Advances in Research on Different Compatibility Ratios of Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus is a classic herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, the famous prescription is called Zuojinwan, which comes from Danxi Xinfa, is composed of Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus (6∶1). In this formula, Coptidis Rhizoma has the effect of clearing heat and drying diuresis, purging fire to remove toxin and clearing heart. Evodia Fructus has the effects of expelling cold and alleviating pain, checking upward adverse flow of Qi tostop vomiting, and assisting yang to stop diarrhea. Coptidis Rhizoma has the properties of bitter and cold, and Evodia Fructus has the properties of pungent and calidus. Pungent drugs have divergent effects, and bitter drugs have sedimentation effect, when used in combination, they can clear the liver and purge fire, calm the adverse-rising energy and stop vomiting. On the basis of Zuojinwan, Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus medicine has derived different compatibility ratios. Different ratios are different in terms of efficacy, usage, clinical application. Although with the application of modern analytical instruments and the development of molecular pharmacology theory, the chemical constituents and Pharmacological effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodia Fructus have been fully studied, as to the principle of compatibility, and the study of pharmacological effects and chemical constituents after the compatibility of the two drugs in different proportions, there is still no comprehensive system summary. This article makes a systematic and comprehensive explanation of Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodia Fructus from the aspects of famous literature, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and clinical applicationthrough querying literature and ancient books. In order to make this herb pair more standardized, and provide reference materials for further research and development for this herb pair.

Effect of Evodia on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemia Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effect of evodia on lipid metabolism and low-density lipoprotein-receptor(LDL-R) mRNA expression in hyperlipidemia mice. Method::Kunming mice (n=80) were randomly divided into normal control group (n=20) and model group (n=60). Serum lipids of the model group were measured after 3 weeks.After successful modeling, the mice can be randomly divided into 5 groups (with 10 in each group): model group (equivalent normal saline), positive control group (simvastatin, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1), drug group (evodia of 5.25, 10.5, 21 mg·kg- 1·d- 1). The mice were given drugs for 3 weeks.Htoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the liver cell structure and the change of aortic arch atherosclerosis in the mice.The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to test the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total serum adiponectin (ADPN) in serum of the mice.The expression of LDL-R mRNA in liver of each group was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Result::Liver HE staining showed hepatocyte swelling with steatosis in the model group, and alleviated liver steatosis in high-dose, medium-dose evodia and simvastatin groups.HE staining showed damages on the aortict arch wall in the model group, with obvious intima thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration.The intima was thickened obviously in the low-dose group, and the structure of aortic vessel wall was clear in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal group, TC, TG and HDL-C levels in serum of the model group were increased, while HDL-C level was decreased (P<0.01). Serum TC and TG levels of mice in the medium and high-dose groups decreased, whereas LDL-C and HDLl-C levels increased in low, medium and high-dose groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the normal group, the adiponectin level in the model group was decreased, while the serum adiponectin levels in medium and high-dose groups were significantly increased (P<0.01). The LDL-R mRNA expression in the liver of mice in the model group was significantly reduced compared with the normal group (P<0.01). The LDL-R mRNA expression in medium and high-dose evodia groups was significantly increased compared with the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion::Evodia can improve the tendency of hepatic lesions and aortic atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia mice, which may be related to the regulation of adiponectin level, the reduction of lipid content in mice and the up-regulation of LDL-R mRNA expression in mice liver.

Rapid Identification of Alkaloids in Evodia rutaecarpa by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To obtain the information of alkaloids in Evodia rutaecarpa by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Method:Inter Sustain-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with 0.2% formic acid water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The column temperature was 25℃,the volume flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,and the sample volume is 5 μL. The detection wavelength was 245 nm,and the chromatographic effluent was detected and analyzed by using both positive and negative ions. Result:According to molecular ion peaks and secondary mass spectrometry characteristic fragment ions,as well as the mass spectrometry information of reference substances and relevant literature reports,more than 40 major peaks were analyzed,and 21 alkaloids were identified from the methanol extract of E. rutaecarpa, including 10 kinds of indole alkaloids,10 kinds of quinolone alkaloids,and 1 kind of ephedrine. Main types of alkaloids in E. rutaecarpa were basically clarified. And the research found that the alkaloids have a good response mainly in the positive mode. Conclusion:Based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation,mass spectrometry determination of molecular mass,pyrolysis data,literature analysis and retrieval were performed to quickly,accurately and comprehensively identify alkaloids in E. rutaecarpa, so as to provide a scientific basis for the further extraction and separation of the chemical constituents of E. rutaecarpa.

