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Objetivo: analisar a produção científica brasileira, na Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, que utilizou o método de adaptação transcultural. Método: estudo documental, com busca realizada na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações, que resultou em 140 dissertações e 72 teses para análise, oriundas de Programas de Pós-Graduação da região Sudeste, seguida das regiões Nordeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, sem representação da região Norte. Resultados: os instrumentos adaptados foram, em sua maioria, procedentes do idioma inglês. Prevaleceram as pesquisas na área/campo Assistencial, destacando-se a linha de pesquisa Processo de Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem. Identificou-se descompasso entre o que é produzido na área e o que é recomendado internacionalmente. Conclusão: verificou-se aumento na utilização da adaptação transcultural como método de pesquisa, com persistência das assimetrias acadêmicas regionais e sem consenso sobre o referencial metodológico.
Objective: to analyze the Brazilian scientific production in Postgraduate Nursing education using the cross-cultural adaptation method. Method: documentary study with searches carried out in the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations resulting in 140 Master's theses and 72 Doctoral dissertations for analysis originated from Postgraduate Programs carried out in the Southeast region of Brazil, followed by the Northeast, South and Midwest regions there was no representation of the North region. Results: the adapted instruments were, mostly, originally written in English. Research in the Care area/field prevailed, highlighting the line of research called Health and Nursing Care Process. A gap between what is produced in the area and what is recommended internationally was identified. Conclusion: an increase in the use of cross-cultural adaptation as a research method was noticed, with the persistence of regional academic asymmetries and lack of consensus on the methodological framework.
Objetivo: analizar la producción científica brasileña, en el Postgrado en Enfermería, que utilizó el método de adaptación transcultural. Método: estudio documental, la búsqueda se realizó en la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones, se obtuvieron 140 tesis de maestría y 72 tesis de doctorado para análisis, provenientes de Programas de Posgrado de la región Sudeste, seguida de las regiones Nordeste, Sur y Centro-Oeste, no se encontraron documentos de la región Norte. Resultados: los instrumentos adaptados fueron, en su mayoría, del idioma inglés. Predominaron las investigaciones en el área/campo Asistencial, se destacó la línea de investigación Proceso de Atención en Salud y Enfermería. Se identificó que lo que se produce en el área no coincide con lo que se recomienda a nivel internacional. Conclusión: se comprobó que aumentó el uso de la adaptación transcultural como método de investigación, que persisten las disparidades académicas regionales y que no hay consenso sobre el marco metodológico.
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Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal validar el Voice Handicap Index (VHI) y su versión abreviada (VHI-10) adaptados al español rioplatense de Argentina, con objetivos específicos centrados en evaluar su fiabilidad y validez. Metodología: La adaptación cultural incluyó técnicas de traducción directa, síntesis y retrotraducción, evaluación de la equivalencia semántica y aplicación a un grupo piloto. Para la validación se evaluó la fiabilidad de ambos índices adaptados mediante la consistencia interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach) y la estabilidad test-retest (prueba de Bland-Altman, CCI y r de Spearman). Además, se examinó la validez de criterio y de constructo. 213 sujetos participaron en la validación del índice adaptado de 30 ítems (123 disfónicos; 90 de control); 113, en la del índice abreviado (63 disfónicos; 50 de control). Resultados: Se constituyó el Índice de Desventaja Vocal (IDV) como la versión adaptada del VHI al español rioplatense de Argentina. Ambos índices demostraron excelente consistencia interna (IDV-30 α = 0,96; IDV-10 α = 0,92) y estabilidad y concordancia (IDV-30 CCI = 0,95; IDV-10 CCI = 0,96). Se halló alta correlación entre los puntajes de ambos índices y la autoevaluación de la severidad de la disfonía de los participantes (r = 0,85). Ambos índices demostraron capacidad de diferenciar entre individuos con disfonía y sujetos sanos (p< 0,001). El análisis factorial reveló tres factores para el IDV-30 y un factor para el IDV-10. Conclusiones: El IDV-30 e IDV-10 presentan grados adecuados de fiabilidad y validez. Ambos pueden ser incluidos en protocolos de valoración de la función vocal por profesionales de Argentina.
Aim: This study aimed to validate the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and its abbreviated version (VHI-10) adapted into Rioplatense Spanish from Argentina, with specific goals centered on assessing their reliability and validity. Methods: Cultural adaptation involved direct translation, synthesis and back-translation techniques, followed by an assessment of semantic equivalence and application to a pilot group. For the validation process, the reliability of both adapted indices was assessed through measures of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and test-retest stability (Bland-Altman test, ICC and Spearman's correlation coefficient). Additionally, we conducted analyses to asses criterion and construct validity. 213 subjects participated in the validation of the adapted 30-items index, (123 with dysphonia; 90 from control group); 113, in the abbreviated version (63 with dysphonia; 50 from control group). Results: The "Índice de Desventaja Vocal" (IDV) was established as the adapted version of the VHI into Rioplatense Spanish from Argentina. Both indeces exhibited excellent internal consistency (IDV-30 α = 0,96; IDV-10 α = 0,92) and satisfactory stability and agreement (IDV-30 CCI = 0,95; IDV-10 CCI = 0,96). Regarding validity, a strong correlation was observed between the scores of both indeces and the participant's self-assessment of dysphonia degree (r = 0,85). Both indices effectively differentiated between individuals with dysphonia and healthy subjects (p< 0,001). Factor analysis revealed three factors for the IDV-30 and one factor for the IDV-10. Conclusion: The IDV-30 and IDV-10 demonstrate satisfactory levels of reliability and validity. Both indices can be incorporated into the assessment protocols for evaluating the vocal function by professionals in Argentina.
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By reviewing the research history on quality comparison between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs， this paper systematically combed the relevant research reports since the 1950s， and summarized and analyzed the results of existing comparative studies， and found that the existing comparative research on the quality of wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs were mainly focused on several aspects， including characteristics， microstructures， chemical compositions， pharmacodynamic effects， and genetic diversity. Among these， comparative studies of chemical compositions have been the dominant approach， with a particular emphasis on comparing the contents of index components. However， research on pharmacodynamic effects remained relatively limited. Due to various factors such as sample quantity， sample origin， growth period and cultivation methods， the differences in quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs vary significantly. In general， most wild Chinese crude drugs exhibited higher quality than cultivated products， with significant differences in their characteristics. The contents and proportions of some chemical components underwent noticeable changes， particularly with a marked increase in the proportion of primary metabolites after cultivation. The quality of cultivated Chinese crude drugs is closely related to the cultivation practices employed. Chinese crude drugs produced through wild nurturing， simulated wild planting， ecological cultivation， and other similar methods demonstrate quality levels comparable to those of wild Chinese crude drugs. Based on the analysis results， it is recommended to explicitly specify the cultivation practices and cultivation period of cultivated Chinese crude drugs in comparative studies of the quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Multiple technical approaches， including characteristics， microscopy， non-targeted metabolomics combined with quantitative analysis of differential components， and bioefficacy evaluation， should be employed to comprehensively assess the quality disparities between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Moreover， research efforts should be intensified to investigate the changes in pharmacodynamic effects resulting from differences in plant cell wall composition， primary metabolites， and secondary metabolites， in order to guide the production of high-quality Chinese crude drugs.
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Due to the difference of cultural background, the psychological, social and spiritual needs of dying people are very different, so there are great differences in the care and nursing concept of dying people in different countries and nationalities. In order to construct the modern hospice care, we should actively learn from the western experience, but more important is to dig the local ideological resources from the traditional culture, build a set of caring care theory and practice rooted in China and originated from the concept of a good end of Chinese traditional culture, with the characteristics of the times and the cultural confidence of the Chinese nation, serving the Chinese people, and with Chinese characteristics.
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Objective To summarize and analyze the difficulties and key points in the measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water based on the results of national measurement capability comparison assessment, and provide the basis and reference for the future work and the development of new local standards. Methods The research team participated in the comparison assessment for measurement of the gross radioactivity in water samples organized by National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. According to the comparison assessment results and the content in the national standard GB/T 5750.13—2023 (published draft), the steps of spike recovery involved during the measurement were analyzed and discussed. Two different formulas used for spike recovery calculation were analyzed for their impact on the final measurement results. Results When the spike recovery F(derived) derived from the formulas was used for result calculation, the spike recovery ranged as follows: gross α: 63.00%−84.60%, and gross β: 95.0%−99.1%; 3/6 of the comparison results were determined as excellent and 3/6 as pass as a whole (among them, 4 were excellent and 2 were pass for both single gross α assessment items and single gross β assessment items). When the spike recovery F from the GB/T 5750.13—2023 (published draft) was used for result calculation, the spike recovery ranged as follows: gross α: 39.69%−71.57%, and gross β: 90.25%−98.21%; 5/6 of the comparison results were determined as fail and 1/6 as pass (among them, 5 were fail and 1 was pass for single gross α assessment items; 5 were excellent and 1 was pass for single gross β assessment items). When two different formulas were used for spike recovery calculation, there was a significant difference in gross α radioactivity measurement (t = 4.27, P = 0.03 < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in gross β radioactivity measurement (t = 0.667, P = 0.524 > 0.05). Conclusion In the measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water, appropriate reference to the spike recovery has a great influence on the measurement results. Therefore, quality control should be strengthened to further ensure the accuracy of measurement.
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Objective To summarize and improve the related technical issues by analyzing the nationwide interlaboratory comparison of gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement over the years. Methods According to the requirements of interlaboratory comparison and the national standards, the gross α and gross β radioactivity in water were measured, and the results were analyzed to identify the influencing factors. Results From 2018 to 2022, our laboratory participated in five nationwide interlaboratory comparisons of gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement. The Z-test values for gross α and gross β measurement ranged from −0.24 to 1.8 and −1.4 to 0.35, respectively. The relative deviations ranged from −4% to 32% and −18% to 6%, respectively. All comparisons were within the acceptable ranges. Conclusion The analysis of comparisons showed that the results were within the acceptable ranges. The relative deviations between the measurement and the reference values have decreased over the years. The summary and improvement of related technologies have improved the measurement accuracy.
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Abstract The present study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for native Brazilian Portuguese-speaking adolescents (DHLI-BrA). Cross-cultural adaptation consisted of the following steps: translation, assessment, and adjustments by the expert committee to ensure cultural equivalence; back-translation, and synthesis of back-translations. Cognitive testing was then performed in a pretest with adolescents using cognitive interviews with probing questions on the item's understanding interpretation and response options. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega were used to estimate the instrument's reliability. Forty-two Brazilian adolescents participated in the study (mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0 years; range: 13 to 19 years). Items that were difficult to understand were adapted to the context of Brazilian adolescents. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega for the 21 items of the DHLI-BrA were, respectively, 0.79 and 0.80. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of the self-report instrument was 0.53-0.79 (range), demonstrating good reliability in the total instrument and moderate reliability in the subscales. This study provides the cross-cultural adapted version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which is an instrument for measuring digital Health literacy, for use in Brazilian adolescents (DHLI-BrA).
Resumo O estudo teve o objetivo de adaptar transculturalmente o Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) para adolescentes nativos do idioma português do Brasil (DHLI-BrA). O estudo de adaptação transcultural consistiu nas seguintes etapas: tradução, avaliação e adequação de equivalência cultural da tradução por comitê de especialistas; retrotradução e síntese das retrotraduções. Foi realizada a testagem cognitiva em pré-teste com adolescentes, utilizando-se entrevistas cognitivas com perguntas de sondagem sobre a compreensão e interpretação dos itens e opções de resposta. O alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald's foram utilizados para estimar a confiabilidade do instrumento. Participaram do pré-teste 42 adolescentes brasileiros com média de idade de 16,0 ± 2,0 (variação de 13-19) anos. Os itens com dificuldade de compreensão foram adaptados ao contexto dos adolescentes brasileiros. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e o ômega de McDonald's, para os 21 itens do DHLI-BrA foi respectivamente, 0,79 e 0,80. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para as subescalas do instrumento de autorrelato foi de 0,53-0,79 (variação), demonstrando boa confiabilidade no instrumento total e confiabilidade moderada nas subescalas. Este estudo fornece a versão adaptada transculturalmente do Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), um instrumento de mensuração do letramento digital em saúde, para utilização em adolescentes brasileiros (DHLI-BrA).
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Introduction. Thyca-QoL is a specific instrument to assess QoL in thyroid cancer patients, but it is not validated in Spanish language. The aim was to assess the psychometric properties of the Thyca-QoL. Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study. The Thyca-QoL was translated and adapted to Spanish language. A psychometric validation using an exploratory principal axis factor analysis and confirmatory analysis, concurrent validation compared with EORTC QLQ-C30 and a test-retest reliability assessment was done. Results. A total of 296 patients were included. Exploratory factor analysis showed a seven-factor solution with good diagnostic tests results. Cronbach Ìs alpha for the global scale was 0.86. The comparison between the Thyca-QoL and the EORTC QLQ-C30 demonstrated a high correlation (rho= 0.75) and coefficient for test-retest was 0.87. Discussion. The validation process followed all the methodological steps necessary to guarantee the performance of the instrument. The measurements of the internal validity, reliability, and reproducibility reached similar results as the original validation. The factor analysis showed a solution with seven factors that resembles the original results. Reproducibility was high for voice, sympathetic, sex, and chilliness domains and moderate for the others; the instrument had the ability to discriminate between clinical conditions. Conclusion. The spanish version of the thyroid-cancer-specific Thyca-QoL is a reliable and objective instrument to be used in clinical practice and for research objectives in Spanish speaking patients
Introducción. Thyca-QoL es un instrumento específico para evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer de tiroides, pero no está validado en idioma español. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de Thyca-QoL. Métodos. Se hizo un estudio prospectivo transversal. El Thyca-QoL fue traducido y adaptado al idioma español. Se realizó una validación psicométrica mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio del eje principal y un análisis confirmatorio, una validación concurrente en comparación con EORTC QLQ-C30 y una evaluación de la fiabilidad test-retest. Resultados. Se incluyeron 296 pacientes. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una solución de siete factores con buenos resultados en las pruebas de diagnóstico. El alfa de Cronbach para la escala global fue de 0,86. La comparación entre Thyca-QoL y EORTC QLQ-C30 demostró una alta correlación (rho = 0,75) y el coeficiente para test-retest fue 0,87. Discusión. El proceso de validación siguió todos los pasos metodológicos necesarios para garantizar el desempeño del instrumento. Las medidas de validez interna, confiabilidad y reproducibilidad alcanzaron resultados similares a los de la validación original. El análisis factorial mostró una solución con siete factores que se asemeja a los resultados originales. La reproducibilidad fue alta para los dominios de voz, simpático, sexo y escalofríos y moderada para los demás; el instrumento tuvo la capacidad de discriminar entre condiciones clínicas.Conclusión. La versión en español de la escala thyroid-cancer-specific Thyca-QoL es un instrumento confiable y objetivo para ser utilizado en la práctica clínica y para objetivos de investigación en pacientes hispanohablantes
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Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Estudo de Validação , Psicometria , Qualidade de Vida , Comparação TransculturalRESUMO
Resumen La presente investigación se focalizó en los diferentes tipos de uso (activo/pasivo) que hacen los usuarios de redes sociales y los efectos psicológicos que esto puede conllevar, sobre todo en aquellos sujetos tendientes a compararse con los demás. Por un lado, se examinó el poder predictor de variables relacionadas al uso de redes sociales (i. e., tiempo de conexión, tipo de uso -pasivo/activo-, motivaciones de uso) y la comparación social, sobre el malestar psicológico percibido (i. e., depresión, ansiedad, estrés). Por otro lado, se analizó el rol mediador de la comparación social en la relación entre el uso pasivo de redes sociales y la percepción de malestar psicológico percibido. La muestra fue de conveniencia y estuvo compuesta por 420 sujetos de población general (211 hombres, 209 mujeres), con una media de edad de 40.29 años (DE = 14.93). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de recolección de datos: Motives for SMSs use Scale; Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) y una escala diseñada ad-hoc para evaluar el uso activo y pasivo que se hace de redes sociales. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la comparación social es el principal predictor de malestar psicológico junto con el motivo de uso relacionado con pasatiempo/exhibicionismo. Además, se pudo comprobar un efecto indirecto del uso pasivo sobre el malestar psicológico considerando a la comparación social como variable mediadora. Por lo tanto, usar pasivamente las redes generaría mayor malestar si el usuario tiende a compararse con quienes realizan las publicaciones.
Abstract The present investigation is framed in the field of cyberpsychology. It aimed to analyze the predictive power of variables related to the use of social media sites -SMSs- (i. e., connection time, type of use -passive / active-, motivations for use) and social comparison, on perceived psychological distress (i. e., depression, anxiety, stress). Furthermore, the mediating role of social comparison in the relationship between the passive use of SMSs and the perceived psychological distress, was also analyzed. It is important to study these topics since different international studies have shown inconsistent and contradictory results regarding the effects of SMSs use on individuals' well-being (e. g., Frison y Eggermont, 2015; Kraut et al., 2002; Nie et al., 2015). Consequently, some studies have focused on understanding whether the manner in which people use the networks, whether actively or passively, explains how technology impacts on users' well-being and/or psychological distress (Verduyn et al., 2015). The negative impact of passive use of SMSs can be explained by the Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954), which suggests that people tend to evaluate themselves in comparison with others. These comparisons might generate negative effects on the individual (Giagkou et al., 2018) and, according to Lup et al. (2015), social comparison may be a mediating variable in this association. Regarding participants of the study, a convenience sample of 420 subjects of general population was studied (211 men, 209 women). The mean age was 40.29 years old (SD = 14.93). The majority of the participants (n = 278) lived in Buenos Aires City and surroundings. In terms of variables related to the use of SMSs, when asked about type of SMSs, most participants reported using more than one SMS, mainly Facebook (72 %) and Instagram (57 %). Regarding time spent on SMSs, 60 % of the respondents used their favorite SMS more than three times a day. The mean daily time engaged on all the SMSs exceeded five hours. Data were gathered using the Motives for SMSs use Scale (Lupano Perugini y Castro Solano, 2021a), the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM-E) (Buunk et al., 2005; Gibbons y Buunk, 1999), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (Antúnez y Vinet, 2012; Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995). Furthermore, a survey to assess individuals' use of social networks was designed. The first part explored the most frequently used SMSs, the number and type of friends/followers, and the time spent on SMSs. The main SMSs were listed and participants were asked to indicate whether they used them or not, and if they did, they rated the amount of time spent on SMSs daily. The total amount of time per day was also surveyed. The second part of the survey was designed based on The Passive Active Use Measure (PAUM, Gerson et al., 2017) and some users' suggestions. This instrument assesses the frequency of certain activities performed on the networks to find out if participants make active use (e. g., posting information, commenting) or passive use (e. g., viewing profiles and posts, scrolling). The obtained results showed that social comparison is the main predictor of psychological distress. The motivation for use related to pass time / exhibitionism was also a significant predictor. In addition, an indirect effect of passive use on perceived psychological distress could be verified, considering social comparison as a mediating variable. Therefore, using the social networks passively would generate greater discomfort if the user tends to compare themselves with those who make the publications. The results of this study allow both users and healthcare and education providers to have greater knowledge of the consequences of using social media on individuals' overall well-being, and to promote their proper use.
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Histoid leprosy (HL) is a rare highly bacilliferous variant of lepromatous leprosy (LL). We are describing here a case series of HL in a tertiary care centre along with a comparison of the clinical features with cases of LL encountered in the same centre. There were 6 cases of HL in our centre for the past 10 years accounting for 1.86% of the total number of leprosy cases. HL constituted 11.54% of the total LL cases. 4 cases were de novo HL and 2 cases due to relapse. Papules, plaques and nodules were the commonest primary skin lesions. The distribution was localised in HL, mainly confined to the upper and lower limbs, while in LL it was symmetrical and generalised and mainly localised to the trunk. Superciliary madarosis, ear lobe infiltration, glove and stocking type of anaesthesia were found in the majority of LL, while lacking in HL patients. Type 2 lepra reaction and Grade 2 disability was much more common in LL, than HL. A very important finding in this case series is that the mean BI and MI of HL was more than in LL. All the patients were given of MB-MDT for 12 months and in patients who had initial BI of 4+ or more were given 24 months treatment and there were no cases of relapse after release from treatment
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In 2020, the global prevalence of glaucoma was estimated to be 76 million and it was projected to increase to 111.8 million by 2040. Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is imperative in glaucoma management since it is the only modifiable risk factor. Numerous studies have compared the reliability of IOP measured using transpalpebral tonometers and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the existing literature with a reliability and agreement comparison of transpalpebral tonometers against the gold standard GAT for IOP measurement among individuals presenting for ophthalmic examinations. The data collection will be performed using a predefined search strategy through electronic databases. Prospective methods-comparison studies published between January 2000 and September 2022 will be included. Studies will be deemed eligible if they report empirical findings on the agreement between transpalpebral tonometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry. The standard deviation and limits of agreement between each study and their pooled estimate along with weights and percentage of error will be reported using a forest plot. Cochrane’s Q test and the I2 statistic will be used to assess heterogeneity, and the publication bias will be investigated using a funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The review results will provide additional evidence on the reliability of transpalpebral tonometers that, in turn, could possibly assist practitioners to make informed decision about using it as a screening or diagnostic device for clinical practice, outreach camps, or home-based screening. Institutional Ethics Committee registration number: RET202200390. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022321693.
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Background: The new competency-based undergraduate curriculum (CBME) was implemented in India from the academic year 2019. However, there has been no clear-cut comparison on its effect on the academic performance of the students. Aim and Objective: This study aims to find the comparison between students of traditional and CBME curriculum in the subject of pharmacology based on their academic parameters. It also aims to establish comparison and correlation of academic performance with gender, home place area, and mode of learning used. We also aim to determine whether objective parameters like multiple choice question (MCQ) section of preliminary examination show any correlation with final university examination performance. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional type of study. Seventy-seven students from traditional old curriculum and 98 students from CBME new curriculum batches participated with informed consent. The data for analysis between old and new curriculum batches were done using the mark obtained in final university examination in the subject of pharmacology. Quantitative parameters, that is, total marks overall, total theory marks, total marks in practical and oral viva combined, total marks in internal assessment and MCQ marks of preliminary examination, and qualitative variables such as gender of the student, home place area, that is, rural or urban and mode of learning used (physical or physical and digital) were obtained from the participants. IBM-SPSS version 25 software was used to perform descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The results clearly demonstrate that the old curriculum batch of 2018 performed better than 2019 in overall as well as practical aspects of the subject. Pearson’s correlation between all the quantitative parameters, that is, total marks overall, total theory marks, total marks in practical and oral viva combined, total marks in internal assessment, and MCQ marks of prelims for the batch of 2019 showed positive correlation with each other. Conclusions: This study concludes that the old curriculum batch performed better than new curriculum batch in the subject of pharmacology. MCQ examination held in offline mode helps in better correlation with final university results as compared to online mode.
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to measure students' sleep disorders 12 months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 693 students from three universities in El Salvador, Mexico, and the United States using the Student Health Behavior Inventory. Results: Sleep disorders were identified in the sample with those in the US reporting higher levels of sleep disorders and those in El Salvador reported the least. Differences were also observed by gender with females reporting more sleep disorders one year into the pandemic than males. Conclusions: The global pandemic related to COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the mental and physical wellbeing of students. Sudden changes in learning modalities, modifications to work schedules, and potential loss of loved ones have contributed to sleep disorders in this population group. Universities need to take steps to address the evolving needs of college students as they cope with this pandemic.
Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio transversal fue medir los trastornos de sueño de los estudiantes, 12 meses después del principio de la pandemia de COVID. Materiales y Métodos: Se recolectaron datos de 693 estudiantes de tres universidades en El Salvador, México y los Estados Unidos, utilizando el Inventario de Conducta de Salud del Estudiante. Resultados: Se identificaron síntomas de trastornos del sueño; los universitarios de EUA informaron niveles más altos de trastornos del sueño y los de El Salvador menos. También, se observaron diferencias por género, ya que las mujeres reportaron más trastornos del sueño un año después de la pandemia que los hombres. Conclusiones: La pandemia relacionada con COVID-19 ha tenido un profundo impacto en el bienestar mental y físico de los estudiantes. Los cambios repentinos en las modalidades de aprendizaje, las modificaciones en los horarios de trabajo y la posible pérdida de seres queridos han contribuido a los trastornos del sueño en este grupo poblacional. Las universidades deben tomar medidas para abordar las necesidades cambiantes de los estudiantes universitarios a raíz de la pandemia.
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Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP)is an important ?rst indicator of probability and suspicion of Glaucoma. The virtual IOP status is grossly in?uenced by multiple factors including Refractive errors ,corneal biomechanics ,central corneal thickness(CCT) and Scleral rigidity. To compare relative IOP measurements and Aim: its variability in Emmetropes, myopic and hypermetropic patients using Schiotz, Goldmann Applanation(GAT)and I-Care Rebound tonometer to establish an equation between virtual and real time IOP. This observational Materials and Methods: prospective study comprised of 100 subjects above the age of 18 years inclusive37 Emmetropes , 31 Hypermetropes and remaining 32 belonged to myopia . Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS for Windows Statistical Analysis : version 17.0 to calculate the demographic characteristics of the study cohort. The data were expressed as mean values including the standard deviation (SD) and the 95% con?dence interval (CI). Mean IOP measurements between Schiotz, I-Care and GAT were compared by One way ANOVA along with Individual pair wise comparison by applying Post Hoc Tukey Test for comparison of IOP measurements using a particular method of Tonometry in individuals of myopia, hypermetropia and emmetropia. The highest mean value of CCT 536.667 mum was in Hypermetropes whereas the lowest CCT value of Results: 507.031mum was in myopic eyes with statistically signi?cant (P<0.05). The mean value for IOP in Emmetropes was16.665 mm Hg for Schiotz , 15.027 Hg for GAT and 15.081 mm Hg for I –Care .Whereas Hypermetropes revealed mean value of 15.055 mm Hg for Schiotz , 14.323 mm Hg for GAT and 14.065 mm Hg for I –Care . The mean value for IOP in Myopic eyes was 16.875 mm Hg for Schiotz , 14.375 mm Hg for GAT and 14.688 mm Hg for I –Care . The study had revealed higher mean Conclusion : value of IOP in Myopic eyes as compare to Emetropic and Hypermetropic subjects.IOP measurements by the Schiotz tonometer were signi?cantly higher as compare to GAT and I-Care tonometer. Whereas recordings by GAT and I Care tonometers were almost in agreement .De?nitive correlation could not be established between pachymetry readings and adjusted IOP following GAT and I –Care tonometry .
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Resumo Instrumentos para avaliar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de frutas, verduras e legumes (FLV) de adolescentes são escassos, e há um instrumento - sem nome e validação - que investiga estes determinantes oriundos de teorias da psicologia social e direcionado à frequência de ingestão semanal de FLV de adolescentes. O objetivo foi apresentar o processo de adaptação e validação fatorial deste instrumento para ser aplicado em estudos na população brasileira. Realizou-se equivalência conceitual e de itens; equivalência semântica por tradutores e especialistas e semântica e operacional por entrevistas dirigidas com público-alvo. A versão final - denominada Escala de Influências Psicossociais da ingestão de Frutas, Verduras e Legumes de Adolescentes (PSI-FAVES) - foi testada com 429 estudantes (58% mulheres) utilizando confiabilidade por ômega de McDonald (ω) e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) como métodos analíticos. A versão final demandou refinamento e o instrumento apresentou confiabilidade total adequada (ω=0,86) e bom ajuste dos dados ao modelo previamente conjecturado (CFI=0,955; TLI=0,951 e RMSEA (90%IC)=0,043 (0,038-0,049), sendo o primeiro instrumento sistematicamente validado para investigar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de FLV de adolescentes.
Abstract Instruments to evaluate psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among adolescents are scarce, and there appears to be only one instrument - unnamed and unvalidated - that investigates determinants derived from theories of social psychology targeting the frequency of F&V consumption among adolescents. The scope of this paper was to present the process of cultural adaptation and factor validation of this instrument al-lowing its use in studies with Brazilian adolescents. The cross-cultural adaptation process was accomplished and the final version - named Psychosocial Influence Scale for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents (PSI-FAVES) - was tested with 429 students (58% female) using McDonald's omega (ω) reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as analytical methods. The final version required refinement and the instrument showed adequate overall reliability (ω=0.86) and good fit of the data to the previously elaborated model (CFI=0.955; TLI=0.951 and RMSEA (90%CI) =0.043 (0.038-0.049)), being the first systematically validated instrument to investigate psychosocial determinants of F&V consumption among adolescents.
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Background & objectives: Chest X-ray (CXR) is an important screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Accessibility to CXR facilities in difficult-to-reach and underserved populations is a challenge. This can potentially be overcome by deploying digital X-ray machines that are portable. However, these portable X-ray machines need to be validated before their deployment in the field. Here, we compare the image quality of CXR taken by a newly developed handheld X-ray machine with routinely used reference digital X-ray machine through the conduct of a feasibility study. Methods: A total of 100 participants with suspected pulmonary TB were recruited from the outpatient departments of a medical college and a community health centre in Agra. Each participant underwent CXR twice, once with each machine. Both sets of de-identified images were independently read by two radiologists, who were blinded to the type of X-ray machine used. The primary outcome was agreement between image qualities produced by these two machines. Results: The intra-observer (radiologist) agreements regarding the status of the 15 CXR parameters ranged between 74 per cent and 100 per cent, with an unweighted mean of 87.2 per cent (95% confidence interval: 71.5-100). The median Cohen’s kappa values for intra-observer agreement were 0.62 and 0.67 for radiologists 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, on comparison of the overall median score of quality of the image, the handheld machine images had a higher score for image quality. Interpretation & conclusions: The current study shows that a handheld X-ray machine, which is easy to use and can potentially be carried to any area, produces X-ray images with quality that is comparable to digital X-ray machines routinely used in health facilities.
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Introduction: Scars and their associated signs and symptoms have the potential to impact many aspects of health. Given the growing number of individuals with new scars, it is essential to have reliable, sensitive, and specific assessment tools that analyze the influence that scars can have on the quality of life. The objective is translate the Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) into Portuguese, adapt it to the Brazilian cultural context, and test its reproducibility, reliability, and validity. Methods: The questionnaire was applied to 121 individuals with post-surgical scars consecutively selected at a plastic surgery clinic from January 2015 to June 2016. The PSAQ consists of 39 questions divided into five subscales: appearance, symptoms, perception, satisfaction with appearance, and symptoms. Then its reproducibility, face, content, and construct validity were analyzed. Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and construct validation was performed by correlating the translated instrument with the QualiFibro and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) questionnaires. Results: Analysis of the internal consistency of the PSAQ subscales obtained values >0.70 in all domains, showing good internal consistency. Reproducibility was demonstrated using Pearson's correlation and the Bland-Altman method, and the outcomes showed good reproducibility. In construct validation, a significant correlation was observed in all PSAQ domains with POSAS and QualiFibro. Conclusion: The PSAQ was translated into Portuguese and adapted to Brazilian culture, reproducible and presenting face, content, and construct validity.
Introdução: Cicatrizes e seus sinais e sintomas associados têm potencial para impactar vários aspectos da saúde. Dado o número crescente de indivíduos que adquirem novas cicatrizes, é importante ter ferramentas de avaliação confiáveis, sensíveis e específicas que analisem a influência que as cicatrizes podem exercer sobre a qualidade de vida. O objetivo é traduzir o Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) para a língua portuguesa, adaptá-lo ao contexto cultural brasileiro e testar sua reprodutibilidade, confiabilidade e validade. Método: O questionário foi aplicado em 121 indivíduos portadores de cicatrizes pós-cirúrgicas selecionados consecutivamente em ambulatório de cirurgia plástica no período de janeiro de 2015 a junho de 2016. O PSAQ é constituído por 39 questões divididas em cinco subescalas: aparência, sintomas, percepção, satisfação com a aparência e com os sintomas. Foram analisados a reprodutibilidade, validade de face, conteúdo e construto. A consistência interna foi testada pelo alfa de Cronbach e a validação de construto foi realizada correlacionando o instrumento traduzido com os questionários QualiFibro e Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Resultados: A análise da consistência interna das subescalas do PSAQ obteve valores maiores que 0,70 em todos os domínios, evidenciando uma boa consistência interna. A reprodutibilidade foi demonstrada através da correlação de Pearson e método de Bland-Altman, sendo observada boa reprodutibilidade. Na validação de construto observou-se correlação significativa entre todos os domínios do PSAQ com a POSAS e QualiFibro. Conclusão: O PSAQ foi traduzido para o português e adaptado à cultura brasileira, mostrando-se reprodutível e apresentando validade de face, conteúdo e construto.
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Background: Every teaching technique has its limitations and the need to evolve with changing times is required. A combination of these techniques may be useful to solve the problems that these methods have individually. However, there are no studies which provide a comparison between the three modes of teaching, that is, blackboard and Power Point presentation (PPT) combined, blackboard only and PPT only. Aim and Objectives: In this study, we aim to find out the difference between the three modes of teaching, that is, blackboard and presentation combined, blackboard only and presentation only in terms of academic performances of the students in the subject of pharmacology and the feedback received from them. Materials and Methods: The total batch of 150 students was divided into three groups of 50 students each. Each group was taught one topic through only one mode of teaching such that alternatively every group is exposed at least once to every mode of teaching. Pre-test was taken from all students before the start of the topic and post-test was taken after the end of the topic. Every group also filled a pre-validated feedback form with answers in either yes or no, at the end of the topic. The data were analyzed between the three groups in the form of percentages. One-way ANOVA test was used to find the comparison between mean values of marks scored in the tests and feedback between the three groups. Results: Blackboard and PPT combined (96.05%) received the highest positive feedback response followed by blackboard only (90.48%) and PPT only (87.42%) modes. The average scores in all the post-tests in all groups were higher than the pre-tests score;, however, the difference between them was not significant. Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that the combination of blackboard and presentation technique is the best mode of teaching to the students in the subject of pharmacology because it provides the interaction of classroom as well as the visual aid of important topics and images.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Perfectionist beliefs about emotions impact the experience and expression of emotions, being linked to increased levels of depression and anxiety. Given the influence of culture in the representation and expression of emotion, it is possible that beliefs vary across countries, but few empirical studies have been conducted on the theme. This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples regarding their beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Methods: The current study compared a total of 960 Brazilian and British participants, with the samples having a similar profile in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. Participants answered online the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES). This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples with regard to beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Results: Significant differences between samples were found for beliefs about emotions. As hypothesized, Brazilians scored lower on unhelpful beliefs about emotions, except for beliefs about experiencing negative feelings and emotional control. Differences in total BES scores remained even after the inclusion of depression and anxiety as covariates. Conclusions: Results suggest higher endorsement of perfectionist beliefs in a European versus a Latin American context, but highlight that this pattern depends on the specific beliefs being studied. These differences should be considered when working with people from different cultural backgrounds and developing cultural adaptations for clinical interventions and psychopathology models.
RESUMO Objetivo: Crenças perfeccionistas sobre emoções afetam a experiência e expressão de emoções, estando relacionadas a níveis aumentados de depressão e ansiedade. Dada a influência da cultura na representação e expressão de emoções, é possível que as crenças variem entre os países, mas poucos estudos empíricos foram realizados sobre o tema. Este estudo tem o objetivo de comparar amostras brasileiras e britânicas em relação às suas crenças sobre a experiência emocional e expressão. Métodos: O presente estudo comparou um total de 960 participantes brasileiros e britânicos, com as amostras tendo um perfil semelhante em termos de idade, gênero e etnia. Os participantes responderam on-line à Escala de Ansiedade Generalizada (GAD-7), ao Questionário de Saúde do Paciente (PHQ-9) e à Escala de Crenças sobre Emoções (BES). Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as amostras em relação às crenças sobre emoções. Como hipotetizado, os brasileiros obtiveram pontuações mais baixas em crenças prejudiciais sobre emoções, exceto nas crenças sobre experienciar sentimentos negativos e controle emocional. As diferenças nos escores totais da BES permaneceram mesmo após a inclusão de depressão e ansiedade como covariáveis. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem maior endosso de crenças perfeccionistas em um contexto europeu, em comparação com um contexto latino-americano, mas destacam que esse padrão depende das crenças específicas estudadas. Essas diferenças devem ser consideradas ao trabalhar com pessoas de diferentes origens culturais e no desenvolvimento de adaptações culturais para intervenções clínicas e modelos de psicopatologia.
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Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to translate and validate the Nutritional Pathway for Infants with Congenital Heart Disease before Surgery British nutritional protocol into Brazilian Portuguese and test its clinical feasibility for specialized clinicians in Brazilian hospitals. Method: The translation and validation process followed strict methodological standards over the following steps: 1) initial translation; 2) synthesis; 3) back-translation; 4) expert committee content validation, and pre-test clinical feasibility with 30 health professionals. Data were collected through the Research Electronic Data Capture software data system, and then extracted and analyzed through statistical analysis software. Results: The culturally adapted version was considered equivalent to the original. In the first round, 82% agreement was achieved, and after consensus, there was 100% agreement among the experts. Regarding the ease of use of the protocol in clinical practice, the instrument obtained a minimum agreement rate of 93.4% and a 0.92 content validity index. Conclusions: The results indicate that the instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese has high content validity, and high reliability among the experts, suggesting a high level of accuracy of the instrument and cultural adaptation for Brazilian culture and medical systems. It was easily understandable by health professionals, as well as simple to apply in clinical practice. The Nutritional protocol for preoperative infants with congenital heart disease can reproduce the outcomes found in the pilot of this instrument carried out in the United Kingdom, which may promote better pre-surgical nutritional status for infants with congenital heart disease in Brazil.