Tratamento integrado para correção do sorriso gengival: relato de caso / Integrated treatment for correction of gingival smile: case report

O sorriso gengival possui inúmeras causas, podendo acontecer por motivos esqueléticos, musculares ou por alteração no desenvolvimento dos tecidos de suporte. No entanto, na atualidade, a estética vermelha e a branca têm se apresentado completamente passíveis de transformações e com uma gama de procedimentos cirúrgicos ou não cirúrgicos para sanar as queixas dos pacientes. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é mostrar o poder que a odontologia tem frente às questões estéticas, como, por exemplo, a vergonha de sorrir por não se sentir confortável com os dentes curtos e com uma grande faixa de gengiva sendo exposta. O método utilizado foi um relato de caso. Que descreve todos os passos clínicos do tratamento de um paciente de 40 anos, que estava insatisfeita com o seu sorriso por apresentar erupção passiva alterada juntamente com hiperatividade do lábio superior. O plano de tratamento escolhido foi de realizar a cirurgia de aumento de coroa clínica estético, seguido de clareamento dentário e posteriormente um reposicionamento labial, com ajuda da toxina botulínica. Finalizando, para ajudar na cicatrização, o uso de laserterapia. O resultado de todo o processo cirúrgico envolvido neste trabalho, é satisfação do paciente, materializando o sonho deste, devolvendo segurança e espontaneidade ao sorrir. Pôde-se observar que através da combinação de técnicas cirúrgicas periodontais para tratar o sorriso gengival, obtém-se êxito tanto no sentido científico quanto no biológico, alcançando um sorriso esteticamente mais atrativo(AU)

Gummy smile has numerous causes, which can occur for skeletal or muscular reasons or due to changes in the development of supporting tissues. However, nowadays, the red and white aesthetics have been completely capable of transformation and with a range of surgical or non-surgical procedures to resolve patients' complaints. The general objective of this work is to show the power that dentistry has in the face of aesthetic issues, such as, for example, the shame of smiling due to not feeling comfortable with short teeth and a large strip of gum being exposed. The method used was a case report. Which describes all the clinical steps of the treatment of a 40-year-old patient, who was dissatisfied with her smile due to an altered passive eruption together with hyperactivity of the upper lip. The chosen treatment plan was to perform aesthetic clinical crown augmentation surgery, followed by tooth whitening and later lip repositioning, with the help of botulinum toxin. Finally, to help with healing, the use of laser therapy. The result of the entire surgical process involved in this work is patient satisfaction, materializing the patient's dream, restoring security and spontaneity when smiling. It was observed that through the combination of periodontal surgical techniques to treat gummy smile, success is achieved both in the scientific and biological sense, achieving a more aesthetically attractive smile(AU)

Renal osteodystrophy and clinical outcomes: a prospective cohort study / Osteodistrofia renal e desfechos clínicos: um estudo de coorte prospectivo

Abstract Introduction: Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) refers to a group of bone morphological patterns that derive from distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Whether the ROD subtypes influence long-term outcomes is unknown. Our objective was to explore the relationship between ROD and clinical outcomes. Methods: This study is a subanalysis of the Brazilian Registry of Bone Biopsies (REBRABO). Samples from individual patients were classified as having osteitis fibrosa (OF), mixed uremic osteodystrophy (MUO), adynamic bone disease (ABD), osteomalacia (OM), normal/minor alterations, and according to turnover/mineralization/volume (TMV) system. Patients were followed for 3.4 yrs. Clinical outcomes were: bone fractures, hospitalization, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and death. Results: We enrolled 275 participants, of which 248 (90%) were on dialysis. At follow-up, 28 bone fractures, 97 hospitalizations, 44 MACE, and 70 deaths were recorded. ROD subtypes were not related to outcomes. Conclusion: The incidence of clinical outcomes did not differ between the types of ROD.

Resumo Introdução: Osteodistrofia renal (OR) refere-se a um grupo de padrões morfológicos ósseos que decorrem de mecanismos fisiopatológicos distintos. É desconhecido se os subtipos de OR influenciam desfechos em longo prazo. Nosso objetivo foi explorar as relações entre OR e desfechos. Métodos: Este estudo é uma subanálise do Registro Brasileiro de Biópsias Ósseas (REBRABO). As amostras de cada paciente foram classificadas em osteíte fibrosa (OF), osteodistrofia urêmica mista (MUO), doença óssea adinâmica (ABD), osteomalácia (OM), alterações normais/menores, e pelo sistema Remodelação / Mineralização / Volume (RMV). Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 3,4 anos. Os eventos clínicos foram: fraturas ósseas, hospitalizações, eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (MACE), e óbito. Resultados: Analisamos 275 indivíduos, 248 (90%) deles estavam em diálise. No acompanhamento, 28 fraturas ósseas, 97 hospitalizações, 44 MACE e 70 óbitos foram registrados. Os subtipos de OR não foram relacionados aos desfechos clínicos. Conclusão: A incidência de desfechos clínicos não diferiu entre os tipos de OR.

Competências do enfermeiro no cuidado a pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral elegíveis à terapia trombolítica / Competencias de enfermería en el cuidado de personas con accidente cerebrovascular elegibles para terapia trombolítica / Nursing competencies in the care of patients with stroke who are eligible for thrombolytic therapy

Resumo Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico tem como tratamento a terapia trombolítica, aplicada ainda na fase aguda, promovendo melhora importante nas sequelas acarretadas por este agravo. Considerando a complexidade da terapia trombolítica, torna-se necessário que os enfermeiros compreendam suas competências para auxiliar no cuidado. Objetivo: Identificar evidências científicas acerca das competências do enfermeiro no cuidado a pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral elegíveis à terapia trombolítica. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa composta por seis etapas em seis etapas (elaboração da questão, busca na literatura, coleta de dados, análise, discussão e apresentação da revisão), realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e CINAHL. A busca foi realizada entre agosto e setembro de 2022 adotando como critérios de inclusão estudos primários; gratuitos, disponíveis eletronicamente na íntegra; nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram obtidos inicialmente 2.830 estudos, os quais passaram por uma seleção, onde foram incluídos aqueles que atendiam os critérios previamente estabelecidos. Resultados: Com base nos doze estudos incluídos nesta revisão identificaram-se competências voltadas à três atividades do cuidado: gestão do cuidado como trabalho em equipe, códigos, fluxos e protocolos, assistência ao paciente antes, durante e após a utilização da terapia trombolítica e educação em saúde para equipe, pacientes e familiares. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão puderam evidenciar as competências do enfermeiro no cuidado aos pacientes elegíveis a terapia trombolítica, as quais perpassam diferentes áreas de atuação do enfermeiro. Para este estudo prevaleceram as competências assistências, seguida por competências gerenciais.