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and their biological activities / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.and their biological activities.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from E.rutaecarpa was isolated and purified by silica column and recrystallization,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antitumor and antifungal activities were determined by MTT and mycelium growth method,respectively.RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as rutaecarpine (1),evodiamine (2),1-methyl-2-undecyl-4 (1H)-quinolone (3),1-methyl-2-tridecyl-4 (1H)-quinolone (4),wuchuyuamide Ⅰ (5),wuchuyuamide Ⅲ (6),wuchuyuamide Ⅳ (7),β-sitosterol (8),β-daucosterol (9),dehydroevodiamine (10).Compounds 1,2,10 had certain inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231,LoVo,A2780 and HeLa with the IC50values of 0.65-29.45 μmol/L.Compound 1 had a certain inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea,Glomerella cingulata and Rhizoctonia solani with the inhibitory rates of 18.12％-49.57％.CONCLUSION Compounds 3-7 are isolated from this plant for the first time,compounds 1,2,10 have strong biological activities.

Evodiamine Reduces Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disturbances and Excitation in Mice

Worldwide, caffeine is among the most commonly used stimulatory substances. Unfortunately, significant caffeine consumption is associated with several adverse effects, ranging from sleep disturbances (including insomnia) to cardiovascular problems. This study investigates whether treatment with the Evodia rutaecarpa aqueous extract (ERAE) from berries and its major molecular component, evodiamine, can reduce the adverse caffeine-induced sleep-related and excitation effects. We combined measurements from the pentobarbital-induced sleep test, the open field test, and the locomotor activity test in mice that had been dosed with caffeine. We found that ERAE and evodiamine administration reduced the degree of caffeine-induced sleep disruption during the sleep test. Additionally, we found that evodiamine significantly inhibits caffeine-induced excitation during the open field test, as well as decreasing hyperlocomotion in the locomotor activity test. Additional in vitro experiments showed that caffeine administration decreased the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor subunits in the mouse hypothalamus. However, evodiamine treatment significantly reversed this expression reduction. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ERAE and its major compound, evodiamine, provide an excellent candidate for the treatment or prevention of caffeine-induced sleep disturbances and excitatory states, and that the mechanism of these beneficial effects acts, at least in part, through the GABA(A)-ergic system.

Simultaneous Determination of 4 Effective Components in Different Compatibility Proportions of the Couple of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 4 effective components in the couple of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fmctus,and to investigate rational proportion of the couple.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Welch XB C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-1.5 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate solution (pH adjusted to 5.0 with phosphoric acid) (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of berberine hydrochloride,martin hydrochloride,evodiamine and rutacarpine were 2.24-44.80 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),1.26-31.50 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),2.70-81.00 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),1.65-49.50 μg mL(r=0.999 9),respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3.0％.The recoveries were 98.11％-100.73％ (RSD=1.04％,n=6),96.54％-103.47％(RSD=1.86％,n=6),95.49％-102.36％ (RSD=2.05％,n=6),97.19％-103.24％ (RSD=2.19％,n=6),respectively.When the proportion of Coptidis Rhizoma-Evodiae Fructus(m/m) was 2∶ 1,the comprehensive content of each component was the highest.CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,stable and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 4 effective components in different compatibility proportions of the couple of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus.The rational proportion of the couple of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus is 2 ∶ 1.

