SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTIVE DYES BASED ON 4-AMINO-N-(5-METHYLISOXAZOL-3-YL)-BENZENESULFONAMIDE AND THEIR DYEING APPLICATION ON VARIOUS FIBRES.

A new series of cold brand reactive dyes (D1 to D12) were synthesized by the coupling of diazotized 4-Amino-N-(5- methylisoxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide with various cyanurated coupling components in good yield. These reactive dyes were confirmed by 1H NMR analysis and FTIR. The synthesized dyes have been applied to cotton, silk, and wool fibres. They exhibited a variety of color shades with good dept and informality on the fibres. % Exhaustion and % fixation of dyes were determined by using Glauber salt as a fixing agent at various temperature conditions.

Protective effects of the total bakkenolides from Petasites tricholobus on hypoxia mice under normobaric pressure / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus on improving hypoxia tolerance in mice. Methods Mice normobaric pressure hypoxia model and oxygen glucose deprivation model in PC12 cells were established, and the effects of PTB on survival time, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, brain and heart superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, brain tissue pathological changes and cell survival were observed. Results The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus had prolonged the survival time of mice in confined spaces, increased the activity of SOD and GSH, reduced the production of lipid peroxidation, decreased the degree of anaerobic glycolysis, protected the structure and function of neural cells, and improved the survival rate of OGD-treated cells. Conclusion The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus could promote the hypoxia tolerance in mice which might be related to scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation reaction and protecting the structures and functions of nerve cells.

Extraction of metabolites from Calendula officinalis and evaluation of their colorant and antibacterial capacity / Extracción de metabolitos a partir de Calendula officinalis y evaluación de su capacidad colorante y antibacterial

ABSTRACT In this work, different bioactive compounds were obtained by different extractions from Calendula officinalis. The effect of different extraction time and temperature on the quantity of bioactive compounds was investigated. The extracts were quantified by UV-visible spectrometric analysis. The effect of extraction technique on both the colorant power and antibacterial capacity of metabolites obtained was evaluated. Colorant power was evaluated by UV-visible spectrometric and dyeing ability in dairy product. Antibacterial activity of extracts was evaluated using Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by diffusion technique in well. Outstanding extraction results were obtained by ultrasound extraction technique performed during 2 hours, at 30 °C and ethanol 96% as solvent. The same treatment showed the best result in colorant power and dyeing ability. The extracts obtained by ultrasound had a slightly inhibitory effect of growth on E. coli in comparison with the other techniques. None of the extracts obtained from the different techniques reported a significant inhibition on the growth of S. typhimurium. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted extraction is considered as an alternative process for obtaining the bioactive compounds from C. officinalis with high concentration, colorant power and antibacterial activity.

RESUMEN En este trabajo, diferentes compuestos bioactivos fueron obtenidos a partir de extracciones de las flores de Caléndula officinalis. Se investigó el efecto que tiene el tiempo de extracción y la temperatura sobre la cantidad de compuestos bioactivos. Los extractos obtenidos fueron cuantificados mediante espectrofotometría UV-visible. Se evaluó el efecto de la técnica de extracción sobre el poder colorante y la capacidad antibacterial de los metabolitos obtenidos. El poder colorante se evaluó mediante espectrofotometría UV-visible y la capacidad de teñido se evaluó en un producto lácteo. La actividad antibacterial de los extractos fue evaluada usando Escherichia coli y Salmonella typhimurium mediante la técnica de difusión en pocillos. Se obtuvieron buenas cantidades de metabolitos evaluados mediante la técnica por ultrasonido realizada durante 2 horas, a 30 °C, con etanol a una concentración de 96%. El mismo tratamiento mostro los mejores resultados en cuanto al poder colorante y la capacidad de teñido en una matriz láctea. Los extractos obtenidos por ultrasonido tuvieron un ligero efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento sobre E. coli en comparación con las otras técnicas. Ninguno de los extractos obtenidos mediante las diferentes técnicas mostró una inhibición significativa en el crecimiento de S. typhimurium. Por lo tanto, la extracción asistida por ultrasonido se considera como un proceso alternativo para obtener los compuestos bioactivos de C. officinalis con alta concentración, poder colorante y actividad antibacteriana.