Resumen Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular isquémico se trata con terapia trombolítica, aplicada incluso en la fase aguda, que promueve una mejoría significativa de las secuelas provocadas por este padecimiento. Considerando la complejidad de la terapia trombolítica, es necesario que las personas profesionales de enfermería comprendan sus competencias para ayudar en el cuidado. Objetivo: Identificar evidencias científicas sobre las competencias del personal de enfermería en el cuidado de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular elegibles para terapia trombolítica. Metodología: Revisión integradora que consta de seis etapas (elaboración de la pregunta, búsqueda bibliográfica, recolección de datos, análisis, discusión y presentación de la revisión), realizada en las bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase y CINAHL. La búsqueda se realizó entre agosto y septiembre de 2022. Los criterio de inclusión fueron: estudios primarios, gratuito, disponible electrónicamente en su totalidad, en inglés, portugués y español. Inicialmente se obtuvieron 2830 estudios, los cuales fueron sometidos a un proceso de selección, que incluyó aquellos que cumplían con los criterios previamente establecidos. Resultados: A partir de los doce estudios incluidos en esta revisión, se identificaron competencias centradas en tres actividades asistenciales: gestión del cuidado como trabajo en equipo, códigos, flujos y protocolos, atención a pacientes antes, durante y después del uso de la terapia trombolítica y educación en salud para personal, pacientes y familias. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de esta revisión pudieron resaltar las competencias de las personas profesionales en enfermería en el cuidado de personas elegibles para terapia trombolítica, que abarcan diferentes áreas de actuación del personal de enfermería. Para este estudio, prevalecieron las habilidades asistenciales, seguidas de las competencias gerenciales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ischemic stroke is treated with thrombolytic therapy, applied even in the acute phase, promoting a significant improvement in the after-effects caused by this condition. Considering the complexity of thrombolytic therapy, it is necessary for nurses to understand the skills required to assist in care. Objective: To identify scientific evidence about the competencies of nurses in the care of patients with stroke who are eligible for thrombolytic therapy. Methodology: An integrative review consisting of six stages (elaboration of the question, literature review, data collection, analysis, discussion, and presentation), conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The search was carried out between August and September 2022 using primary studies as the inclusion criteria: free of charge, fully available electronically, published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Initially, 2.830 studies were obtained, which underwent a selection process that included only those studies that met the previously established criteria. Results: Based on the twelve studies included in this review, competencies focused on three care activities were identified: care management such as teamwork; codes; flows and protocols; patient care before, during, and after the use of thrombolytic therapy; and education health education for staff, patients, and families. Conclusion: The findings of this review highlighted the nurses' competencies in the care of patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy, which encompass different areas of the nurse's work. For this study, assistance competencies prevailed, followed by management competencies.

Effectiveness of Pilates-based exercises on the diastasis recti abdominis in climacteric women: a randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Recent studies have related the climacteric period with changes in connective tissue elasticity that may be related to diastasis recti abdominis. Mat Pilates is a method of exercise without impact that currently has more practitioners, due to its satisfactory results. However, there are no studies that evaluate the effectiveness of mat Pilates for women with diastasis recti abdominis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the mat Pilates program in climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. Methods: This randomized single-blinded clinical trial evaluated climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. The participants were randomized into the experimental group, which participated in 3 weekly sessions of mat Pilates for 12 weeks for a total of 36 sessions, and the control group (without exercises). The inter-rectus distance was measured with a digital caliper. The G*Power Version 3.1.9.2. software was used for the sample calculation, and the SPSS 20.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study comprised 21 women, including 10 in the control group and 11 in the experimental group, with mean ages of 54.3 ± 7.1 and 55.3 ± 6.0 years and body mass index values of 28.8 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 29.9 ± 4.48 kg/m2, respectively. In the experimental group, reductions were observed in all the measures related to diastasis recti abdominis (p<0.05) in the supraumbilical, umbilical, and infra-umbilical regions. Conclusion: The mat Pilates method is effective for reducing diastasis recti abdominis in the climacteric period.

Autonomia profissional do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde: perspectivas para a prática avançada / Professional autonomy of nurses in primary health care: perspectives for advanced practice / Autonomía profesional de los enfermeros en la atención primaria de salud: perspectivas para la práctica avanzada

Objetivo: Descrever como os enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária identificam sua autonomia profissional no desenvolvimento das práticas de Enfermagem. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram de entrevistas online 28 enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária de um município do Sul do Brasil, entre o período de outubro de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021. Para tratamento dos dados, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: 1) Resolutividade das práticas da Enfermagem; 2) Respaldo nas regulamentações profissionais e evidências científicas. A Enfermagem dispõe de maior autonomia frente à atenção à saúde da mulher, Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e no cuidado à pessoa com feridas, pois no momento da consulta do enfermeiro, despontam habilidades e competências para a tomada de decisão na prática clínica. Em relação à regulamentação para exercício profissional, os profissionais enfatizaram a importância dos protocolos para respaldar as ações. Conclusão: O protagonismo do enfermeiro e sucesso nas experiências indicam um caminho promissor para a discussão e implementação da Enfermagem de Prática Avançada no Brasil. (AU)

Objective: To describe how nurses working in Primary Care identify their professional autonomy in the development of Nursing practices. Methods: This is an exploratory, descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Twenty-eight nurses who work in Primary Care in a municipality in southern Brazil participated in online interviews, between October 2020 and February 2021. For data processing, thematic content analysis was used. Results: Two categories emerged: 1) Resolving nursing practices; 2) Support in professional regulations and scientific evidence. Nursing has greater autonomy in the care of women's health, Sexually Transmitted Infections and in the care of the person with wounds, because at the time of the nurse's consultation, skills and competences for decision-making in clinical practice emerge. Regarding regulation for professional practice, professionals emphasized the importance of protocols to support actions. Conclusion: The role of nurses and success in the experiences indicate a promising path for the discussion and implementation of Advanced Practice Nursing in Brazil. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir cómo los enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria identifican su autonomía profesional en el desarrollo de las prácticas de Enfermería. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, con abordaje cualitativo. Veintiocho enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria de un municipio del sur de Brasil participaron de entrevistas en línea, entre octubre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Para el procesamiento de datos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Emergieron dos categorías: 1) Prácticas resolutivas de enfermería; 2) Apoyo en normativa profesional y evidencia científica. La enfermería tiene mayor autonomía en el cuidado de la salud de la mujer, Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y en el cuidado de la persona con heridas, porque en el momento de la consulta del enfermero emergen habilidades y competencias para la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica. En cuanto a la regulación para la práctica profesional, los profesionales destacaron la importancia de los protocolos para apoyar las acciones. Conclusión: El papel de los enfermeros y el éxito de las experiencias indican un camino promisorio para la discusión e implementación de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en Brasil. (AU)

Puntaje final del examen de admisión según el promedio de grado de los postulantes a la convocatoria de la Comisión Nacional de Residencias Médicas Paraguay 2019-2023

Introducción: La Comisión Nacional de Residencias Médicas (CONAREM) es el principal sistema de admisión para la tutoría clínica de residencias médicas en Paraguay, avalado por Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Objetivos. Determinar la relación entre el puntaje final obtenido y el promedio de grado en postulantes a convocatorias CONAREM 2019-2023. Metodología: Estudio transversal con variables sociodemográficas, académicas, puntajes del examen y puntaje final. Se aplicaron métodos descriptivos y pruebas de Kolmogórov-Smirnov, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y correlación de Spearman; utilizando software Stata© 17.0 de StataCorp LLC. Se consideraron significativos cuando p<0.05. Resultados: De 2019 a 2023, 4.768 médicos postularon examen CONAREM. 62,12 % eran mujeres, 34,51 % tenían entre 22 y 25 años y 95,30 % estaban solteros. El promedio de grado fue 3,56  0, 49. La mayoría (69,09 %) provenían de universidades privadas. En las especialidades preferidas, clínica médica fue más común (20,31 %), luego cirugía general y pediatría (ambas 14,30 %), 39,14 % pudo acceder a especialidad preferida. El puntaje final promedio fue 67,92 (RIC 60,78 - 76,76) con diferencias significativas según edad, universidad de procedencia y año de examen. Con modelo de regresión logística se demostró que promedio de grado, edad, universidad pública y primera participación en examen estaban asociados con mayor probabilidad de obtener mejores puntajes. El modelo tenía coeficiente de ajuste de 0, 318, indicando que solo predice el 32 % de resultados. La correlación fue moderada y significativa entre puntaje final y promedio general de grado. Según universidad, la correlación fue baja y no significativa para universidades extranjeras, mientras que universidades públicas y privadas mostraron correlación moderada pero significativa. Discusión. Los mejores promedios de grado se correlacionan moderadamente con mayor probabilidad de puntajes altos y acceder a especialidades de preferencia de los médicos recientemente graduados, provenientes de universidades públicas que hayan rendido por primera vez el examen de la CONAREM.

Introduction: The National Commission of Medical Residencies (CONAREM) is the main admission system for clinical tutoring of medical residencies in Paraguay, endorsed by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare. Objectives: Determine the relationship between the final score obtained and the average degree in applicants to CONAREM calls 2019-2023. Methods: Cross-sectional study with sociodemographic and academic variables, exam scores and final score. Descriptive methods and tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation were applied; using Stata© 17.0 software from StataCorp LLC. They were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: From 2019 to 2023, 4,768 doctors applied for the CONAREM exam. 62.12% had a female female, 34.51% from 22 to 25, and 95.30% were single. The grade point average was 3.56(0.49. The majority (69.09%) came from private universities. As for preferred specialties, medical clinic was more common (20.31%), then general surgery and pediatrics (both 14.30%). 39.14% could access preferred specialty. The average final score was 67.92 and significant differences were found according to age, university of origin and year of examination. With logistic regression model, it was shown that average grade, age, public university and first participation in the exam were associated with a higher probability of obtaining better scores. The model had an adjustment coefficient of 0.318, indicating that it only predicts 32% of outcomes. The correlation was moderate and significant between final score and overall grade point average. By type of university, the correlation was low and not significant for foreign universities, while public and private universities showed moderate but significant correlation. Discussion: The best grade point averages correlate moderately with higher probability of high scores and access to specialties of preference and are associated with recently graduated doctors from public universities and took the exam for the first time.

Lineamientos para la prevención y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides en pediatría / Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in pediatrics

Objetivo. Proporcionar un marco para profesionales de la salud que tratan a pacientes pediátricos bajo terapia con glucocorticoides (GC) y desarrollar recomendaciones para la prevención y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por GC en la población pediátrica. Métodos. Un panel de expertos en enfermedades óseas y pediátricas generó una serie de preguntas PICO que abordan aspectos relacionados con la prevención y el tratamiento de osteoporosis en pacientes bajo tratamiento con GC. Siguiendo la metodología GRADE, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se resumieron las estimaciones del efecto y se calificó la calidad de la evidencia. Luego se procedió a la votación y a la formulación de las recomendaciones. Resultados. Se desarrollaron 7 recomendaciones y 6 principios generales para osteoporosis inducida por GC en población pediátrica. Conclusión. Estas recomendaciones proporcionan orientación para los médicos que deben tomar decisiones en pacientes pediátricos bajo tratamiento con GC.

Objective. To provide a framework for healthcare professionals managing pediatric patients who are on active glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and to develop recommendations for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Methods. A panel of experts on bone and pediatric diseases developed a series of PICO questions that address issues related to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients on GC therapy. In accordance with the GRADE approach, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, summarized effect estimations, and classified the quality of the evidence. Then, voting and the formulation of recommendations followed. Results. Seven recommendations and six general principles were developed for GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Conclusion. These recommendations provide guidance for clinicians who must make decisions concerning pediatric patients undergoing treatment with GC.

Tratamento do sorriso gengival por meio da cirurgia periodontal: relato de caso / Treatment of gummy smile through periodontal surgery: case report

A busca por um sorriso considerado perfeito tem sido cada vez maior e isso tem se tornado um desafio para o Cirurgião-Dentista, visto que um sorriso harmônico não envolve somente dentes, mas também gengiva. A exposição excessiva da gengiva ao sorrir ou falar é considerada uma característica antiestética, pois gera uma desarmonia entre dentes, gengiva e lábios. Quando o paciente expõe 3 milímetros ou mais de gengiva ao sorrir, chamamos essa exposição de Sorriso Gengival. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento de um caso de sorriso gengival, onde foi realizada cirurgia periodontal ressectiva a fim de diminuir a exposição de tecido gengival ao sorrir. Descrição do caso: Paciente adulto 21 anos, sexo masculino, procurou atendimento no curso de graduação em Odontologia do Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, com queixa de insatisfação estética devido ao tamanho de seus dentes e mostrar muito tecido Gengival ao sorrir. Após anamnese, exame clínico e radiográfico, o paciente foi diagnosticado com Sorriso gengival. O plano de tratamento proposto foi de cirurgia periodontal ressectiva. Conclusão: A partir do exposto, podemos concluir que o tratamento do sorriso gengival depende de sua etiologia. Um correto diagnóstico é de extrema importância, pois dependendo do fator etiológico do sorriso gengival, o plano de tratamento pode ser elaborado de acordo com a necessidade do paciente. No caso apresentado, o procedimento escolhido, cirurgia periodontal ressectiva, se mostrou efetivo no tratamento do sorriso gengival, devolvendo estética e satisfação ao paciente(AU)

The search for a smile that is considered perfect has been increasing and this has become a challenge for the Dental Surgeon, since a harmonious smile does not only involve teeth, but also gums. Excessive exposure of the gums when smiling or talking is considered an unsightly feature, as it creates disharmony between teeth, gums and lips. When the patient exposes 3 millimeters or more of gum when smiling, we call this exposure Gummy Smile. The present work aims to report the treatment of a case of gummy smile, where resective periodontal surgery was performed in order to reduce the exposure of gingival tissue when smiling. Case description: A 21-year-old adult patient, male, sought care at the undergraduate course in dentistry at the Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, complaining of aesthetic dissatisfaction due to the size of his teeth and showing a lot of gingival tissue when smiling. After anamnesis, clinical and radiographic examination, the patient was diagnosed with gummy smile. The proposed treatment plan was resective periodontal surgery. Conclusion: From the above, we can conclude that the treatment of gummy smile depends on its etiology. A correct diagnosis is extremely important, because depending on the etiological factor of the gummy smile, the treatment plan can be elaborated according to the patient's needs. In the case presented, the chosen procedure, resective periodontal surgery, proved to be effective in the treatment of gummy smile, restoring aesthetics and patient satisfaction(AU)

Competências para o atendimento multiprofissional da PCR em pediatria: percepções da equipe de enfermagem / Skills for multiprofissional care for cardiorespiratory arrests in pediatrics: perceptions of the nursing team / Habilidades para el cuidadod multiprofesional de las paradas cardiorrespiratorias en pediatria: percepciones del equipo de enfermería

Estudo exploratório descritivo, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital pediátrico filantrópico, com objetivo de compreender as competências profissionais da enfermagem no atendimento da parada cardiorrespiratória em pediatria, além de investigar suas percepções. Participaram 30 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário fechado. Os resultados, analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, mostraram que os profissionais de enfermagem, em sua maioria, apresentaram conhecimento sobre o atendimento da emergência investigada. Em relação às suas percepções sobre as habilidades técnicas necessárias, notou-se que a maioria dos participantes se perceberam seguros para as manobras de ressuscitação e para a administração de medicações durante o atendimento; contudo, ao abordar o manuseio do desfibrilador e a realização de punção venosa, a maior parte da amostra afirmou não se sentir totalmente segura para estas atividades. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos participantes apresentam conhecimento teórico-prático para a execução do atendimento.

Descriptive, quantitative exploratory study, carried out in a philanthropic pediatric hospital, with the objective of understanding the nursing professional competencies in the care of cardiorespiratory arrests in pediatrics, besides investigating. 30 professionals from the nursing team participated and data was collected using a closed questionnaire. The results, analyzed using descriptive statistics, showed that the majority of nursing professionals had knowledge about the care of the investigated emergency. In relation to their perceptions about the necessary technical skills, the majority of participants perceived themselves to be confident in resuscitation maneuvers and the administration of medications during care. However, when approaching the handling of the defibrillator and performing a venipuncture, most of the sample stated that they did not feel complete confidence for these activities. Study concluded that the majority of participants had theoretical-practical knowledge to perform the service.

Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital pediátrico filantrópico, con el objetivo de comprender las competencias profesionales de enfermería en el cuidado de la parada cardiorrespiratoria en pediatría, además de investigar sus percepciones. Participaron 30 profesionales del equipo de enfermería y la recolección de datos se realizó mediante cuestionario cerrado. Los resultados, analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, mostraron que la mayoría de los profesionales de enfermeira tenían conocimiento sobre la atención de la emergencia investigada. En relación a sus percepciones sobre las habilidades técnicas necesarias, se observa que la mayoría de los participantes se observó que la mayoría de los participantes se percibió confiada en las maniobras de reanimación y la administración de medicamentos durante la atención. Sin embargo, al abordar el manejo del desfibrilador y realizar una punción venosa, la mayoría de la muestra manifestó no sentirse completamente segura para estas actividades. Estudio concluyó que la mayoría de los participantes presentó conocimientos teórico-prácticos para realizar el servicio.

Anesthesia training: Are we doing enough in three years? Cross-sectional study

Introduction: The mínimum number of procedures required to be performed during anesthesia training has not been officially defined in Colombia. Although a number is no guarantee of acquired competencies, it does indicate the level of opportunity offered by the different programs. This study describes the practical training afforded to residents in a graduate anesthesia program in Colombia, and compares its results with international standards. Objective: Describe exposure to procedures performed by residents enrolled in a three-year anesthesia specialization program in Colombia between 2015 and 2020, and compare with the standards proposed by ASCOFAME and ACGME. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study which included residents who did their specialization in a Colombian anesthesia program between 2015 and 2020. Complexity, anesthesia techniques, invasive monitoring and airway approach were described. Finally a descriptive comparison was made with the published references of the Colombian Association of Medical Schools (ASCOFAME) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Results: The results for 10 residents were included. Each resident had a median of 978 cases (IQR 942-1120), corresponding to 25 surgical specialties, the most frequent being general surgery (18%), orthopedics (16%), pediatric surgery (19%), and obstetrics (10.8%). According to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification, the majority of patients were ASA II (39.63%) and ASA III (28.4%). Adequate exposure was achieved in 11 of the 15 categories proposed by ACGME and in 6 of the 15 proposed by ASCOFAME. Conclusions: A detailed description of the practice component acquired by the residents during their three years of training was obtained. This baseline provides insight into the national landscape and allows to describe the relationship with international standards.

Introducción: En Colombia no se encuentra oficialmente definido el número mínimo de procedimientos que se deben realizar durante el entrenamiento en anestesiología. Aunque el número no garantiza la adquisición de competencias de la especialidad, sí es un indicador de la oportunidad ofertada por parte de los programas. Este estudio describe el entrenamiento práctico que tienen los médicos residentes en un programa de posgrado de anestesiología en Colombia y compara sus resultados con estándares internacionales. Objetivo: Describir la exposición a procedimientos realizados por los médicos residentes de un programa de especialización en anestesiología de tres años en Colombia, entre 2015 y 2020, y compararlo con los estándares propuestos por ASCOFAME y el ACGME. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; se incluyeron los residentes que cursaron su programa de especialidad en un programa colombiano de anestesiología entre 2015 y 2020. Se describieron la complejidad, técnicas anestésicas, monitoría invasiva y abordaje de la vía aérea. Finalmente, se compararon los resultados de manera descriptiva con lo referenciado por la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina y el Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Resultados: Se incluyeron los resultados de 10 médicos residentes. El número de casos por residente tuvo una mediana de 978 casos (RIQ942-1120), correspondientes a 25 especialidades quirúrgicas; cirugía general (18 %), ortopedia (16 %), cirugía pediátrica (19 %) y obstetricia (10,8 %) fueron las más frecuentes. Según la clasificación de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología (ASA), la mayoría de los pacientes tenían ASA 2 (39,63 %), ASA 3 (28,4 %). Se alcanzó una exposición adecuada en 11 de las 15 categorías propuestas por el ACGME y en 6 de las 15 propuestas por la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina. Conclusiones: Se obtuvo una descripción detallada del aspecto práctico de los residentes de anestesiología durante sus tres años de formación. Esta línea de base permite ampliar el panorama a escala nacional y describir la relación con estándares internacionales.

Efficiency of pulsed electromagnetic field and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on painful shoulder following stroke / Eficiência do campo eletromagnético pulsado e da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em ombro doloroso após acidente vascular cerebral

INTRODUCTION: Shoulder pain after stroke, a complication with a prevalence of up to 16­84% usually occurs after 2­3 months and leads to patients withdrawing from rehabilitation programs, staying in the hospital longer, having less limb function and having a great negative impact on their quality of life. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of PEMF and NMES in reducing shoulder pain in patients with stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled trial included 51 patients with shoulder pain following stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (17 people in each group): Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF), Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Control group. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Fugl Meyer Assessment­Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Active and Passive Range of Motion (AROM/PROM) assessed at the baseline, six weeks into the intervention, and one week into the follow-up. RESULTS: VAS score for pain showed a mean change of 1.60, 1.60 and 4.94 in PEMF, NMES, and control respectively after 20 sessions. It showed pain was significantly improved in all the groups (p<0.001), but the effectiveness of the PEMF and NMES groups was superior to the control group. CONCLUSION: The current literature showed that PEMF & NMES are effective in improving post-stroke shoulder pain, spasticity, range of motion and motor function and a novel method for stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation.

INTRODUÇÃO: Dor no ombro após acidente vascular cerebral com prevalência de 16­84% geralmente ocorre após 2­3 meses e pode resultar na suspensão de programas de reabilitação, internações hospitalares mais longas e redução da função dos membros, prejudicando qualidade de vida dos pacientes com AVC. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito da PEMF e da EENM na redução da dor no ombro em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Um estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado incluiu 51 pacientes com dor no ombro pós-AVC. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (17 pessoas em cada grupo): grupo Campo Eletromagnético Pulsado (PEMF), grupo Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM) e grupo Controle. As medidas de resultados foram na Escala Visual Analógica (VAS), Escala de Ashworth Modificada (MAS) e Avaliação de Fugl Meyer ­ Extremidade Superior (FMA-UE), Amplitude de Movimento (AROM/PROM) foram avaliadas no início do estudo, após seis semanas de tratamento, e após um acompanhamento semanal. RESULTADOS: A pontuação VAS para dor mostrada uma alteração média de 1,60, 1,60 e 4,94 na PEMF, EENM e Controle, respectivamente, após 20 sessões. Mostrou melhora significativa entre os três grupos (p<0,001), mas a eficácia do grupo PEMF e EENM foi superior ao grupo Controle. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostrou que PEMF e EENM são eficazes na melhora da dor no ombro pós-AVC, espasticidade, amplitude de movimento e função motora e um novo método para pacientes com AVC em reabilitação. Nossas descobertas indicam que a eficácia da EENM é claramente superior à do PEMF na manutenção da analgesia a longo prazo.

Consideraciones Éticas y Académicas sobre el Uso de Inteligencia Artificial en Cursos de Metodología de la Investigación en Rehabilitación / Ethical and Academic Reflections on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Research Methodology Courses in Rehabilitation Science

En el cruce entre la revolución tecnológica y la educación en ciencias de la rehabilitación y del movimiento humano, la inteligencia artificial (IA) emerge como herramienta transformadora en los cursos de metodología de investigación. Este artículo destaca su potencial para optimizar la experiencia de aprendizaje y personalizar la instrucción, pero enfatiza la necesidad crucial de abordar desafíos éticos y pedagógicos. Propone orientaciones para equilibrar la innovación educativa y la responsabilidad académica, resaltando la importancia de la implementación consciente y planificada de la IA en los equipos de investigación en ciencias de la rehabilitación y del movimiento humano, garantizando así la integridad científica y ética en este campo en constante evolución.

In the intersection between technological advancements and education in rehabilitation science, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative tool in research methodology. This article navigates the ethical and academic considerations tied to the incorporation of AI in rehabilitation and movement science courses. While acknowledging its potential to enhance learning experiences, it critically addresses the imperative to tackle ethical and pedagogical challenges. The paper offers guidance to strike a balance between educational innovation and academic responsibility. It emphasizes the need for a conscientious and planned implementation of AI, ensuring both scientific integrity and ethical adherence in this dynamically evolving field.

CLCA1 is Poorly Expressed in Stomach Adenocarcinoma and Correlates with Immune Infiltration / CLCA1 se Expresa Deficientemente en el Adenocarcinoma de Estómago y se Correlaciona con la Infiltración Inmune

SUMMARY: Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) is associated with cancer progression. The expression and immunologic function of CLCA1 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remain unclear. In this investigation, the expression of CLCA1 in STAD tissues and its involvement in the progression and immune response of STAD were examined using databases such as cBioPortal, TISIDB, and UALCAN. In order to validate the expression level of CLCA1 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma, thirty clinical tissue specimens were gathered for immunohistochemical staining. The findings indicated a downregulation of CLCA1 in STAD patients, which was correlated with race, age, cancer grade, Helicobacter pylori infection, and molecular subtype. Through the examination of survival analysis, it was identified that diminished levels of CLCA1 within gastric cancer cases were linked to decreased periods of post-progression survival (PPS), overall survival (OS), and first progression (FP) (P<0.05). The CLCA1 mutation rate was lower in STAD, but the survival rate was higher in the variant group. The correlation between the expression level of CLCA1 and the levels of immune infiltrating cells in STAD, as well as the immune activating molecules, immunosuppressive molecules, MHC molecules, chemokines, and their receptor molecules, was observed. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that CLCA1 may be involved in STAD progression through systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), proteasome, cell cycle, pancreatic secretion, and PPAR signaling pathways. In summary, CLCA1 is anticipated to function as a prognostic marker for patients with STAD and is linked to the immunization of STAD.

El regulador 1 del canal de cloruro activado por calcio (CLCA1) está asociado con la progresión del cáncer. La expresión y la función inmunológica de CLCA1 en el adenocarcinoma de estómago (STAD) aún no están claras. En esta investigación, se examinó la expresión de CLCA1 en tejidos STAD y su participación en la progresión y respuesta inmune de STAD utilizando bases de datos como cBioPortal, TISIDB y UALCAN. Para validar el nivel de expresión de la proteína CLCA1 en el adenocarcinoma gástrico, se recolectaron treinta muestras de tejido clínico para tinción inmunohistoquímica. Los hallazgos indicaron una regulación negativa de CLCA1 en pacientes con STAD, que se correlacionó con la raza, la edad, el grado del cáncer, la infección por Helicobacter pylori y el subtipo molecular. Mediante el examen del análisis de supervivencia, se identificó que los niveles reducidos de CLCA1 en los casos de cáncer gástrico estaban relacionados con períodos reducidos de supervivencia posterior a la progresión (PPS), supervivencia general (OS) y primera progresión (FP) (P <0,05). La tasa de mutación CLCA1 fue menor en STAD, pero la tasa de supervivencia fue mayor en el grupo variante. Se observó la correlación entre el nivel de expresión de CLCA1 y los niveles de células inmunes infiltrantes en STAD, así como las moléculas activadoras inmunes, moléculas inmunosupresoras, moléculas MHC, quimiocinas y sus moléculas receptoras. El análisis de enriquecimiento genético reveló que CLCA1 puede estar involucrado en la progresión de STAD a través del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), el proteasoma, el ciclo celular, la secreción pancreática y las vías de señalización de PPAR. En resumen, se prevé que CLCA1 funcione como un marcador de pronóstico para pacientes con STAD y está vinculado a la inmunización de STAD.

Estomas: complicaciones, manejo y prevención. Una revisión actual / Stomas: complications, management, and prevention. An updated review

Introducción. La resección segmentaria del intestino y su derivación temporal o definitiva es un procedimiento frecuente en la práctica quirúrgica, que implica la construcción de un estoma. La enfermedad que lleva a la cirugía, las condiciones clínicas del paciente y los aspectos técnicos en la construcción de la ostomía son puntos claves en la evolución posoperatoria. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura identificando las complicaciones asociadas a la construcción de estomas, con el objetivo de ofrecer herramientas de tratamiento y toma de decisiones al personal médico involucrado en la atención de estos pacientes. Resultados. La cirugía de urgencia, la inmunosupresión, la obesidad y la técnica en la apertura del orificio en la pared abdominal, favorecen la aparición de complicaciones tempranas que requieren manejo médico o reintervención quirúrgica. Conclusiones. Todo paciente con estoma debe ser valorado minuciosamente por el cirujano y la terapista enterostomal en las primeras 72 horas luego de la cirugía.

Introduction. Segmental resection of the intestine and its temporary or permanent bypass is a frequent procedure in surgical practice, which involves the construction of a stoma. The disease that leads to surgery, the clinical conditions of the patient and the technical aspects in the construction of the ostomy are key points in the postoperative evolution. Methods. A review of the literature was performed, identifying the complications associated with the construction of stomas, with the aim of offering treatment and decision-making tools to the medical personnel involved in the care of these patients. Results. Emergency surgery, immunosuppression, obesity, and the technique used to open the orifice in the abdominal wall favor the appearance of early complications that require medical management or surgical reintervention. Conclusions. Every patient with a stoma must be carefully evaluated by the surgeon and the enterostomal therapist in the first 72 hours after surgery.

Occurrence of high level methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureusin patients from health facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Background:Methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA) has become a major public health predicament worldwide. This is owing to its involvement in the evolution of MDR strains and difficulty in therapeutic management of infected patients. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureusamong patients in two health facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Clinical isolates of patients from University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH), Uyo and General Hospital, Ikot Abasi (GHIA) were investigated based on the strategic location of the hospitals. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Three hundred clinical samples were collected from male and female in and out-patients of all ages and processed using standard bacteriological methods. Detection of Staphylococcus aureusand MRSAstrains were done according to standard protocols while antibiotic susceptibility testing of MRSAisolates was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted following the CLSI 2021 guidelines. Results:The prevalence of MRSAstrains in this study was 42.9%. Majority of patients with MRSAwere from UUTH (44%) closely followed by patients from GHIA(40%). High antibiotics resistant rates of MRSAwere recorded for ampicillin (96.6%), ciprofloxacin (73.3%), erythromycin (63.3%) and cotrimoxazole (60%). Gentamicin and ceftriaxone sensitivity rates were 53.3% and 63.4%, respectively. Conclusion:Health facilities in the state should institute effective antimicrobial stewardship, intensify surveillance and screening of Staphylococcus aureusfor MRSAstrains to guard against dissemination of multidrug resistant strains in both hospital and community settings because of the clinical implications.

Operational nursing managers' experiences of clinical supervision at a Johannesburg Hospital

Background: Clinical supervision is pivotal in supporting nurses in rendering quality, safe patient care. Therefore, it is essential to understand clinical supervision from operational nursing managers' context to define existing challenges and propose suitable recommendations. Objectives: This study aimed to explore and describe operational nursing managers' experiences of clinical supervision within the context of an academic hospital in Gauteng province and propose evidence-based practice recommendations to improve patient safety and the quality of clinical supervision. Method: An exploratory, sequential, mixed-method design was used and implemented over two phases to take advantage of the strengths of both the qualitative and quantitative research designs. Unstructured individual interviews were conducted to collect data in phase one, and an adapted Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS) questionnaire was used to collect data in phase two. Results: Operational nursing managers work in stressful conditions and environments with a gross shortage of staff and tools of the trade while being expected to deliver high-quality and safe nursing care. Of the sampled respondents, 36% (n = 17) were dissatisfied with the supervision they received, while 64% (n = 30) were indifferent in the sense that they did not think it was adequate or inadequate. Conclusion: Clinical supervisors should be trained and supported in clinical supervision, with regular workshops on interpersonal relations. Contribution: A clearer understanding of clinical supervision within the hospital context and evidence-based practice recommendations to improve patient safety and the quality of clinical supervision.

History and Clinical Application of Classic Famous Formula Danggui Sinitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Danggui Sinitang is first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Han dynasty. It is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Tetrapanacis Medulla， and Jujubae Fructus and serves as a classic formula for treating the syndrome of blood deficiency and cold reversal. This study systematically reviews the records of Danggui Sinitang in ancient Chinese medicine books of various dynasties and the modern clinical applications to probe into the composition， plant species， processing， dosage， decocting method， and indications of Danggui Sinitang， aiming to provide a reference for the development and clinical application of this classic formula. The review of the records showed that there were a variety of records of Danggui Sinitang with different composition， and the composition of this formula listed in the Treatise on Cold Damage has a significant impact on later generations and has been used by medical practitioners throughout history. Although the dosage of some drugs decreased during the Ming and Qing dynasties， the medical practitioners continued to use the original formula. In terms of processing， although there were slight changes in the processing of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Tetrapanacis Medulla， the original processing method was inherited. In terms of indications， Danggui Sinitang was designed to treat cold reversal due to blood deficiency and dysentery. Furthermore， it was used to treat headache， convulsive disease， infantile convulsion， and private part adduction in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Nowadays， this formula is mostly used to treat diabetes peripheral neuropathy， rheumatoid arthritis， dysmenorrhea， Raynaud's disease and other diseases. In terms of precautions， ancient physicians believed that Danggui Sinitang should not be taken by pregnant women and should only be used for limb chills caused by blood deficiency and cold coagulation. For limb chills caused by other reasons， this formula should not be used indiscriminately. Modern research has not reported any serious adverse reactions related to this formula. Danggui Sinitang has a definite therapeutic effect. In subsequent research and development， quality control standards of Danggui Sinitang should be established while its safety is ensured， and the related preparations should be developed and applied.

What is an "ongoing" clinical trial? An analysis of different sources revealed heterogeneous definitions of when a clinical trial starts and ends: a meta-research study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although the concept of an "ongoing study" seems self-explanatory, it is difficult to determine whether a trial is underway. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the definitions of "ongoing clinical trial" across different clinical trial registries, methodological guidelines, and other sources. DESIGN AND SETTING: This meta-research study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of relevant clinical trial registry databases, methodological guidelines for conducting systematic reviews, and other sources that would define or regulate clinical trials. RESULTS: We identified various heterogeneous definitions used by eligible sources at both the start and end of a clinical trial. The starting criteria used were as follows: when the team is planning the protocol, when permission is given to conduct the study, or when the first participant is enrolled. Some sources used the time at which the last outcome data was collected as a criterion to determine the end of the trial. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors stated that a study is still "ongoing" during the analysis process. Several sources use a vague definition or present no clear criteria for defining the start or end of a study. CONCLUSION: The concept of "ongoing clinical trials" lacks a transparent and homogeneous definition across relevant sources. A consensus on this concept is important to facilitate the evaluation of available evidence and conduct research synthesis. Further efforts are necessary to determine the best definition for the start and end of a clinical trial.

Autopercepção do Impacto Imediato na Voz de Cantores Gospel após uma Apresentação de uma hora / Self-perception of the Immediate Impact on the Voice of Gospel Singers after a one-hour Presentation

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o impacto imediato na voz de cantores gospel com e sem queixa vocal após uma apresentação individual de uma hora. Método Aplicação de um questionário online que abordou os seguintes aspectos: 1 - Dados sociodemográficos; 2 - Autoavaliação da habilidade de cantar pelo protocolo Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily (EASE-BR); 3 - Autoavaliação de sintomas de fadiga vocal pelo Índice de Fadiga Vocal (IFV); e 4 - Autoavaliação da desvantagem vocal pelo protocolo Índice de Desvantagem Vocal 10 (IDV-10). Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Com Queixa (CQ) e Grupo Sem Queixa (SQ) com base no escore total do IDV-10. Os dados passaram por análise estatística descritiva e inferencial considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram 43 cantores gospel com idade mediana de 34 anos, divididos entre 32 do grupo SQ e 11 do grupo CQ. O grupo CQ autorrelatou rouquidão e maior dificuldade ao cantar no EASE e maiores escores nos protocolos IDV-10 e IFV. Foi evidenciada correlação positiva entre a dificuldade ao cantar e a desvantagem vocal com a fadiga de cantores amadores gospel, sendo que essa correlação foi maior para o grupo SQ. Conclusão Cantores com queixa vocal apresentaram maiores índices de fadiga vocal, desvantagem vocal e maior dificuldade para cantar após uma hora de apresentação. Cantores sem queixa podem ter a habilidade de cantar prejudicada pela fadiga vocal. Variações na habilidade ao cantar e desvantagens vocais de cantores amadores gospel podem ter relação direta com a fadiga vocal.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the immediate impact on the voice of gospel singers with and without vocal complaints after a one-hour individual presentation. Methods Application of an online questionnaire that addressed the following aspects: 1 - Sociodemographic data; 2 - Self-assessment of the ability to sing using the Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily (EASE-BR) protocol; 3 - Self-assessment of vocal fatigue symptoms using the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) protocol; and 4 - Self-assessment of voice handicap using the Voice Handicap Index 10 (VHI-10) protocol. Participants were divided into two groups: Group with Vocal Complaint (WVC) and Group with no Vocal Complaint (WnVC) based on the total score of the IDV-10. Data underwent descriptive and inferential statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%. Results The study included 43 gospel singers with a median age of 34 years: 32 were in the WnVC group and 11 were in the WVC group. The WVC group reported hoarseness and experienced more difficulty while singing in the EASE, resulting in higher scores in both the VHI-10 and VFI protocols. A positive correlation was observed between singing difficulty and vocal handicap due to fatigue in amateur gospel singers, with this correlation being stronger within the WnVC group. Conclusion After one hour of performance, singers with vocal complaints exhibited higher rates of vocal fatigue, vocal disadvantage, and greater difficulty in singing. Singers without complaints may have their ability to sing impaired by vocal fatigue. Variations in singing ability and vocal handicaps in amateur gospel singers may be directly related to vocal fatigue.

Entre paradas e movimentos: uma revisão teórica a respeito do silêncio em psicanálise / Between stops and movements: a theoretical review of silence in psychoanalysis / Entre arrêts et mouvements: une revue littéraire du silence en psychanalyse / Entre paradas y movimientos: una revisión teórica sobre el silencio en el psicoanálisis

Em um contexto clínico, existem diversos tipos de silêncio, próprios de cada análise e presentes de diferentes formas no processo analítico. Este artigo visa realizar uma revisão teórica a respeito do silêncio na literatura psicanalítica. Pretende, também, transitar por reflexões existentes na psicanálise acerca de um silêncio específico: silêncio com potência de movimento e função criadora no processo de análise. A partir da revisão realizada, percebe-se que o silêncio na clínica psicanalítica pode ser pensado a partir do silêncio do paciente, do analista ou em seu aspecto intersubjetivo, ou seja, relacional. A revisão da palavra "silêncio" na obra freudiana abre espaço para pensar a presença intrínseca, porém, coadjuvante, do silêncio na psicanálise desde suas origens. A pesquisa também possibilita ampliar o entendimento do silêncio para além de seu aspecto resistencial. Ilumina os aspectos produtivos e potentes desse conceito em psicanálise e no trabalho analítico

Silence presents many forms within a clinical context, specific to each case and presenting in different ways during the analytical process. This theoretical review of the psychoanalytic literature on silence seeks to push forward psychoanalysis reflections about silence imbued with the power of movement and a creative function. Silence in clinical psychoanalysis can be considered from the perspective of the patient, the analyst, or the relationship, i.e., its intersubjective aspect. A review of the word "silence" within Freud's work allows us to reflect on the intrinsic but supporting presence of silence in psychoanalysis since its origins , expanding the understanding of silence beyond resistance. It clarifies the productive and potent aspects of this concept in psychoanalysis and the analytical process

Le silence se présente sous de nombreuses formes dans un contexte clinique, spécifique à chaque cas et se manifestant de différentes manières au cours du processus analytique. Cette revue théorique de la littérature psychanalytique sur le silence cherche à parcourir les réflexions existantes en psychanalyse sur le silence doté de puissance de mouvement et de fonction créatrice. Le silence dans la clinique psychanalytique peut être conçu du point de vue du patient, de l'analyste ou de son aspect inter-subjectif, c'est-à-dire relationnel. Un examen du mot silence chez Freud nous permet de réfléchir à la présence intrinsèque, bien que secondaire, du silence au sein de la psychanalyse depuis ses origines, en élargissant la compréhension du silence au-delà de la résistance. Elle met également en évidence les aspects productifs et puissants du concept de silence en psychanalyse et dans le travail analytique

En un contexto clínico, existen varios tipos de silencio, específicos para cada análisis y presentes de diferentes maneras en el proceso analítico. Este artículo se propone realizar una revisión teórica sobre el silencio en la literatura psicoanalítica. También tiene como objetivo avanzar a través de las reflexiones existentes en el psicoanálisis sobre un silencio específico: el silencio con el poder del movimiento y la función creativa en el trabajo de análisis. De la revisión realizada, queda claro que el silencio en la clínica psicoanalítica puede pensarse desde el silencio del paciente, el analista o en su aspecto intersubjetivo, es decir, relacional. La revisión de la palabra silencio dentro del trabajo freudiano llevado a cabo en la investigación abre el espacio para pensar sobre la presencia intrínseca, pero de apoyo, del silencio dentro del psicoanálisis desde sus orígenes. La investigación también permite ampliar la comprensión del silencio más allá de su aspecto resistivo. Ilumina los aspectos productivos y potentes de este concepto en el psicoanálisis y el trabajo analítico