Simultaneous Determination of Chlorogenic Acid,Evodiamine and Rutecarpine in Different Places of Evodia rutaecarpa by UPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid,evodiamine,rutecar-pine in different places of Evodia rutaecarpa. METHODS:UPLC was performed on the column of ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% Phosphoric acid aqueous solution(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 0.40 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 326 nm and 220 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the volume injection was 2 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 7.67-76.67 μg/ml for chlorogenic acid(r=0.999 2),13.33-133.33 μg/ml for evodiamine(r=0.999 7)and 13.33-133.33μg/ml for rutecarpine(r=0.999 8);the limits of quantitation were 0.11 ng,0.05 ng and 0.05 ng,the limits of detection were 0.03 ng,0.01 ng and 0.01 ng,respectively;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recoveries were 96.19%-101.90%(RSD=2.19%,n=6),95.35%-101.16%(RSD=2.27%,n=6)and 95.92%-98.98%(RSD=1.33%,n=6),re-spectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid and accurate,and suitable for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic ac-id,evodiamine,rutecarpine in different places of E. rutaecarpa.

Effects of Four Interior-warming Drugs on the Tension of Ileum Smooth Muscle and Ca2+-ATPase in Rabbits / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the effects of four interior-warming drugs( galangal,cinnamon,evodia rutaecarpa,and dried ginger)on the tension of ileum smooth muscle and Ca2+-ATPase on the cell membrane in rabbits. Methods The effects of galangal,cinnamon,evodia rutaecarpa,and dried ginger were examined on normal ileum smooth muscle,in vitro intestinal muscle contraction caused by acetylcholine(ACh),barium chloride(BaCl2 )and histamine(His), and ACh-induced calcium release by using BL-420E+ biological signal collection and processing system.The average tension was measured within 1 min before delivery and within 3 minutes after the treatment,and the inhibition rate was calculated according to the average tension value.The effects of sera containing galangal,cinnamon,evodia rutaecarpa,and dried ginger on Ca2+-ATPase activity on the cell membrane of the intestinal smooth muscle were examined by phosphorus method. Results Galangal,cinnamon,evodia rutaecarpa,and dried ginger at high concentrations could restrain in vitro intestinal contraction in normal circumstances(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Significant inhibitory effects on intestinal contraction caused by ACh,His and BaCl2 were found in low,medium and high concentration groups(P<0.01).There was a dose-effectiveness relationship between the inhibition rate and final drug concentrations.The ACh-induced intracellular and extracellular calcium dependent contraction were significantly inhibited by the four interior-warming drugs( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). The Ca2+-ATPase activities were( 0. 384 ± 0.070),(0.302±0.016),(0.307±0.016),(0.296±0.016),(0.313±0.003)U·mg-1 ,respectively,in intestinal smooth muscle in normal control group and high concentration groups of galangal,cinnamon,evodia rutaecarpa,and dried ginger(P<0.01). Conclusion Interior-warming drugs may relax intestinal smooth muscle by reducing the intracellular calcium release and the extracellular calcium inflow via receptor-controlled calcium channels,and inhibiting the Ca2+-ATPase activity in smooth muscle.

Chemical constituents of fruits from Evodia delavayi / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from Evodia delavayi. METHODS: The constituents of Evodia delavayi were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. RESULTS: Their structures were elucidated by anlalyzing their spectral data and compared with previously reported literatures. Thirteen compounds were identified as evodiamine (1), rutaecarpine (2), skimmiamine (3), 7β-hydroxyrutaecrpine (4), goshuyuamide 1(5), goshuyuamide II (6), negunfurol (7), schensianol(8), rutaecine(9), isorhamnetin(10), 7-ketositosterol(11), evodol(12), and β-sitosterol(13). CONCLUSION: All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 7, 8, and 11 are isolated from the genus Evodia for the first time.