Determination of common dyes in dyed safflower by near infrared spectroscopy / 中国中药杂志

Because the red and bright color of corolla is the main indicator for the quality assessment of good safflower,the dyed safflower is sometimes found at the herbal market,what is influence on this herb quality and efficacy. A total of 127 safflower samples was therefore collected from different cultivating areas and herbal markets in China to develop a rapid method to identify the dyed safflower. Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with characteristic identification,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares regression analysis(PLS) were employed to differentiate safflower from dyed safflower samples,and further quantify the levels of the 6 dyes,i.e. tartrazine,carmine,sunset yellow,azorubine,acid red 73 and orange Ⅱ in the dyed safflower. The results indicated that the 50 safflower samples and 77 dyed safflower samples were located at different regions in PCA cluster diagram by NIR spectra. Tartrazine,carmineand and sunset yellow were found in the 77 dyed safflower samples with the amounts of 0. 60-3. 66,0. 11-1. 37,0. 10-0. 71 mg·g-1,respectively. It indicated that the three dyes were the common and main dyes in the dyed safflower. However,azorubine,acid red 73 and orange Ⅱ were not detected in all herb samples. A total of 62 dyed safflower samples were chosen as calibration samples to develop the model for estimating the amount of dyes in dyed safflower. The estimating accuracy was verified by another 15 dyed safflower samples. The values of tartrazine,carmine and sunset yellow in dyed safflower samples were compared between the NIRS and HPLC methods. Each value of mean absolute difference(MAD) was less than 5%. The correlation coefficients of tartrazine,carmineand and sunset yellow were 0. 970,0. 975,0. 971,respectively. It indicated the data quantified by NIRS and HPLC were consistence. It is concluded that NIRS can not only differentiate safflower from dyed safflower,but also quantify the amount of the dyes. NIRS is suitable for rapidly identify the quality of safflower.

Discussion on Quality Status of TCM Raw Powder Preparations Based on National Post-market Drug Surveillance in 2018 / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the quality status of TCM raw powder preparations based on TCM raw powder preparation special project of national post-market drug surveillance in 2018. METHODS: The statutory standards of seven TCM raw powder preparations, including Qingwei Huanglian pills, Jianpi pills, Qipi pills, Shangqing pills, Renshen Guipi pills, Yimu pills and Niuhuang Qingwei pills, were analyzed. The test methods for adulteration, dyeing, sulfur dioxide, pesticide residues, aflatoxins, heavy metals and harmful elements and irradiation were established to reveal the safety risk. Whole-ingredient identification methods were developed to evaluate the authenticity of the drug. RESULTS: The statutory standards of the TCM raw powder preparations tested in national post market surveillance in 2018 are simple and inadequate to comprehensively control the quality of the drugs. Unqualified feeding, adulteration, and contamination with Pb, As and Hg were the main problems currently. Dyeing, aflatoxins and pesticide residues were found in very few samples. Contamination risk of sulfur dioxide was low in TCM raw powder preparations. Most manufacturers adopted irradiation for sterilization. CONCLUSION: The standards of TCM raw powder preparations should be improved to realize whole-ingredient identification. And heavy metals and harmful elements should be investigated. The manufacturers should enhance quality control of the raw material and pay attention to the risk of adulteration and harmful residues. Special project of national post-market surveillance can reveal common problems of similar drugs, which is a powerful measure for drug regulation.

