Análise da clareza metodológica como dimensão de qualidade do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde / Analysis of methodological clarity as a quality dimension of the National Register of Health Establishments

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação inseridas no sistema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, que analisou o CNES e seus documentos. Foram selecionados os documentos que contemplaram os descritores: tabela de vínculos de profissionais e/ou formas de contratação. A partir do conceito adotado para a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica, foram delineadas as categorias acessibilidade, conteúdo, variáveis, linguagem e usabilidade. No período de 2005 a 2020, foram publicados 17 documentos. Desses, três documentos se sobressaíram: o Leia-me da versão, a Tabela de Domínios e o Manual de preenchimento do CNES. O site do CNES passava por uma reestruturação, e nem todas as funcionalidades estavam devidamente implementadas. O site atual apresentou uma interface mais moderna e de fácil compreensão. A mudança da variável esfera administrativa para natureza jurídica, em 2015, pode dificultar a análise em série histórica. Evidencia-se que o CNES carece de melhor atenção quanto à clareza metodológica, considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação dos profissionais de saúde, inseridas no sistema.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the quality dimension of methodological clarity of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), considering the approach to forms of contracting in the system. This is a documentary research with a qualitative approach, which analyzed the CNES and its documents. Documents that included the following were selected: table of professional relationships and/or forms of hiring. Based on the concept adopted for the dimension of methodological clarity quality, the categories accessibility, content, variables, language, and usability were outlined. In the period from 2005 to 2020, 17 documents were published. Of those, three documents stood out: The version's Readme, the Domain Table, and the CNES Filling Manual. The CNES website underwent restructuring and not all features were completed. The current website has a more modern and easy-to-understand interface. The change from the administrative sphere variable to the legal nature, in 2015, may make historical series analysis difficult. It is evident that the CNES pays more attention to methodological clarity, considering the approach to the ways of hiring health professionals, included in the system.

A guide for systematic reviews of observational studies / Guía para revisiones sistemáticas de estudios observacionales / Guia para revisão sistematica de estudos observacionais

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe a guide for the development of systematic reviews of observational studies and systematization of international guidelines and tools, focusing on diverse evidence for innovation and clinical practice. Method: this theoretical-conceptual study was initiated during the development of a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies, using international guidelines and tools. Results: a guide was constructed to develop systematic reviews of observational studies. Diverse information about several stages and requirements for conducting a systematic review based on international guidelines and tools was systematized, aiming to ensure scientific rigor in manuscripts written by professionals from the health area. Conclusion: this study contributes to research in the health area by innovatively synthesizing guidance on the systematic review method and approaches. The references herein used serve as a starting point for understanding the procedures and international tools necessary for a systematic review of observational studies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir una guía para desarrollar revisiones sistemáticas de estudios observacionales y sistematizar pautas y herramientas internacionales, concentrándose en evidencias para la innovación y la práctica clínica. Método: este estudio teórico-conceptual se inició mientras se desarrollaba una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de estudios observacionales en la que se utilizaron directrices y herramientas internacionales. Resultados: se elaboró una guía para desarrollar revisiones sistemáticas de estudios observacionales. Se sistematizó diversa información sobre varias etapas y requisitos para realizar una revisión sistemática basada en directrices y herramientas internacionales, con el objetivo de garantizar el rigor científico en los manuscritos redactados por profesionales del área de salud. Conclusión: este estudio representa un innovador aporte a la investigación en el área de salud porque sintetiza las pautas sobre el método y los enfoques de las revisiones sistemáticas. Las referencias utilizadas en este trabajo son un buen punto de partida para comprender los procedimientos y las herramientas internacionales necesarios para una revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever um guia para o desenvolvimento de revisões sistemáticas de estudos observacionais, sistematização de orientações e ferramentas internacionais, com foco em evidências para inovação e prática clínica. Método: este estudo teórico-conceitual foi iniciado durante o desenvolvimento de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos observacionais em que foram usadas diretrizes e ferramentas internacionais. Resultados: foi construído um guia para desenvolver revisões sistemáticas de estudos observacionais. Foram sistematizadas informações sobre várias etapas e requisitos para realizar revisão sistemática pautada em diretrizes e ferramentas internacionais, visando rigor científico nos manuscritos redigidos por profissionais da área da saúde. Conclusão: este estudo é uma contribuição à pesquisa na área da saúde que inova ao sintetizar a orientação sobre o método e abordagens de revisão sistemática. As referências aqui usadas são um ponto de partida para compreender os procedimentos e ferramentas internacionais necessários a uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais.

Exploration of Decision-Making Methods Based on Syndrome Differentiation by “Data-Knowledge” Dual-Driven Models： A Case Study of Gastric Precancerous State / 中医杂志

Data analysis models may assist the transmission of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） experience and clinical diagnosis and treatment， and the possibility of constructing a “data-knowledge” dual-drive model was explored by taking gastric precancerous state as an example. Data-driven is to make clinical decisions around data analysis， and its syndrome-differentiation decision-making research relies on hidden structural models and partially observable Markov decision-making processes to identify the etiology of diseases， syndrome elements， evolution of pathogenesis， and syndrome differentiation protocols； knowledge-driven is to make use of data and information to promote decision-making and action processes， and its syndrome-differentiation decision-making research relies on convolutional neural networks to improve the accuracy of local disease identification and syndrome differentiation. The “data-knowledge” dual-driven model can make up for the shortcomings of single-drive numerical simulation accuracy， and achieve a balance between local disease identification and macroscopic syndrome differentiation. On the basis of previous research， we explored the construction method of diagnostic assisted decision-making platform for gastric precancerous state， and believed that the diagnostic and decision-making ability of doctors can be extended through the assistance of machines and algorithms. Meanwhile， the related research methods were integrated and the core features of gastric precancerous state based on TCM syndrome differentiation and endoscopic pathology diagnosis and prediction were obtained， and the elements of endoscopic pathology recognition based on TCM syndrome differentiation were explored， so as to provide ideas for the in-depth research and innovative application of cutting-edge data analysis technology in the field of intelligent TCM syndrome differentiation.