Separation and purification of total alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa using 732 cation exchange resin and investigations on its anti-breast cancer bioactivity / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To optimize conditions for extraction of alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa by means of 732 cation exchange resin and performe its anti-breast cancer bioactivity.Methods The optimum processing route on extraction of alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa was investigated by means of 732 cation exchange resin.The performance of 732 cation exchange resin was compared with tranditonal process ( aqueous extraction-ethanol precipitation in extraction-purification process).The alkaloid reagent-potassium mercuric iodide test and MTT test were performed on the crudes.Results Compared with traditional purification process, it was much better to use 732 cation exchange resin approach for extraction of alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarp with high yield(16.81%) The best eluent should be saturated brine with excellent purification.No obvious correlations were found between the toxin of breast cancer cell and concentration of total alkaloids.When the concentration of total alkaloids was 50μmol/mL, cellular survival rate was 68%afterward 24 h.When the concentration of total alkaloids comes to 100 μmol/mL and 150 μmol/mL, cellular survival rates were slightly decreased by 66% and 60%.Conclusion 732 cation exchange resin performes much higher than traditional process in purification of total alkaloids extracted from Evodia rutaecarpa.Simultaneously, the extracted total alkaloids showe remarkable inhibition in breast cancer cell.

Separation of Five Quinolone Alkaloids from Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To develop a suitable method for the large-scale separation of quinolone alkaloids from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). Methods: Two solvent systems were developed for the separation method. The upper phase was used as the stationary phase, and the lower phase was used as the mobile phase at 35 °C with the flow rate of 2 mL/min and rotation speed of 855 r/min. Results Using the described method, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (1), evocarpine (2), 1-methy-2-[(6Z,9Z)]-6,9-pentade-cadienyl-4-(1H)-quinolone (3), dihydroevocarpine (4), and the mixture (5) of 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-10-pentadecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (Va) and 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-6-pentadecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (Vb) could be isolated from a petroleum ether extract. They were identified by 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and MS/MS, and the purities were 94.3%, 95.2%, 96.8%, 98.3%, and 96.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Five quinolone alkaloids from the fruits of E. rutaecarpa could be systematically isolated and purified using HSCCC. The presented method is simple and efficient with good potentials on the preparation of reference substances, especially on the quality control of Chinese materia medica. © 2014 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Effects of Volatile Oil of Fructus Evodia, Mustard Oil and Total Anthraquinone in Rheum on Percutaneous Absorption of Paeoniflorin in Vitro / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of volatile oil of Fructus Evodia, mustar d oil and total anthraquinone in Rheum on the transcutaneous permeability of paeoniflorin. Methods Using intelligent transdermal diffusion cell and excised mice skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the kinetics parameters such as cumulative permeation quantity, permeation rate and permeation lagged time of the three kinds of penetration enhancers on paeoniflorin were determined by HPLC in 12 hours. Results The penetration rate of volatile oil of Fructus Evodia, mustard oil and total anthraquinone in Rheum were 8.188 6, 3.411 7, 1.230 3 μg/(cm2?h), respectively, the enhancement ratios were 22.6, 9.40, 3.40, respectively, and the permeation lagged times were 0.93, 0.51, 0.83 h, respectively. Conclusion Three penetration enhancers all can enhance previously percutaneous absorption of paeoniflorin, which provides reference for the selection of the penetration enhancers of transdermal delivery.

Simultaneous Determination of Five Active Chemical Components in Tibetan Medicine Pterocephalus Hookeri Hoeck by UFLC-PDA / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to establish an Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (UFLC-PDA) method for the simultaneous determination of five chemical components, which included chlorogenic acid, loganin, sweroside, evodia rutaecarpa glycosides and triplostoside A, in Pterocephalus hookeri h eck. Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 (100 mm í 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution in gradient elution as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. And the injection volume was 0.4 μL. The detection wavelength was set up at 237 nm and 325 nm. And the column temperature was 30℃. The results showed that the calibration curve was linear within the range of 8.72~218.0, 1.52~38.0, 2.44~61.0, 29.36~734.0, 3.00~75.0μg·mL-1 (r > 0.999 6, n=9) for chlorogenic acid, loganin, sweroside, evodia rutaecarpa glycosides and triplostoside A, respectively. The average recovery rates were 99.46%, 99.41%, 100.14%, 98.89%, and 99.42%, respectively. The RSD was 0.69%, 0.66%, 0.60%, 1.21%, and 0.64%, respectively (n = 9). It was concluded that this method was simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of the content of five chemical components in P. hookeri.