Levels of Liver Markers in Textile Processing and Dyeing Industry Workers

Background: The textile dyeing industries has been condemned as being one of the world’s most offenders in terms of pollution. The workers from textile processing and dyeing industry are exposed to various processing chemicals, dyes and different pollutant for long term which may causing hazardous effects on various organs like particularly lung, liver, kidney have become important issue and less data available which explain the effects of these chemicals on biochemical parameters. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the levels of Liver function markers in textile processing and dyeing industry and healthy controls. Materials & Methods: In this study, 95 subjects working in textile processing and dyeing industry more than 5 years and 95 healthy controls of both gender matching in age and sex were included. The analysis of biochemical parameters was done by using standard grade reagents and chemicals. Serum Bilirubin, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT/AST), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT/ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Protein, Albumin, were assayed by autoanalyzer using diagnostic reagent kit. Results: In the present study Mean of serum bilirubin, SGOT, serum SGPT and alkaline phosphatase is more in Textile processing and dyeing  industry workers than controls. There was no significant change in mean difference of serum proteins, serum albumin and serum globulin (P > 0.05) but highly significant change seen in serum albumin (P = 000) as compared to control. Conclusion: Significant changes were observed for various parameters like serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, serum proteins are associated with the increased risk of dysfunction of the liver among the textile processing and dyeing industry workers. Increased awareness and early diagnosis of the exposure to toxic substances in textile processing and dyeing industries are essential for performing prompt management, improving clinical outcomes.

Clinicopathological Analysis of Pigmented Contact Dermatitis Caused by Henna Dyeing / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Henna is a natural dye derived from the leaves of the tree Lawsonia inermis known for its very low allergic properties. Recently, however, cases of pigmented contact dermatitis after henna dyeing have been increasing. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and histologic features of pigmented contact dermatitis caused by henna dyeing. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histopathologic features of patients diagnosed with pigmented contact dermatitis after henna dyeing from June 2014 to August 2017. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with a history of henna dyeing were included. All patients were female, and mean age was 58.9±8.2 years. They presented with rapidly spreading dark brownish patches located mostly adjacent to the hairline, such as at the forehead, temple, and lateral cheek. The mean duration between symptom onset and henna dyeing was 4.52 months (0~15). Standard patch test and as is test using henna showed no significant results. There were 18 patients with pruritus, which was only present at the early stage. Histopathologic examinations showed lichenoid inflammation with dermal melanin incontinence, vacuolar alteration, epidermal apoptotic cells, and perivascular inflammation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pigmented contact dermatitis observed after henna dyeing was caused by the toxicity of henna itself, not by other additives. The active ingredient of henna is lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), which may have induced pigmented contact dermatitis by its own cellular toxicity. Dermatologists should consider henna dyeing as a potential cause of pigmentation of the face and neck.

Research on Evaluating Method of Location of Dyeing Materials for Color Contact Lenses / 中国医疗器械杂志

Combining frozen section and scanning electron microscopy experiments to observe the cross section and surface state of the samples, this study finds an effective method to evaluate the location of dyeing materials of color contact lenses. Sixty samples were evaluated on their dyeing location statistically using this method. The results showed that there were only 7 lots of samples with their dyeing materials within their product. This method is effective in evaluating the location of dyeing materials for color contact lenses.

TLC-SERS for detection of the dyed Croci Stigma / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a thin layer chromatography-surface-enhanced Raman scattering(TLC-SERS) method for the detection of dyed Croci Stigma.Method The dyed Croci Stigma was wetted by ethanol and pressed on TLC plate sprayed with Silver sol.The pressed zone was immediately detected by a portable Raman spectrometer.Factors including the concentration of ethanol, spraying time and amount of silver sol were investigated and optimized.Results The dyed Croci Stigma, stained by auramine O, new fuchsin, tartrazine and brilliant ponceau were successfully detected using the established method.Conclusion The combination of TLC and SERS technology provides a rapid, simple and sensitive detection method which is suitable for quick field tests.

