of three self-developed NIVS were studied to reveal the influence of stent diameters (12, 14, 16 mm) and different release scales (80%, 90%) on its strength, fatigue life and vein wall biomechanical properties. With an increases in the release scales, the equivalent elastic strain, fatigue strength safety factors, and vessel wall equivalent stress exhibited a downward trend, while the most stressed cross-section coincided with the arc of stent-connecting rods. Through 30, 60 and 90 days' animal test, a narrowed vascular model was established in the iliac veins of 12 pigs, and the developed iliac vein stents were implanted to comprehensively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the stent, and at the same time the mechanical properties of stents were verified to provide important reference for the type inspection and clinical trials of follow-up products.

Study on the Current Status of Medical Alternative Animal Researches / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To investigate the current status of alternative animal researches in China and thus find the problems and put forward countermeasures. Method: This study was carried out by the methods of literature search and qualitative description. The authors precisely searched the medicine databases commonly used in China ( CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data) using the MeSH word, title, or keyword namelyanimal alternative,animal decrease oranimal optimization, and added to find the related researches′references. Then the author included the literature regarding to the organization construction, legislation, medical education, and alternative research methods, and conducted a qualitative description. The deadline was July 20, 2015. Results:There were 219 ini-tial quotations published from 1999 to 2014, and mainly were descriptive researches. The fields of alternative ani-mal researches included skin and eye stimulating toxicology test, thermal hyperalgesia and animal model replace-ment, and etc. The information communication platform of replacement researches had established, part of teachers were in practice using the substitution principle, the related monographs had been published, but the law and regu-lation construction and validation system were lag, the cognitive of replacement researches was not optimistic, and the validation method researches were insufficient. Conclusion: The domestic alternative animal researches were insufficient and lacking of systematic construction. It should strengthen the study on alternative animal research sys-tem, focused on legislation, policy leading, medical education, talent cultivation, and research methods.

Act on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals (K-REACH) and replacement, reduction or refinement best practices

OBJECTIVES: Korea's Act on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals (K-REACH) was enacted for the protection of human health and the environment in 2015. Considering that about 2000 new substances are introduced annually across the globe, the extent of animal testing requirement could be overwhelming unless regulators and companies work proactively to institute and enforce global best practices to replace, reduce or refine animal use. In this review, the way to reduce the animal use for K-REACH is discussed. METHODS: Background of the enforcement of the K-REACH and its details was reviewed along with the papers and regulatory documents regarding the limitation of animal experiments and its alternatives in order to discuss the regulatory adoption of alternative tests. RESULTS: Depending on the tonnage of the chemical used, the data required ranges from acute and other short-term studies for a single exposure route to testing via multiple exposure routes and costly, longer-term studies such as a full two-generation reproducibility toxicity. The European Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals regulation provides for mandatory sharing of vertebrate test data to avoid unnecessary duplication of animal use and test costs, and obligation to revise data requirements and test guidelines “as soon as possible” after relevant, validated replacement, reduction or refinement (3R) methods become available. Furthermore, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development actively accepts alternative animal tests and 3R to chemical toxicity tests. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative tests which are more ethical and efficient than animal experiments should be widely used to assess the toxicity of chemicals for K-REACH registration. The relevant regulatory agencies will have to make efforts to actively adopt and uptake new alternative tests and 3R to K-REACH.

The experimental investigation of Sdosodine Hydrochlorida on immune function in mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore improving impact of Sdosodine Hydrochlorida(SBHL) on immune fuction in mice treated with cyclophosphamide(CTX).Methods:BALB/c mice treated with CTX were administrated with SBHL(40 mg/kg) for 7 d.The weights of spleens and thymus of the mice,specific antibody formation of splenocytes,serum agglutinin titer and hemolysin CH50 in mice immunized with SRBC were assayed.The proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes actived with ConA were measured.The peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis in mice were analysized.Results:After treatment with SBHL,the indexes of thymus and spleen,and the proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes activated with ConA were increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner.The peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis was also improved.Only at the dose of 40 mg/kg were the weights of spleens of mice,specific antibody formation by splenocytes,serum agglutinin titer,hemolysin CH50 of the mice immunized with SRBC increased significantly.Conclusion:SBHL has a remarkable improving effect on the immune functions inhibited by CTX in mice,which may be another important antitumor mechanism of SBHL.

Effect of Formaldehyde Inhalation on Mice's Learning and Memory / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the effect of inhaling formaldehyde on learning and memory in mice. Methods 24 KM mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (clean air),the low dose group (1 mg/m3),the moderate dose group (3 mg/m3) and the high dose group (5 mg/m3). The mice were exposed to different concentrations of gaseity formaldehyde,2 h/day,for 14 consecutive days. Then their behavior of learning and memory were tested by step-down test,passive avoidance test and Morris water maze experiment. Results Step-down test showed that the mice in the moderate dose group and the high dose group made notable errors compared with the control group (P