Chemical constituents of Evodia lepta in Pattra medicine / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Pattra medicine Evodia lepta from Xishuangbanna of Yunnan province, China. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques, and identified by NMR, MS, and other spectral methods with chemical hydrolysis. Results: In 95% ethanol extract from the leaves of E. lepta, four compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyacetophenone-3, 5-di-C-β-D-glucoside (1), 2, 4, 6-trihydroxy- acetophenone-3, 5-di-C-β (6'-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-D-glucoside (2), 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyacetophenone-3, 5-di-C-β(6'-O-Z-p-coumaroyl)- D-glucoside (3), and 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyacetophenone-3, 5-di-C-β (6'-O-E-cinnamoyl)-D-glucoside (4), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 2-4 are new compounds named leptabiside A, B, and C, respectively. Compound 1 is obtained from domestic E. lepta for the first time.

Analgesic effects of Evodia extract cream and its mechanisms in mice / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the analgesic effects of Evodia extract cream and its mechanisms. METHODS: Kunming mice were used as model animals, and hot plate test and formalin test were adopted in analgesia experiments. ELISA test was used to detect the contents of CGRP and PGE2. In addition, the tissue section technique was used to investigate the extent of inflammation cell infiltration in the area of pain. RESULTS: Evodia extract cream with a drug loading ranging from 0.1% to 0.4% could relieve pain induced by noxious heat (P < 0.05), and demonstrated significant analgesic effects in the mice formalin test (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. RESULTS: from ELISA test showed that Evodia extract cream with a drug loading of 0.2% significantly decreased the expression of CGRP in the pain zone of skin (P < 0.05) 3 min after subcutaneous injection of formalin (0.2% EE), and the expression of CGRP showed significant reduction over time (P < 0.05). But Evodia extract cream with a drug loading ranging from 0.1% to 0.4% had no significant effects on the contents of CGRP and PGE2 in plasma or the content of PGE2 in mice skin. Histological section RESULTS: indicated that the content of inflammation cell infiltration induced by formalin was decreased significantly after topical administration of Evodia extract cream with a drug loading ranging from 0.1% to 0.4% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical administration of Evodia extract cream has significant dose-dependent analgesic effects. These findings suggest that the analgesic mechanism of Evodia extract cream is most likely related with exhausting the CGRP and interdicting its conduction and coordinating with anti-inflammatory effect.

Effect of Evodia rutaecarpa cultivated in Guizhou Yuqing on rabbit thoracic aorta in vitro and its mechanism / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Evodia rutaecarpa cultivated in Guizhou Yuqing on rabbit thoracic aorta in vitro and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Evodia rutaecarpa water decoction at concentrations from 0.1 to 1.6 mg · mL-1 was cumulatively added into organ bath, the isometric tensions of rabbit thoracic aortic rings with intact endothelium or denuded endothelium were recorded, then the thoracic aortic rings were pre-incubated with L-NAME, indometacin and barium chloride respectively to observe the effect of Evodia rutaecarpa. RESULTS: The water decoction of Evodia rutaecarpa cultivated in Guizhou Yuqing could dose-dependently increase the tension of rabbit thoracic aortic rings, and the constrictive effect was stronger on endothelium-intact aortic rings than on endothelium-denuded aortic rings. The contraction induced by Evodia rutaecarpa on endothelium-intact aortic rings was decreased by pre-incubation with L-NAME and indometacin. However, Evodia rutaecarpa had no significant effect on endothelium-intact aortic rings when pre-incubated with barium chloride. CONCLUSION: The water decoction of Evodia rutaecarpa cultivated in Guizhou Yuqing has endothelium-dependent contracting effect on rabbit thoracic aorta, and it may also stimulate the release of NO and PGI2from endothelium cells, which partly compromises its vasoconstrictive effects.