Use of morphology inspection methodology in the myocardial tissue samples / 解剖学报

Objective: To investigate the use of morphology inspection methods in myocardial diseases, and to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Myocardial tissues were staining by phosphotungstic aci hematoxylin(PTAH), Masson, elastic fiber tissue (ET) + Van Gienson(VG), Congo red, Schiff periodic acid shiff(PAS), and Cram staining methods. Immunehistochemical method, and transmission microscopy had also been applied to study the myocardial tissue. Results: HE staining differentiation of myocardial tissue was not well; Masson trichromatic staining differentiation of myocardial cells and collagen fibers had clear distinction; ET + VG staining method was able to distinguish among elastic fibers, collagen fibers, fibers and amyloid; Congo red stain was mainly used in the detection of amyloidosis, the PAS reaction assisted in the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease. Immunohistochemical technology was an useful tool in disease model study and diagnosis of the cardiac disease. Electron microscopic observation of the ultrastructure was an important means of etiological diagnosis. Conclusion: For myocardial tissue samples, a combination of morphology methods of the histology, subcellular and molecular can get a better observation.

Determination of Dyeing Wastewater by Snapshot Imaging Spectrometer / 分析化学

A rapid detection method for dyeing wastewater by snapshot imaging spectrometer was developed. The simulated dyeing wastewater solution of a single component and mixed components was prepared and the experimental conditions were optimized. The white LED array was used as the detection light source and the image of the sample was collected by the imaging spectrometer developed in the laboratory to obtain the spectral information of the sample in the range of 400-800 nm. The standard curve between the absorbance and the concentration of the samples was established. The linear range of a single component of Rhodamine B or Orange G was 1-50 mg / L, the linear correlation coefficients was more than 0. 99, the recoveries were 93% -114% and the relative standard deviations ( RSD) were 7. 5% and 1. 3% . The correlation coefficients between predicted concentration and reference concentration reached 0. 999 in the detection of mixed component by using the multiple linear regression model, and the relative errors of 3 predicted samples were reduced. The rapid, accurate and precise method showed an excellent promise for on-site and emergency detection of dyeing wastewater.

Production and application of improvement of dyeing on syphilis quality control material / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective The color of the syphilis quality control material adopted by most detection institutes was the same with the detected serum sample and they were all colorless,transparent or light yellow.There were cases of wrong adding,missing adding or insufficient adding due to the color of quality control materials which was hard to distinguish with naked eyes.To avoid this phenomenon,a new method was established for the distinction of quality control materials.Methods A new method of syphilis quality control materials that had been improved three concentrations control materials:0.125,0.250 and 0.500 NCU/mL.The syphilis diagnostic kit that was created by Shanghai Kehua and Xiamen Yingke was adopted to conduct detection and compare results.Results The difference between stained quality control material and unstained quality control materials had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Two different reagents were used to detect quality control materials of different concentration for 20 times and the CV were 11.7 ％-13.4％ and 9.3 ％-12.9 ％ respectively.Two different reagents were used to detect quality control materials of different concentration for 30 days and the CV range were 10.1 ％-13.4 ％ and 8.08 ％-12.8 ％.Conclusion Citric yellow staining does not influence the properties of syphilis control materials and it can be used stably for a long time.It is suitable for clinical lab application and promotion.

Improving Dye ability and antimicrobial properties of Cotton Fabric.

To improve the dyeability and antimicrobial activity of cotton, the cotton was treated. Firstly, Carboxymethylation was carried out in the cotton fibers to form alkali cellulose. Due to carboxymethylation, the alkali cellulose modifies the crystalline structure of cellulose and increases the accessibility of fibers to chemicals by swelling. Secondly, it padded in a solution content (5 % nano zinc oxide, 4% citric acid) or (6 % titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid) or in a solution of 5 % nano zinc oxide, 6 % titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid or in a solution of 7% nano zinic oxide, 7% titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid, at wet pick up of ca 100%, then dried at 85 °C for 5 min., and cured at 100 °C for 3 min, the latter, we use these fabric in dyeing with synthesized acid dye and commercial basic dye finally, we measure antimicrobial activity for these fabric toward Gram negative and Gram positive.

Quality Study on Cinnabar-analysis of Dyeing Status for Cinnabar / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the dyeing status of cinnabar and its pieces,and provide reference for its quality clinical safetey appicaton. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualitative identification of amaranth,carmine,erythrosine,acid red 73, 808 udan and indirubin. HPLC-MS was used to detect the 808 udan :HPLC conditions were as follows,column was Acquity UPLC BEH C18 with mobile phase of cetonitrile-0.1% formic acid(70∶30,V/V)at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min,the detection wave-length was 520 nm;MS conditions were as follows,ion source was electrospray ionization source,scanning mode was positive ion scanning with full scanning tandem mass spectrometry,nebulizer pressure was 30 psi,drying gas was nitrogen,ion spray voltage was 4 000 V,collision energy was 30 V,and the injection volume was 5 μl. The volumetric method was used for content determi-nation of HgS. RESULTS:TLC spots of amaranth,carmine,erythrosine,acid red 73,808 udan and indirubin were clear and well-separated. 4 batches of 808 udan dyeing were included in the 18 batches of samples,6 batches had non-compliance contents (including 3 batches of 808 udan dyeing). CONCLUSIONS:Dyeing-doped and other quality problems exist in the cinnabaris in markets,which should be noticed.

Comparative studies by different dyeing methods on antiserum preparation against hemorrhagins from Agkistrodon acutus venom / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:In order to look for a good method for preparation of hemorrhagin antiserum. Methods: Three kinds of hemorrhagins including AaH Ⅰ, AaH Ⅱ, and AaH Ⅳ were purified from Agkistrodon acutus venom according to predecessors's methods and crude AaH Ⅰ, AaH Ⅱ and AaH Ⅳ were obtained. Preparation electrophoresis was used to purify AaH Ⅰ,AaH Ⅱand AaH Ⅳ further. As for an hemorrhagin, six different dyeing methods were used to dye PAGE gel and the gel contained hemorrhagin was obtained respectively. The ground gel contained hemorrhagin was used to immune mice and its antiserum was obtained. Antiserums quality was tested through ELISA test and neutralization of the hemorrhagic activities of corresponding hemorrhagin. Results:Effective IgG concentration in different antiserum was different and effective IgG made through non toxic type protein fast stain reagent kit was higher than others. Conclusion:Non toxic type protein fast stain reagent kit is the best dyeing method among the six dyeing methods.

Combination of fluorescence staining and dye dyeing for mapping sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate intraoperative tracing of sentinel lymph node(SLN) by fluorescence staining combined with dye dyeing.Methods A total of 174 patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into three groups : the group A with 57 patients receiving methylene blue (MB), the group B with 58 patients receiving indocyanine green(ICG) as the lymphatic mapping tracers,the group C with 59 patients receiving MB and ICG.The sentinel and axillary lymph node of level Ⅱ, Ⅲ was excised, followed by conventional histopathology.Results There was no significant difference among the three groups in the term of visualized detection rate (x2=2.96, P =0.241).There was statistical significant difference among three groups in the term of detected lymph nodes(F=15.34, P＜0.05).Comparing with the three groups, the number of detected lymph nodes of A and B group had no significant differences(P=0.07) ,the number of detected lymph nodes of C was higher than that of A and B group, and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).There was statistical significant difference among three groups in the term of SLN positive rate (x2 =6.75, P =0.039), and there was no significant difference among A and B group(P=0.915) ,SLN positive rate of C group was higher than than A and B group, and the difference was statistical significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Intraoperative tracing of SLN by fluorescence staining combined with dye dyeing has the skin and subcutaneous reveal advantage.The use of ICG fluorescence and MB increases lymph node detection rate.

Ultrasound-guided methylene blue dyeing liver segmental resection for hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate ultrasound-guided methylene blue dyeing for radical liver segmental resection.Methods Liver segmental resection with uhrasound-guide methylene blue dyeing (UMD-SR) was performed in 16 cases, results were compared with 16 conventional liver segmental resection (CSR) retrospectively.Results All the operations under uhrasound-guided methylene blue dyeing were successfully carried out, among them, reverse dyeing was used in cases with segment Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅷ resection.The blood loss in UMD-SR group was much less than CSR group(t =3.011 ,P =0.009) , at the cost of a longer operation time (t =5.423,P =0.000 07).There was no difference in the mortality and morbidity rates between two groups.Tumor recurrence rate was 6.25％ in UMD-SR group and 18.75％ in CSR group (x2 =0.133,P =0.285).Conclusions Ultrasound-guided methylene blue dyeing liver segmental resection can reduce the blood loss during operation, improve the safety of hepatectomy in case of hepatic carcinoma.

Rapid identification of dye adulteration in Kadsura longipedunculata by paper-based SERS / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a paper-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for the detection of dyed K adsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep .Methods Supported silver nanoparticles on filter paper were synthesized simply by soaking method .In addition ,factors including enrichment ratio of silver nanoparticles ,the enhancement effect and sta-bility of the SERS device were investigated .Results The K adsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep ,dyed by Erythrosine or Acid Red at low concentration had been detected successfully .Conclusion Combined with the paper device and SERS ,the ap-proach was rapid and non-destructive which could be used to identification of dyed K adsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep .

State of the art in chromovitrectomy / Estado da arte da cromovitrectomia

Vitrectomy is a surgery that involves complex and delicate techniques that treat diseases such as macular hole, epiretinal membrane and diabetic macular edema. Chromovitrectomy is one of these techniques and includes the use of coloring agents such as vital dyes or crystals to enhanced visibility of transparent structures during vitrectomy. The aim of this study was to present a modern approach, based on scientific evidence, about the application and indication of vital coloring agents during vitrectomy. The use of such agents has made this surgery more predictable and has increased its post-operative prognosis. Although research on chromovitrectomy is currently expanding there is still not an established gold standard dyeing agent.

A cirurgia vitreorretiniana é uma cirurgia que envolve técnicas complexas e delicadas que tratam doenças como buraco macular, membrana epirretiniana e o edema macular diabético. A cromovitrectomia é uma dessas técnicas que incluem o uso de corantes compostos de pigmentos vitais ou cristais para melhorar a visibilização de estruturas transparentes durante a cirurgia de vitrectomia. O objetivo desse artigo foi apresentar uma abordagem atual, baseada em evidências, sobre a aplicação e indicação de corantes vitais durante a cirurgia vitreorretiniana. O emprego desses corantes possibilitou uma maior previsibilidade para a cirurgia, melhorando assim seu prognóstico pós-operatório. Apesar do campo da cromovitrectomia está em plena expansão de pesquisas, um corante gold standard para cromovitrectomia ainda não está estabelecido.

Application of acetic acid-indigo carmine dyeing in diagnosis of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in basic level hospital / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the approaches to improve the detection of early gastric and precancerous lesions for basic level hospi-tals. Methods The 72 patients with abnormal gastric mucosa observed by gastroscope arranged with pathology after acetic acid-indigo car-mine dyeing were considered as the dyeing group, and 68 patients with abnormal gastric mucosa observed by gastroscope directly arranged with pathology were considered as the control group. The dyeing conditions of gastric mucosa were observed and compared to pathology detec-tion. The detection rate of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in the two groups were compared. Results After acetic acid-indigo carmine dyeing, there were 16. 7% of demonstrated discoloration, 63. 9% of poor dyeing, and 14. 3% of even dyeing. The detection rate of early gastric cancer and high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with mucosa discoloration (91. 7%) was obviously higher than that in patients with poor dyeing (8. 6%) or even dyeing (0. 0%). The detection rate of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia or intestinal metaplasia in patients with poor dyeing (82. 6%) was obviously higher than that in patients with mucosa discoloration (8. 3%) or even dyeing (14. 3%). The detection rate of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in dyeing group (13. 9%,63. 9%) was obviously higher than that in control group (2. 9%,29. 4%). Conclusion The acid-indigo carmine dyeing could increase the diagnosis of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in basic level hospital. It is adaptable to extend approach in basic level hospital for its low cost and simple operation.