A Nonlinear Identification Approach for Gait Analysis of Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisPatients

Gait data analysis, is giving mixing results regarding locomotion changes associated to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) development; the need has been claimed for new tools. We applied a nonlinear identification approach to the study of gait data from both healthy and ALS patients, available from Physionet.org. Kernel nonparametric nonlinear autoregression allowed to obtain noise-free realizations (NFR) that mimicked original traces, though correlation between original data and corresponding NFR was lower among ALS patients (p=0.03), suggesting a higher contribution of stochastic influences. Visual inspection of phase portraits, reconstructed from NFR via Takens theorem application, suggested dynamics differences between control subjects and patients. This was confirmed when phase portrait features were quantified and submitted to discriminant analysis (89% of correct classifications; 24/28). Application of a nonlinear dissimilarity measure for comparing pairs gait recordings, defined as a distance between underlying nonlinear autoregressive functions allowed an excellent separation between ALS and controls, via multidimensional scaling. Obtained projection map clearly suggested that ALS traces lay in a narrower dynamical space. This might reflect the known fact about neuronal degeneration accompanying ALS progression. When dissimilarity matrix principal components were introduced as predicting variables, discriminant analysis yielded an 82% of correct classifications (23/28). Overall, our results suggest that a nonlinear identification approach, centered in the characterization of the dynamics of the gait process can bring new insights to gait data interpretation.

El análisis de datos de la marcha, está dando resultados mixtos con respecto a los cambios de locomoción asociados con el desarrollo de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Se ha reivindicado la necesidad de nuevas herramientas de análisis de datos de la marcha. Aplicamos un enfoque de identificación no lineal al estudio de los datos de la marcha de pacientes sanos y con ELA, disponibles en Physionet.org. La auto-regresión no lineal no paramétrica del núcleo, permitió obtener realizaciones libres de ruido (NFR) que imitaban las trazas originales, aunque la correlación entre los datos originales y la NFR correspondiente fue menor entre los pacientes con ELA (p = 0,03), lo que sugiere una mayor contribución de las influencias estocásticas. La inspección visual de los retratos de fase, reconstruidos a partir de NFR mediante la aplicación del teorema de Takens, sugirió diferencias dinámicas entre los sujetos de control y los pacientes. Esto se confirmó cuando se cuantificaron las características del retrato de fase y se sometieron a un análisis discriminante (89 % de clasificaciones correctas; 24/28). La aplicación de una medida de disimilitud no lineal para comparar registros de marcha de pares, definida como una distancia entre funciones auto-regresivas no lineales subyacentes, permitió una excelente separación entre ALS y controles, a través de una escala multidimensional. El mapa de proyección obtenido sugirió claramente que las huellas de ALS se encuentran en un espacio dinámico más estrecho. Esto podría reflejar el hecho conocido sobre la degeneración neuronal que acompaña a la progresión de la ELA. Cuando se introdujeron los componentes principales de la matriz de disimilitud como variables predictoras, el análisis discriminante arrojó un 82% de clasificaciones correctas (23/28). En general, nuestros resultados sugieren que un enfoque de identificación no lineal, centrado en la caracterización de la dinámica del proceso de la marcha, puede aportar nuevos conocimientos a la interpretación de los datos de la marcha.

Review on Applicability of Bioinformatics in Current Research and Database Management

A generation of new science has evolved with the development of bioinformatics and computational biology, which have molecular biology as an integrated part. In the past decade, technological advances have promoted a prominent development in expertise and knowledge in the molecular basis of phenotypes. In Bioinformatics, biological data is evaluated by computational science and processed in a more statistical and meaningful way. It includes the collection classification storage and evaluation of biochemical and organic statistics using computers in particular as implemented in molecular genetics and genomics. Computational Biology and Bioinformatics are emerging branches of science and include the use of techniques and concepts from informatics statistics, mathematics, chemistry, biochemistry, physics and linguistics. Therefore, bioinformatics and computational biology have sought to triumph over many challenges of which a few are listed in this overview. This evaluation intends to provide insight into numerous bioinformatics databases and their uses in the analysis of biological records exploring approaches emerging methodologies strategies tools that can provide scientific meaning to the information generated.

Component analysis of relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness in college students, so as to provide a reference for physical fitness interventions for college students.@*Methods@#A survey was conducted from September 23 to November 12, 2022, involving 342 college students selected from one comprehensive college among Shanghai City, Hubei Province and Zhejiang Province. Accelerometers were used to measure 24 hour movement behavior, and programs specified in the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students (2014 revision) were used to evaluate physical fitness. Compositional linear regression was used to analyze the association between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness. The effects of compositional isotemporal substitution of 24 hour movement behavior on physical fitness were also examined.@*Results@#The geometric means for sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 515.89, 678.88 , 196.30, 48.92 min/d, respectively, and the comprehensive physical fitness score was (73.09±8.55). The proportion of participants who passed the fitness test was 72.51%. Overall, 20.76% had excellent or good scores, whereas 6.73% failed. Compositional linear regression indicated that physical fitness was significantly positively associated with MVPA ( β =2.55) and LPA ( β = 5.88 )( P <0.05), but no significantly associated with sleep ( β =-5.18) and sedentary behavior ( β =-3.24)( P >0.05). Isotemporal substitution indicated that reallocation of 15 minutes from sleep and sedentary behavior to MVPA resulted in a 0.71 and 0.64 point increase in physical fitness, respectively. Similarly, reallocating the same duration to LPA led to a 0.50 and 0.43 point increase in physical fitness, respectively. Dose response analysis revealed that the mutual substitution of LPA with sedentary behavior and sleep had symmetry, whereas the mutual substitution of MVPA with sedentary behavior and sleep had asymmetry. The effectiveness of replacing sleep or sedentary behavior with MVPA in improving physical fitness decreased with increasing allocation time, whereas the adverse effects of replacing MVPA with sleep or sedentary behavior increased with increasing allocation time.@*Conclusion@#In the context of 24 hour movement behavior, increasing the time spent on LPA and MVPA is beneficial for physical fitness among college students. It should be recommend that college students actively transition from sedentary behavior to engaging in physical activity, with a particular emphasis on incorporating MVPA.

Advances in methods and applications of single-cell Hi-C data analysis / 生物医学工程学杂志

Chromatin three-dimensional genome structure plays a key role in cell function and gene regulation. Single-cell Hi-C techniques can capture genomic structure information at the cellular level, which provides an opportunity to study changes in genomic structure between different cell types. Recently, some excellent computational methods have been developed for single-cell Hi-C data analysis. In this paper, the available methods for single-cell Hi-C data analysis were first reviewed, including preprocessing of single-cell Hi-C data, multi-scale structure recognition based on single-cell Hi-C data, bulk-like Hi-C contact matrix generation based on single-cell Hi-C data sets, pseudo-time series analysis, and cell classification. Then the application of single-cell Hi-C data in cell differentiation and structural variation was described. Finally, the future development direction of single-cell Hi-C data analysis was also prospected.

Use of nvivo 10® software in concept analysis study / Uso del software nvivo 10® en el estudio de análisis de conceptos / Uso do software nvivo 10 ® em estudo de análise de conceito

ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the use of software in concept analysis through: 1) considerations made by peers who apply the package in their nursing practices; 2) correlation between the use of the NVivo 10® software and the stages of concept analysis using the Walker & Avant method. Method: this is a theoretical-reflective essay, based on the stages of concept analysis by Walker and Avant, constructed after a bibliographic survey and discussion with peers who apply the methodological framework and data analysis software in their practices. Results: in the results, the stages of the preparation and coding process of the support software are described from the concept analysis. A table is presented with the demonstration, description and understanding of the stages of the methodological reference in the use of the auxiliary software. Conclusion: the use of a concept analysis program can facilitate the organization, visualization and access to research data. Although it does not replace the investigator's work and the relevance of the framework for analysis, it can allow for maximization of process results with benefits for analytical research.

RESUMEN Objetivo: discutir el uso del software en el análisis de conceptos a través de: 1) consideraciones hechas por pares que aplican el programa en sus prácticas de enfermería; 2) correlación entre el uso del software NVivo 10® y las etapas de análisis de concepto utilizando el método Walker & Avant. Método: se trata de un ensayo teórico-reflexivo, basado en las etapas de análisis del concepto de Walker y Avant, construido después de un levantamiento bibliográfico y discusión con pares que aplican el marco metodológico y el software de análisis de datos en sus prácticas. Resultados: los resultados describen las etapas del proceso de elaboración y codificación del software de soporte a partir del análisis de concepto. Se presenta un cuadro con la demostración, descripción y comprensión de las etapas del referente metodológico en el uso del software auxiliar. Conclusión: el uso de un programa de análisis de conceptos puede facilitar la organización, visualización y acceso a los datos de la investigación. Aunque no reemplaza el trabajo del investigador y la relevancia del marco para el análisis, puede permitir la maximización de los resultados del proceso con beneficios para la investigación analítica.

RESUMO Objetivo: discutir sobre o uso de software na análise de conceito por meio de: 1) ponderações realizadas pelos pares que aplicam o programa em suas práticas na Enfermagem; 2) correlação do uso do software NVivo 10® com as etapas da análise de conceito pelo método de Walker & Avant. Método: trata-se de um ensaio teórico-reflexivo, fundamentado nas etapas da análise de conceito de Walker e Avant, construído após levantamento bibliográfico e discussão com pares que aplicam o referencial metodológico e software de análise de dados em suas práticas. Resultados: nos resultados, são descritas as etapas do processo de preparo e codificação do software de apoio a partir da análise de conceito. É apresentado um quadro com a demonstração, descrição e compreensão das etapas do referencial metodológico no uso do software de auxílio. Conclusão: o uso de programa na análise de conceito pode facilitar na organização, visualização e acesso aos dados da investigação. Embora não substitua o trabalho do investigador e a relevância do referencial para análise, pode permitir a maximização dos resultados do processo com benefícios para a pesquisa analítica.

Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica mundial de enfermería sobre la obesidad infantil

Introducción: La obesidad es una forma de desnutrición cuyas cifras se incrementaron de manera alarmante en los últimos años. Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica realizada por profesionales de enfermería sobre la obesidad infantil en los últimos cinco años. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico en la base de datos Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos originales de acceso abierto, realizados por profesionales de la enfermería entre los años 2017 y 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1207 artículos originales; el crecimiento anual fue de 3,7 %; el autor con mayor productividad fue Keith Godfrey de la Universidad de Southampton (n = 23; 1,91 %); se posicionó el Instituto Liggins de la Universidad de Auckland como la institución con más publicaciones (n = 13; 1,08 %) y la revista Nutrientes como la más influyente (n = 223; 18,48 %). El idioma inglés se prefirió para las publicaciones y la mayoría (n = 9) pertenecía al cuartil 1. El artículo más citado fue el de Pietrobelli y otros, publicado en el 2020 con 167,5 citas por año. Los términos más empleados por los investigadores fueron obesidad infantil, obesidad pediátrica, índice de circunferencia de cintura, actividad física y ganancia de peso corporal. Conclusiones: La producción científica de enfermería sobre obesidad infantil se ha incrementado en los últimos años; los autores e instituciones más influyentes se encuentran en Estados Unidos; las revistas más importantes publican en inglés y pertenecen al cuartil 1; los términos más empleados hacen referencia a la obesidad infantil y sus factores predictivos.

Introduction: Obesity is a form of malnutrition whose figures have increased alarmingly in recent years. Objective: To analyze the scientific production carried out by nursing professionals on childhood obesity in the last five years. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was carried out in Scopus database. Original open access articles were included, carried out by nursing professionals from 2017 to 2021. Results: One thousand two hundred seven (1207) original articles were included; the annual growth was 3.7%; the most productive author was Keith Godfrey of the University of Southampton (n = 23; 1.91%). The Liggins Institute at the University of Auckland was ranked as the institution with the most publications (n = 13; 1.08%) and Nutrients journal as the most influential (n = 223; 18.48%). The English language was preferred for the publications and the majority (n = 9) belonged to quartile 1. The most cited article was the one by Pietrobelli et al, published in 2020 with 167.5 citations per year. The terms most used by the researchers were childhood obesity, pediatric obesity, waist circumference index, physical activity and body weight gain. Conclusions: Nursing scientific production on childhood obesity has increased in recent years; the most influential authors and institutions are in the United States; the most important journals publish in English and in quartile 1; the most frequently used terms refer to childhood obesity and its predictive factors.

Modelagem GAMLSS espaçotemporal da incidência de esquistossomose na região central do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Modelado espaciotemporal GAMLSS para la incidencia de esquistosomiasis en la región central del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Spatio-temporal GAMLSS modeling of the incidence of schistosomiasis in the central region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo: No Brasil, milhões de pessoas vivem em áreas de risco para a esquistossomose, uma doença negligenciada, de caráter crônico e com elevada morbidade. O helminto Schistosoma mansoni está presente em todas as macrorregiões, incluindo o Estado de Minas Gerais, um dos mais endêmicos. Por essa razão, a identificação de potenciais focos é fundamental para subsidiar políticas públicas de cunho educativo e profilático no controle desse desfecho. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho consiste em modelar dados de esquistossomose em relação aos aspectos espaciais e temporais, além de avaliar a importância de algumas variáveis exógenas socioeconômicas e a presença das principais espécies de Biomphalaria. Como trabalhar com casos incidentes, uma variável discreta de contagem, exige uma modelagem apropriada, foi escolhida a modelagem GAMLSS por considerar conjuntamente uma distribuição mais adequada à variável resposta devido à inflação de zeros e à heterocedasticidade espacial. Verificaram-se valores elevados de incidência em diversos municípios de 2010 a 2012 e uma tendência de queda até 2020. Também foi identificado que a distribuição da incidência se comporta de maneira diferente no espaço e no tempo. Municípios com barragem apresentaram risco 2,25 vezes maior do que os que não a continham. A presença de B. glabrata foi relacionada ao risco de ocorrência da doença. Por outro lado, a presença de B. straminea refletiu em menor risco de ocorrência da esquistossomose. Conclui-se que o controle e o acompanhamento dos caramujos da B. glabrata podem ser fundamentais para a contenção e a eliminação da esquistossomose e o modelo GAMLSS foi eficaz para tratamento e modelagem de dados espaçotemporais.

Resumen: En Brasil, millones de personas viven en áreas de riesgo de esquistosomiasis, una enfermedad crónica desatendida y con alta morbilidad. El helminto Schistosoma mansoni está presente en todas las macrorregiones, incluido el Estado de Minas Gerais, uno de los más endémicos del país. Por ello, la identificación de potenciales brotes es fundamental para promover políticas públicas de carácter educativo y profiláctico en el control de este desenlace. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es modelar datos sobre esquistosomiasis con respecto a aspectos espaciotemporales, además de evaluar la importancia de algunas variables socioeconómicas exógenas y la presencia de las principales especies de Biomphalaria. Dado que en el trabajo con casos incidentes una variable de conteo discreta requiere un adecuado modelado, se eligió el modelo GAMLSS, ya que en conjunto considera una distribución más adecuada para la variable de respuesta debido a la inflación de ceros y la heterocedasticidad espacial. Se encontraron valores de alta incidencia en varios municipios en el periodo evaluado de 2010 a 2012 y una tendencia a descenso hasta 2020. También se verificó que existe una distribución de incidencia de manera diferente en el espacio y el tiempo. Los municipios con represas presentaban 2,25 veces más riesgo que los que no las tenían. La presencia de B. glabrata estuvo relacionada con el riesgo de la enfermedad. Por otro lado, la presencia de B. straminea ocasionaba un menor riesgo de padecer la enfermedad. Se concluye que el control y seguimiento de caracoles B. glabrata puede ser fundamental para el control y eliminación de la esquistosomiasis y que el modelo GAMLSS resultó ser efectivo para el tratamiento y modelado de datos espaciotemporales.

Abstract: In Brazil, millions of people live in areas with risk of schistosomiasis, a neglected chronic disease with high morbidity. The Schistosoma mansoni helminth is present in all macroregions of Brazil, including the State of Minas Gerais, one of the most endemic states. For this reason, the identification of potential foci is essential to support educational and prophylactic public policies to control this disease. This study aims to model schistosomiasis data based on spatial and temporal aspects and assess the importance of some exogenous socioeconomic variables and the presence of the main Biomphalaria species. Considering that, when working with incident cases, a discrete count variable requires an appropriate modeling, the GAMLSS modeling was chosen since it jointly considers a more appropriate distribution for the response variable due to zero inflation and spatial heteroscedasticity. Several municipalities presented high incidence values from 2010 to 2012, and a downward trend was observed until 2020. We also noticed that the distribution of incidence behaves differently in space and time. Municipalities with dams presented risk 2.25 times higher than municipalities without dams. The presence of B. glabrata was associated with the risk of schistosomiasis. On the other hand, the presence of B. straminea represented a lower risk of the disease. Thus, the control and monitoring of B. glabrata snails is essential to control and eliminate schistosomiasis; and the GAMLSS model was effective in the treatment and modeling of spatio-temporal data.

Speech-language-hearing therapists' perceptions of the characteristics of structured assessment tests proposed by current Chilean regulations / Percepción de los fonoaudiólogos en relación con las características de las pruebas estandarizadas de evaluación propuestas por la normativa vigente en Chile

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the speech-language-hearing therapists' perception of structured tests proposed by the current Chilean regulations to assess and diagnose language in children. Methods: a questionnaire to assess their perception of three tests (the Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language, the revised Phonological Simplification Processes Assessment Test and the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar). Differences were contrasted with the Friedman test, and the post hoc was compared with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Also, the Spearman´s rho coefficient was used to study the correlation between scores, setting the confidence level at 5%. Results: the revised Phonological Simplification Processes Assessment Test obtained the highest mean Likert score in most items assessed, except for the question on excessive application time. A total of 91% of participants reported the need for a digital version of the three structured tests. Lastly, the highest and most significant score correlation occurred between the Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language and the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar. Conclusion: the participants' perceptions of the revised Phonological Simplification Processes Assessment Test are more positive than those of other tests. The participants also believe that the tests should have a digital version.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la percepción de los fonoaudiólogos respecto a las pruebas estructuradas propuestas por la normativa vigente en Chile utilizadas para la evaluación y diagnóstico del lenguaje infantil. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de las tres pruebas (Test de comprensión auditiva del lenguaje, Test para evaluar procesos de simplificación fonológica y Screening Test of Spanish Grammar) y contrastar sus diferencias con el test de Friedman y para comparar el post hoc se utilizó el test suma de rango de Wilcoxon. Además, se estudió la correlación de las puntuaciones con el coeficiente Rho de Spearman con nivel de confianza prefijado del 5%. Resultados: la puntuación Likert promedio más alta la obtuvo la prueba Test para evaluar procesos de simplificación fonológica revisado en la mayoría de los ítems evaluados, excepto en la pregunta relacionada al tiempo excesivo de aplicación. El 91% de los participantes expresan la necesidad de contar con una versión digital en las tres pruebas estructuradas. Finalmente, la correlación de las puntuaciones es más alta y significativa entre las pruebas: Test de comprensión auditiva del lenguaje y Screening Test of Spanish Grammar. Conclusión: la percepción de los participantes es más positiva en el Test para evaluar procesos de simplificación fonológica revisado, respecto a las otras pruebas. Finalmente, opinan que las pruebas deben ser digitalizadas.

Application analysis of digital neural network-based data mining method in maximizing the performance of sports training / Análise de aplicação do método de mineração de dados baseado em rede neural digital na maximização do desempenho do treinamento esportivo / Análisis de la aplicación del método de minería de datos basado en redes neuronales digitales para maximizar el rendimiento del entrenamiento deportivo

ABSTRACT Introduction: In today's rapid development of science and technology, digital network data mining technology is developing as fast as the expansion of the frontiers of science and technology allows, with a very broad application level, covering most of the civilized environment. However, there is still much to explore in the application of sports training. Objective: Analyze the feasibility of data mining based on the digital network of sports training, maximizing athletes' training. Methods: This paper uses the experimental analysis of human FFT, combined with BP artificial intelligence network and deep data mining technology, to design a new sports training environment. The controlled test of this model was designed to compare advanced athletic training modalities with traditional modalities, comparing the athletes' explosive power, endurance, and fitness. Results: After 30 days of physical training, the athletic strength of athletes with advanced fitness increased by 15.33%, endurance increased by 15.85%, and fitness increased by 14.23%. Conclusion: The algorithm designed in this paper positively impacts maximizing athletes' training. It may have a favorable impact on training outcomes, as well as increase the athlete's interest in the sport. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: No rápido desenvolvimento atual de ciência e tecnologia, a tecnologia de mineração de dados de rede digital desenvolve-se tão rápido quanto a expansão das fronteiras da ciência e tecnologia permitem, com um nível de aplicação muito amplo, cobrindo a maior parte do ambiente civilizado. No entanto, ainda há muito para explorar da aplicação no treinamento esportivo. Objetivo: Análise de viabilidade da mineração de dados com base na rede digital da formação esportiva, maximizar o treinamento dos atletas. Métodos: Este trabalho utiliza a análise experimental da FFT humana, combinada com a rede de inteligência artificial da BP e tecnologia de mineração profunda de dados, para projetar um novo ambiente de treinamento esportivo. O teste controlado deste modelo foi projetado para comparar modalidades avançadas de treinamento atlético com as modalidades tradicionais, comparando o poder explosivo, resistência e condição física do atleta. Resultados: Após 30 dias de treinamento físico, a força atlética dos esportistas com aptidão física avançada aumentou 15,33%, a resistência aumentou 15,85%, e o condicionamento físico aumentou 14,23%. Conclusão: O algoritmo desenhado neste artigo tem um impacto positivo na maximização do treinamento dos atletas. Pode ter um impacto favorável nos resultados do treinamento, bem como aumentar o interesse do atleta pelo esporte. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: En el rápido desarrollo actual de la ciencia y la tecnología, la tecnología de extracción de datos de redes digitales se desarrolla tan rápido como lo permiten las fronteras en expansión de la ciencia y la tecnología, con un nivel de aplicación muy amplio que abarca la mayor parte del entorno civilizado. Sin embargo, aún queda mucho por explorar de la aplicación en el entrenamiento deportivo. Objetivo: Análisis de viabilidad de la minería de datos basada en la red digital de entrenamiento deportivo, maximizar la formación de los atletas. Métodos: Este trabajo utiliza el análisis experimental de la FFT humana, combinado con la red de inteligencia artificial BP y la tecnología de minería de datos profunda, para diseñar un nuevo entorno de entrenamiento deportivo. La prueba controlada de este modelo se diseñó para comparar las modalidades de entrenamiento atlético avanzado con las modalidades tradicionales, comparando la potencia explosiva, la resistencia y la forma física del atleta. Resultados: Después de 30 días de entrenamiento físico, la fuerza atlética de los atletas con un estado físico avanzado aumentó en un 15,33%, la resistencia aumentó en un 15,85% y el estado físico aumentó en un 14,23%. Conclusión: El algoritmo diseñado en este trabajo tiene un impacto positivo en la maximización del entrenamiento de los atletas. Puede tener un impacto favorable en los resultados del entrenamiento, así como aumentar el interés del atleta por el deporte. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The Data Generation Mechanism: Relationship Between Constructs and Their Indicators / O Mecanismo de Geração de Dados: Relação entre Construtos e seus Indicadores

Abstract The choice of statistical data analysis should be guided by a critical analysis that supports the theoretical relationship between the construct and its indicators. This theoretical article reviews the three main existing psychometric paradigms and their proposals for explaining the relationship between indicators and their constructs. The discussion begins with the standard paradigm that guides the construction and analysis of data in psychology, reflective model. Then, a description of the formative models is performed and finally the Network Analysis as an alternative. The definitions, consequences, and limitations of the use of each measurement model are presented such as a reflection on making decisions about which data generation mechanisms are more appropriate.

Resumo A escolha da análise estatística de dados deveria ser guiada por uma análise crítica que fundamenta a relação teórica entre construto e seus indicadores. Este teórico artigo faz uma revisão dos três principais paradigmas psicométricos e suas propostas de explicação da relação entre os indicadores e seus construtos. A discussão é iniciada com o paradigma padrão que guia a construção e análise de dados na psicologia, os modelos reflexivos. Em seguida, é realizada uma descrição dos modelos formativos e, por fim, a proposta da Análise de Redes como alternativa. São apresentadas as definições, consequências e limitações do uso de cada modelo de medida, bem como uma reflexão na tomada de decisão sobre quais mecanismos de geração de dados são mais apropriados.

"Tabela falante" como estratégia de integração de dados em uma pesquisa de métodos mistos / "Tabla parlante" como estrategia de integración de datos en una investigación de métodos mixtos / "Talking table" as a data integration strategy in mixed methods research

RESUMO Objetivo relatar a utilização da tabela falante como estratégia de integração e análise de dados em estudo de abordagem mista. Método trata-se de um relato de utilização de uma estratégia metodológica de integração e análise dos dados em pesquisa de método misto. São apresentados dados de um estudo longitudinal analítico, que acompanhou 151 lactentes prematuros no primeiro ano de vida. O estudo abordou aspectos das condições de saúde dessa população e integrou dados quantitativos, coletados por meio de instrumento de avaliação de condições de saúde e dados qualitativos oriundos de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados a integração dos dados em estudos mistos é uma exigência metodológica que requer dos pesquisadores a utilização de estratégias que possibilitem e facilitem esse processo analítico. A tabela falante, por meio da integração visual dos dados quantitativos expressos em tabelas e suas convergências e divergências analíticas com os enunciados qualitativos, favorece a leitura e interpretação integrada. Conclusão e implicações para a prática considera-se a tabela falante uma ferramenta analítica de integração de dados quantitativos e qualitativos que contribui na formulação de metainferências em pesquisas com métodos mistos.

RESUMEN Objetivo relatar el uso de la mesa parlante como estrategia de análisis e integración de datos en un estudio de enfoque mixto. Método este es un informe sobre el uso de una estrategia metodológica para la integración y el análisis de datos en la investigación de método mixto. Se presentan los datos de un estudio longitudinal analítico que siguió a 151 bebés prematuros en el primer año de vida. Nuestro estudio abordó aspectos de las condiciones de salud de esta población e integró datos cuantitativos, recolectados a través de un instrumento para evaluar las condiciones de salud y datos cualitativos de una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados la integración de datos en estudios mixtos es un requisito metodológico que obliga a los investigadores a utilizar estrategias que habiliten y faciliten este proceso analítico. La mesa parlante, a través de la integración visual de datos cuantitativos expresados en tablas y sus convergencias y divergencias analíticas con enunciados cualitativos, favorece la lectura e interpretación integradas. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: la mesa de diálogo es considerada como una herramienta analítica para la integración de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos que contribuyen a la formulación de meta-inferencias en investigaciones con métodos mixtos.

ABSTRACT Objective to report the use of a talking table as a data analysis and integration strategy in a mixed approach study. Method this is a report on the use of a methodological strategy for data integration and analysis in mixed methods research. Data from an analytical longitudinal study that followed 151 preterm infants in the first year of life are presented. The study addressed aspects of the health conditions of this population and integrated quantitative data, collected through an instrument to assess health conditions and qualitative data from a semi-structured interview. Results data integration in mixed studies is a methodological requirement that requires researchers to use strategies that enable and facilitate this analytical process. A talking table, through the visual integration of quantitative data expressed in tables and their analytical convergences and divergences with qualitative statements, favors integrated reading and interpretation. Conclusion and implications for practice: a talking table is considered an analytical tool for quantitative and qualitative data integration, which contribute to developing meta-inferences in mixed methods research.

Reflections on Analysis in Qualitative Research: The Hermeneutic Circle in Ricoeur / Reflexões sobre a Análise em Pesquisas Qualitativas: o Círculo Hermenêutico em Ricoeur / Reflexiones sobre el Análisis en la Investigación Cualitativa: el Círculo Hermenéutico en Ricoeur

Abstract Faced with the challenges that qualitative research poses to psychology, our aim, from Paul Ricoeur's perspective, in addition to explaining what we do when we analyze, is to highlight the role of analysis in the interpretative process in qualitative research, with its potential to constitute a critical instance. This is a theoretical study whose relevance lies in recognizing the need for criticism which, as part of the process of interpretation, offers protection against arbitrary readings. In this process, the role of analysis stands out through which the researcher, from an ethical stance, approaches the constitution of subjectivity in midst of a polysemic otherness to avoid interpretations that can obliterate what is possible and perpetuate violence. Beyond the method, analysis puts distance at the heart of the experience of belonging and allows us, through critical reflection, to move on from the sedimentation of meanings offered by tradition.

Resumo Frente aos desafios que a pesquisa qualitativa coloca à psicologia, temos por objetivo, da perspectiva de Paul Ricoeur, além de explicitar o que fazemos ao analisar, destacar o papel da análise no processo interpretativo em pesquisas qualitativas, com seu potencial de constituir-se como uma instância crítica. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, cuja relevância reside em reconhecer a necessidade da crítica que, inserida no processo de interpretação, oferece uma proteção contra leituras arbitrárias. Nesse processo, destaca-se o papel da análise, pela qual o pesquisador, a partir de uma postura ética, aborda a constituição da subjetividade em meio a uma alteridade polissêmica, para evitar interpretações que podem obturar o possível e perpetuar a violência. Para além do método, a análise insere o distanciamento no coração da experiência de pertencimento e permite, por meio da reflexão crítica, movimentar a sedimentação de significados oferecidos pela tradição.

Resumen Frente a los desafíos que la investigación cualitativa plantea a la psicología, nuestro objetivo, desde la perspectiva de Paul Ricoeur, además de explicar lo que hacemos cuando analizamos, es resaltar el papel del análisis en el proceso interpretativo en la investigación cualitativa, con su potencial para constituirse como una instancia crítica. Se trata de un estudio teórico, cuya relevancia radica en reconocer la necesidad de la crítica que, como parte del proceso de interpretación, ofrece una protección contra las lecturas arbitrarias. En este proceso, se destaca el papel del análisis, a través del cual el investigador, desde una postura ética, se aproxima a la constitución de la subjetividad en medio de una alteridad polisémica, para evitar interpretaciones que puedan bloquear lo posible y perpetuar la violencia. Más allá del método, el análisis pone a distancia en el centro de la experiencia de pertenencia y nos permite, a través de la reflexión crítica, salir de la sedimentación de significados que ofrece la tradición.

Construction and application of inflammatory bowel disease cohort database / 胃肠病学

Under the organization of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, a specialized disease database of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort was deployed, and a brief introduction of the database was made in this article. The IBD data set was established by referring to domestic and foreign standards. Through data extraction, cleaning, normalization and other information processing technologies, data from multi‑source heterogeneous platform were arranged to form a specialized major disease database of IBD cohort and the efficiency and quality of data collection in clinical practice, teaching and scientific research were guaranteed. The display and personalized export capacities of the database can promote the researches on IBD and assist the clinical decision‑making. It provides not only efficient, comprehensive and reliable research‑level data support for scientific research, but also a precise guidance for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Furthermore, it can excavate the potential clinical principles based on medical big data.

Mechanism of Polygonum capitatum in treatment of Helicobacter Pylori associated gastritis by network pharmacology, microarray data analysis and molecular docking / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of Polygonum capitatum(PC)in the treatment of Helicobacter Pylori associated gastritis(HAG). Methods The databases were used to identify the target of PC active compounds and HAG-related genes,and the intersection was taken to obtain the potential targets of PC treatment of HAG. The interaction network diagram of “drug-active compound-target-disease” and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of potential target protein interaction in HAG treated by PC were constructed by software Cytoscape 3.6.0. The important nodes in the network were screened by several topological indexes,and the GO and KEGG enrichment were analyzed by STRING database to obtain the potential signaling pathway of PC in the treatment of HAG. The binding ability of PC active components with key target proteins was observed by molecular docking method. On this basis,the related targets of PC in the treatment of HAG were verified in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results The PC active compounds and targets were identified through the database,and the “drug-active compound-target-disease” network diagram and the PPI network of potential target proteins were constructed. Combined with several topological indexes,the PPI network of potential target-protein interaction was analyzed,and 52 hub genes were screened. Further bioinformatics analysis and high-throughput sequencing revealed that PC exerted an effect on HAG through the Akt/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Based on this,it was found that PC could reduce IL-18 and IL-1β in HAG GES-1 cells and HAG SD rats,up-regulate Akt and its phosphorylation level and reduce NF-κB expression,inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory body,so as to improve HAG inflammatory response. Conclusions PC could exert a therapeutic effect on HAG by activating Akt and its phosphorylation level,and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome related factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for explaining the mechanism of PC in the treatment of HAG.

The best practice for microbiome analysis using R

With the gradual maturity of sequencing technology, many microbiome studies have published, driving the emergence and advance of related analysis tools. R language is the widely used platform for microbiome data analysis for powerful functions. However, tens of thousands of R packages and numerous similar analysis tools have brought major challenges for many researchers to explore microbiome data. How to choose suitable, efficient, convenient, and easy-to-learn tools from the numerous R packages has become a problem for many microbiome researchers. We have organized 324 common R packages for microbiome analysis and classified them according to application categories (diversity, difference, biomarker, correlation and network, functional prediction, and others), which could help researchers quickly find relevant R packages for microbiome analysis. Furthermore, we systematically sorted the integrated R packages (phyloseq, microbiome, MicrobiomeAnalystR, Animalcules, microeco, and amplicon) for microbiome analysis, and summarized the advantages and limitations, which will help researchers choose the appropriate tools. Finally, we thoroughly reviewed the R packages for microbiome analysis, summarized most of the common analysis content in the microbiome, and formed the most suitable pipeline for microbiome analysis. This paper is accompanied by hundreds of examples with 10,000 lines codes in GitHub, which can help beginners to learn, also help analysts compare and test different tools. This paper systematically sorts the application of R in microbiome, providing an important theoretical basis and practical reference for the development of better microbiome tools in the future. All the code is available at GitHub github.com/taowenmicro/EasyMicrobiomeR.

Relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and obesity indicators in children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The method of compositional data analysis was used to explore the relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and obesity indicators, and to examine the difference of quantitative effect on obesity indicators when one behavior replaced another behavior, so as to provide specific movement behavior advice for weight control in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#In June 2021, 231 students from eight classes in a primary school and a middle school in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province were voluntarily recruited by using random cluster sampling. ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to measure 24 hour movement behavior and Inbody J20 body composition analyzer was used to measure body composition. The relationship between each component and obesity indicators was analyzed by compositional multivariate linear regression model. In addition, 30 minutes of one behavior was used to replace another behavior to predict the effect difference of the outcomes.@*Results@#After adjusting for covariates such as height, weight, age, and sex, compared with time spent in sedentary behavior(SB), sleep (SLP) and light physical activity (LPA), time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was positively correlated with fat free mass index (FFMI) ( β= 0.40, P ＜0.05), negatively correlated with waist circumference (WC) ( β=-2.50, P ＜0.05) and waist hip ratio (WHR) ( β= -0.04 , P ＜0.05). Compared with SB, SLP and MVPA, time spent on LPA was positively correlated with WHR ( β=0.06, P < 0.05 ). If MVPA of 30 min/d replaces SLP, SB, and LPA respectively, WC and WHR decrease 1.10,1.10,1.34 cm and 0.02, 0.02 ,0.02 respectively, and FFMI increases 0.19,0.19,0.15 kg/m 2 respectively.@*Conclusion@#In 24 h movement behavior, with consistent level of sedentary behavior, sleep or low intensity movement behavior, maintaining a high level of MVPA and replacing sedentary with active activities are crucial for optimal abdominal fat and fat free mass in children and adolescents.