Hepatoprotective effect of Evodia officinalis Dode on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Evodia officinalis Dode(EEEO) in a rat model of acute hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups (control,CCl4,EEEO + CCl4,and Silmyarin + CCl4),the four groups were given intragastrically with normal saline,EEEO for 5 d,respectively.In the last one day,these groups except for control group were injected peritoneally with CCl4.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer.Pathological changes of hepatic tissues were assessed by hematoxylin-eosine (HE) staining.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenate were analyzed using xanthinoxidase and thio-barbituric acid,respectively.Results Compared the ALT [(345.4 ±51.6)U/ml] and AST [(621.7 ± 143.5) U/ml)] of CCl4 group with ALT [(41.1 ± 2.2) U/ml] and AST [(85.2 ± 22.2) U/ml] of control group,the serum levels of ALT and AST in the CCl4 group were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining of liver tissue,the degeneration and necrosis were implicated to the whole hepatic lobules in the CCl4 group.In EEEO + CCl4 group,compared the ALT [(308.1 ± 44.6) U/ml] and AST [(546.4 ± 131.6) U/ml] of low dose EEEO + CCl4 group with the ALT [(210.6 ±34.5) U/ml] and AST [(379.3 ± 112.3) U/ml] of high dose EEEO +CCl4 group the serum levels of ALT and AST were decreased significantly in low dose EEEO + CCl4 group (P ＜0.05).The denaturation and necrosis of hepatic lobules,the level of SOD,CAT were increased and MDA decreased (P ＜ 0.05) inendochylema.Concluslons EEEO can significantly relieve the CCl4-induced hepatonecrosis.The role may be related to anti-lipid peroxidation.

Simultaneous Analysis of Thirteen Bioactive Components in Evodia rutaecarpa and Its Varieties by HPLC-DAD-MS / 中草药·英文版

Objective To control the quality of Evodia rutaecarpa better. Methods An HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method was established for the rapid and efficient identification of bioactive constituents and for simultaneous quantitative analysis of four bioactive ingredients including evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine, and evodin in E.rutaecarpa, which was applied to evaluating eight samples of E. rutaecarpa and its varieties from different areas.Results Thirteen potentially bioactive constituents including one flavonoid glycoside, one limonin, four indoloquinazoline alkaloids, and seven quinolone alkaloids were identified in all samples and the contents of dehydroevodiamine, evodine, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine varied widely from 0.10% to 0.51%, 0.49% to 3.12%,0.07% to 1.56%, and 0.10% to 0.69%, respectively. Conclusion This method is found to be convenient, fast,accurate, and it is facilitated to improve the quality control standard of E. rutaecarpa and related products.

Treatment of 36 Cases of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer with Acupoint Sticking Therapy / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the therapeutical effect of using the paste of Wu Zhu Yu(Fructus Evodia)for acupoint sticking combined with toniflying kidney,to treat the recurrent aphthous ulcer.Methods:Thirty-six cases of reccurent aphthous ulcer due to kidney dificiency were treated with Wu Zhu Yu(Fructus Evodia)paste applying to Yongquan(KI 1),and orally taking Liu Wei Di Huang Pill.Ten treatments made up one course,2-3 d of interval between 2 courses.Then 1-year follow-up was made.Results:Twenty cases were cured,12 cases improved,4 cases failed.Conclusion:The method of using Wu Zhu Yu(Fructus Evodia)paste applying to acupoint Yongquan(KI 1),integrated with the manipulation of strengthening kidney,can effectively shorten the duration of disease,improve the symptoms,and control recurrency,which is good for this disease.

X-ray crystallographic analysis and revision of NMR spectral assignments for rhetsinine / 中国药科大学学报

Rhetsinine has been isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa ( Juss. ) Benth. ~1H NMR and ~(13)C NMR assignments reported previously for rhetsinine were revised on the basis of UV, IR, ESI-MS,~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis.