História de vida de executivos e resiliência no trabalho: interfaces e relações / Executive life history and workplace resilience: interfaces and relationships

A Resiliência é um processo psicológico que envolve a adaptação positiva diante das adversidades, proporcionando aos indivíduos oportunidades de crescimento e aprendizado. O presente estudo buscou compreender as possíveis relações entre a história de vida de executivos e os comportamentos resilientes demonstrados no ambiente de trabalho. Este estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa que contou com a participação de executivos de quatro organizações do setor têxtil sediadas no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir do método biográfico e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise de conteúdo revelou que a resiliência é um processo aprendido ao longo da vida, o qual auxiliou os participantes a enfrentar e superar as adversidades presentes nos contextos de trabalho em tempos difíceis. Os resultados demonstraram que a resiliência dos executivos teve impacto no alcance dos resultados organizacionais, no desenvolvimento de novas habilidades e na manutenção de sua saúde, bem-estar e qualidade de vida. A resiliência é uma capacidade que pode auxiliar no enfrentamento e superação das adversidades no ambiente de trabalho, especialmente em momentos desafiadores.

Resilience is a psychological process that involves positive adaptation in the face of encoureted adversities, offering individuals opportunities for growth and learning. This study aimed to explore the potential relationships between executives' life histories and the resilient behaviors they exhibit in the workplace. It is a qualitative research conducted with executives from four organizations in the textile sector, based in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data was collected using biographical methods and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis revealed that resilience is a learned proces that unfolds throughout life, assisting participants in confronting and surmounting the challenges present in work environments during challenging times. The results demonstrated that executives had a significant impact on achieving organizational outcomes, developing new skills, and maintaining their health, well-being, and quality of life. Resilience is a valuable capacity that can aid in facing and surpassing workplace adversities, especially in moments of difficulty.

"Eu Não Tenho Direito de Me Desanimar": Sofrimento no Trabalho de Executivos / "I Don't Have the Right to Despond Myself": The Executive's Work Suffering

Resumo Este estudo analisa os reflexos que as vivências de trabalho exercem sobre a saúde mental dos executivos das indústrias alimentícias do Vale do Caí, Rio Grande do Sul. Com delineamento qualitativo, a pesquisa contou com oito entrevistados. Utilizaram-se entrevistas focalizadas e questionários. Os dados foram examinados por meio da análise de conteúdo proposta por Laville e Dionne. O medo do desligamento e a necessidade de abdicarem da própria subjetividade em prol da empresa são fatores de sofrimento. A organização do trabalho é negligente com cuidados à saúde mental e promove modos mecanicistas de ser, agravando os riscos à integridade dos trabalhadores. A psicologia promove reflexões e possibilita a ressignificação do sofrimento gerado pelo trabalho.

Abstract This study analyzes the repercussions of the work experience on the mental health of the executives of the food industry in the region of Vale do Caí, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. With the qualitative design, the survey counted on eight interviewees. We used focused interviews and questionnaires. The data were assessed by the content analysis proposed by Laville and Dionne. The fear of dismissal and the need to abdicate one's subjectivity in favor of the company are factors for suffering. The organization of work is negligent with mental health care and promotes mechanistic ways of being, aggravating the risks to the integrity of workers. Psychology promotes reflections and enables the resignification of the suffering generated by work.

Influencia del neoliberalismo en los principios y valores de las elites empresariales de la ciudad de Lima, Perú / Influence of neoliberalism on the principles and values of business elites in the city of Lima, Peru / Influência do neoliberalismo nos princípios e valores das elites empresariais na cidade de Lima, Peru

Resumen El presente artículo expone la influencia del neoliberalismo en la narrativa de nación en empresarios y ejecutivos pertenecientes a diversos gremios empresariales de Lima. Esta la investigación nace de la necesidad de estudiar a los sectores más privilegiados desde la antropología porque ayuda a entender como en las sociedades latinoamericanas se ejerce el poder De esa forma, la justificación de este estudio es promover una agenda de investigación desde la antropología sobre los sectores que tienen los mayores privilegios en las sociedades latinoamericanas. Este artículo, entonces, se inspira en las investigaciones sobre la "la clase alta argentina" (Gessaghi, 2015) y busca promoverlo dentro de otros países. En el Perú, han sido muy pocos los trabajos desde una perspectiva antropológica han estudiado sobre la elites económicas y este tiene la finalidad de promover un debate que había sido dejado de lado en los últimos 40 años (Cotler 1978).

Abstract This article presents the influence of neoliberalism in the narrative of nation in businessmen and executives belonging to various business associations of Lima. This research stems from the need to study the most privileged sectors from anthropology because it helps to understand how in Latin American society's power is exercised. In this way, the justification for this information is to promote a research agenda from anthropology on the sectors that have the greatest privileges in Latin American societies. This article, then, is inspired by the works on the "Argentine upper class" (Gessaghi, 2015) and seeks to promote it within other countries. In Peru, there have been very few works from an anthropological perspective that have worked on the economic elite and this seeks to promote a debate that had been left aside in the last 40 years (Cotler; 1978).

Resumo Este artigo expõe a influência do neoliberalismo na narrativa da nação em empresários e executivos pertencentes a várias associações empresariais em Lima. Esta pesquisa é a necessidade de estudar os setores mais privilegiados da antropologia, pois ajuda a entender como é exercido o poder nas sociedades latino-americanas. Assim, a justificativa para este estudo é promover uma agenda de pesquisa da antropologia nos setores que têm os maiores privilégios nas sociedades latino-americanas. Este artigo, então, é inspirado em pesquisas sobre a "classe alta argentina" (Gessaghi, 2015) e procura promovê-lo em outros países. No Peru, existem muito poucos trabalhos sob uma perspectiva antropológica, eles estudaram elites econômicas e esta tem a política de promover um debate que foi negligenciado nos últimos 40 anos (Cotler 1978).

Influência da família e sucesso na carreira das executivas brasileiras / Family influence and Brazilian female executives' career success / Influencia de la familia y éxito profesional de las ejecutivas brasileñas

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a influência dos pais na carreira das mulheres brasileiras que fizeram sucesso como executivas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa descritiva com 47 executivas que conseguiram chegar aos três níveis mais altos de 27 grandes organizações. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que, embora tenham crescido em famílias que valorizavam os estudos, foram as mães que mais influenciaram na escolha das filhas para entrar no mercado de trabalho. Mães que queriam ter vivenciado a experiência de ter um trabalho e não tiveram também projetaram esse desejo para a vida de suas filhas. Características pessoais das mães (fortes, corajosas) também influenciaram as filhas a buscarem realização profissional. Já em relação ao pai, os resultados demonstraram que o grande incentivo não foi em relação a ter uma carreira, mas sim em dar enfoque aos estudos

This article aims to identify the influence of parents in the career of Brazilian women who succeeded in the executive world. This is a descriptive and qualitative research. We interviewed 47 top executives who have managed to reach the three highest organizational levels in 27 corporations. Data treatment used the content analysis technique. Results show that, although they grew up in families that valued studying, the mothers were those who influenced more the daughters' choice to go for the labor market. Mothers who wanted to have had the experience of having a job and had not fulfilled it also transmitted that desire to their daughters. The mothers' personal characteristics (being "strong" and "brave") also influenced daughters to seek professional fulfillment. Regarding the father, the results showed that the great incentive was not to have a career, but to focus on the studies

Este artículo pretende identificar la influencia de los padres en la carrera de las mujeres brasileñas que tuvieran éxito como ejecutivas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa descriptiva con 47 ejecutivas que llegaron a los tres niveles superiores de 27 grandes organizaciones. Los datos fueran tratados con la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados indicaron que, si bien han crecido en familias que valoran los estudios, fueron las madres que más influyeron en la elección de las hijas para entrar al mercado de trabajo. Las madres que querían haber vivido la experiencia laboral y no lo habían logrado transmitieron este deseo a sus hijas. Las características personales de las madres ("ser fuerte", "valiente") también influyeron en las hijas para buscar su realización profesional. Ya con relación al padre, los resultados demostraron que el gran incentivo no fue influir para que sus hijas tuvieran una carrera, sino centrarse en los estudios

Conflito trabalho-família em executivos: uma revisão sistemática de 2009 a 2014 / Work-Family conflict among executives: a systematic review from 2009 until 2014 / Conflicto trabajo-familia en ejecutivos: una revisión sistemática desde 2009 hasta 2014

Objetiva-se apresentar uma revisão sistemática da publicação científica nacional e internacional sobre o conflito trabalho-família em executivos entre 2009 e 2014. Para esta revisão foram consultadas três bases indexadoras: PsycINFO, Periódicos CAPES e Scopus. O total de artigos analisados foi 13. Dentre as variáveis estudadas junto ao conflito, destacam-se aquelas associadas à saúde do executivo, gênero, variáveis organizacionais e culturais. Resultados apontam para artigos quantitativos, de origem americana e com ênfase na área de ciências exatas. Ainda, percebe-se a escassez de pesquisas que proponham ações organizacionais para a redução do conflito entre trabalho e família. Sugere-se que novas pesquisas utilizem a triangulação de dados e contemplem as diferenças culturais além do contexto pessoal e profissional dos executivos.

The goal is to present a national and international systematic review from 2009 until 2014, with the theme of work-family conflict among executives. The search was consulted in three indexed bases: PsycNFO, Periódicos CAPES and Scopus. The total number of papers was 13. Among the studied variables, connected with conflict, stand out: gender, organizational structure and management, satisfaction, turnover and leadership. The results point to mainly quantitative articles, American in origin and emphasizing the area of the exact sciences. Still, one realizes the lack of research proposing organizational actions to reduce conflict between work and family. It is suggested that further researches use triangulation of data and contemplate the cultural differences beyond the personal and professional context of executives.

El objetivo es presentar una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas nacionales e internacionales, desde 2009 hasta 2014, sobre el comportamiento del conflicto trabajo-familia en ejecutivos. Para ello, fueron consultadas tres bases indexadoras: PsycINFO, Periódicos CAPES y Scopus. En total, se analizaron 13 artículos. Entre las variables estudiadas con relación al conflicto, se destacan las relacionadas con la salud del ejecutivo, el género, la organización y la cultura. Los resultados indican que los artículos analizados son en su mayoría cuantitativos, de origen estadounidense y con énfasis en el campo de las ciencias exactas. Además, se percibe la falta de investigaciones que propongan acciones organizacionales para reducir los conflictos entre trabajo y familia. Se sugiere que nuevas investigaciones utilicen la triangulación de datos y contemplen las diferencias culturales, además del contexto personal y profesional de los ejecutivos.

Brazilian Portuguese transcultural adaptation of Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS)

Abstract Background Considering the importance of Executive Functions to clinical and nonclinical situations, Barkley proposed a new theory of executive functioning based on an evolutionary neuropsychological perspective and clinical research using large samples of clinical and community identified adults and children as well as children with ADHD followed to adulthood. Objective The present study aims to adapt the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functions Scales (BDEFS) to Brazilian Portuguese and also assess its construct validity in a sample of normal Brazilian adults. Methods The original version of scale was adapted to Brazilian Portuguese according to the guideline from the ISPOR Task Force. To assess the semantic equivalence between the original and adapted version, both of them were applied into a sample of 25 Brazilian bilingual adults. Finally, 60 Brazilian adults completed the BDEFS and the Brazilian versions of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) to assess convergent validity. Results The BDEFS Brazilian Portuguese version has semantic correspondence with the original version indicating that the adaptation procedure was successful. The BDEFS correlated significantly with the impulsivity and attention scores from the BIS-11 and ASRS-18 supporting its construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.961) indicated that the BDEFS translated version has satisfactory internal consistency. Discussion Together, these findings indicate the successful adaptation of the BDEFS to Brazilian Portuguese and support its utility in that population.

Gestão de Recursos Humanos Internacional e o Ajustamento Intercultural do Executivo Expatriado / International Human Resource Management and theIntercultural Executive Expatriate Adjustment

O ajustamento intercultural do expatriado no país anfitrião é um importante desafio para as empresas contemporâneas. As políticas de expatriação contribuem diretamente para o ajustamento do executivo e de sua família na nova cultura. O papel da área de recursos humanos internacional concorre significativamente para o resultado da missão de expatriação. Com o objetivo de compreender a atuação da área de recursos humanos internacional na gestão do ajustamento intercultural de expatriados no país anfitrião, este relato adotou como referência de ajustamento intercultural o modelo de Black, Mendenhall e Oddou (1991). Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e interpretativa com quatro responsáveis diretos pela gestão do processo de expatriação em três empresas multinacionais e uma brasileira internacionalizada, localizadas na cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados contribuem para identificar como a área de recursos humanos internacional compreende sua responsabilidade e o alcance das políticas de expatriação em relação ao ajustamento intercultural do expatriado no país anfitrião...

The intercultural adjustment of expatriates in a host country is an important challenge for contemporary businesses. Expatriation policies directly contribute to the adjustment of the executive and of his family in the new culture. The role of the area of international human resources contributes significantly to the outcome of the mission of expatriation. In order to understand the performance of the international human resource management field in cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates in the host country, this report adopted, as intercultural adjustment reference model, that of Black, Mendenhall and Oddou (1991). Qualitative and interpretative research was conducted with four people directly responsible for the expatriation process management in three multinational companies and an internationalized Brazilian company, all located in the city of São Paulo. The results help to identify how the international human resource area understands its responsibility in the expatriation policies scope related to intercultural adjustment of expatriates in the host country...

Communication for Medical Advices between Prehospital Providers and Physician Medical Directors

PURPOSE: On-line medical control, in addition to indirect control like protocols, is known to exert a positive effect on the quality of prehospital care. Because the decision-making process of directing physicians depends on the information provided by prehospital providers via telecommunication, brief and organized reporting of significant points is of paramount importance. METHODS: Telecommunications regarding direct medical control provided by emergency physicians in a university hospital were recorded from May 1 to June 30, 2012. All communications were between cellular phones. Analysis of the recorded dialogues was performed by an independent researcher. RESULTS: A total of 115 cases were included for analyses. Affiliated fire offices were reported in 107 (93.0%) cases, while certification of responding officers was reported in only 62 (53.9%) cases. All five vital signs were reported in only 9 cases (7.8%), including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation. Procedures delivered before telephone contact were reported in 30.4% of cases, and reporting rate of patient response to treatment was 16.5%. Estimated times of arrival to the destined hospital were reported in only 8.7%. CONCLUSION: Reporting procedures regarding prehospital direct medical control should be concise and comprehensive, including essential elements like certification of the provider, consciousness and vital signs of the patient, and estimated time of hospital arrival.

Estresse, Doença do Tempo: um estudo sobre o uso do tempo pelos executivos brasileiros / Stress, a Disease Related to Time: a study about Brazilian top managers schedules

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a percepção do tempo para os executivosbrasileiros e a sua relação com o estresse. Os dados da pesquisa, queconjugou estratégia quantitativa e qualitativa, demonstram que o estresseestá diretamente relacionado com o uso do tempo. Há diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto ao grau de satisfação no trabalho entre as pessoas que trabalham de 8 a 9 horas e as que trabalham 12 horas ou mais. Nesse último caso, a freqüência de sintomas de estresse é maior. O tempo dos altos executivos é abordado como algo autônomo, abstrato, independente, tal qual a concepção de tempo associada à concepção mecanicista da natureza. Não por acaso, o estresse já foi caracterizado como uma doença do tempo...

The aim of this article is to verify the perception of Brazilian executivesabout the relation between time and stress. The research that conjugatedquantitative and qualitative data shows that stress is directly related with time schedule. There is significant statistical difference as to the satisfaction level at work among people that work from 8 to 9 hours daily and those who work 12 hours or more. In this last case the stress symptoms are larger. Top executives approach time as something autonomous, abstract, independent, associating time to the mechanical conception of nature. Not by chance,stress was already characterized as a disease of time...

Necesidades de aprendizaje e impacto educativo en temas económicos en directivos del Sector Salud / Learning needs and educational impact in economic themes in executives of the Health Sector

Introducción: diversos han sido los estudios pedagógicos en diferentes especialidades, disciplinas y esferas del conocimiento para determinar las necesidades de aprendizaje. La capacitación del personal de la salud en temas económicos constituye un reclamo permanente de sus directivos y trabajadores en diferentes escenarios. Objetivo: determinar las necesidades de aprendizaje y el impacto educativo del módulo de Preparación Económica en los Directivos de la provincia La Habana, quienes cursan el Diplomado de Dirección en Salud. Material y Métodos: se aplicó una encuesta -al inicio y al final del módulo- a los 43 diplomantes que asistieron a este. La información se analizó con el software SPSS, utilizando la estadística descriptiva, y el Test de McNemar para evaluar el impacto del módulo. Resultados: el promedio de la edad fue de 45,0±5,4 años, y trabajando en el sector fue de 20,1±6,9 años. En el cargo de dirección promediaban en 2,7±2,1 años. Fueron estadísticamente significativas las diferencias en las respuestas (antes y después) sobre la eficiencia económica (16,3 vs. 81,4), y su aplicación en la Atención Primaria (46,5 vs. 81,4). Las respuestas sobre el control interno fueron altas en ambos momentos. Conclusiones: se constatan (al inicio) carencias cognoscitivas en relación con los temas económicos. Luego de impartido el módulo, la mayoría de los cursistas elevaron sus conocimientos sobre estos temas. Lo relacionado al Control Interno, fue bien respondido tanto al inicio como al final, lo que pudo estar determinado por el uso que de este se viene realizando desde hace tiempo en el sector.

Introduction: various pedagogic studies in different specialties, disciplines and branch of knowledge have determined learning needs. The training of the health´s professional in economic themes constitutes a permanent need for them, at different scenarios. Objective: to determine the learning needs and the educational impact of the module about economic themes, in the Havana's professionals of health, who take a course in the Directing Graduate in Health. Material and Methods: a surveys was applied, to the start and at the end of the module, to 43 students that assisted the first day. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, and were used descriptive statistics, and McNemar's test to evaluate the impact of module. Results: mean of age was 45,0±5,4 years old, working at the sector was 20,1±6,9 years old, and as executives of health sector were 2,7±2,1 years old. It was statistically significant the answers (before and after) on the economic efficiency (16,3 vs. 81,4 ), and his application in the first attention level of health (46,5 vs. 81,4). The answers on the internal control were high in both moments. Conclusions: knowledge lacks in relation to the economic themes was verified at the beginning. After the economy module was given, the majority of the students raised their knowledge on these themes. The answers about aspects of internal control were good in both moments (before and after).

La mujer y el liderazgo empresarial / Women and business leadership

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la situación actual de la mujer en el mundo laboral y analizar las circunstancias que le han impedido alcanzar altas posiciones en las compañías. El núcleo de la discusión giró en torno a las barreras del liderazgo femenino y cómo estas pueden ser superadas a través del reconocimiento de las diferencias. Se argumenta que el principal problema relacionado con la participación inequitativa en cargos de alta gerencia se debe principalmente a los estereotipos femeninos, los cuales suelen ser contrarios a los roles de liderazgo aceptados por la mayoría de las culturas. Se resalta la necesidad de que las mujeres ejerzan el liderazgo desde sus propias características, en vez de imitar el tradicional rol de liderazgo masculino.

The aim of this paper was to describe the current leadership situation from the gender perspective and to analyze the circumstances that deter women from achieving high leadership positions in companies. The core of the discussion turned around women's leadership barriers and how these can be overcome through the recognition of the difference of being a woman. We argued that the main issue related to this unequal participation as CEOs is mainly due to stereotypes concerning women's roles, which in many cases are contrary to the leadership roles accepted in most cultures. We point out that women should find their own leadership capacity, according to their own characteristics rather than to imitate the traditional male leadership role.

Effects of yoga on brain wave coherence in executives.

Aim of this study was to assess the effect of Self Management of Excessive Tension (SMET), a yoga based stress management program on brain wave coherence. Brain wave recordings were taken with Brain Master 2 Channel EEG (version-2.0). The subjects for the study were 72 corporate executives, 48.75±3.86 years of mean age referred from Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited. EEG data was recorded on the first and sixth day of 5 days SMET program. A complete statistical and spectral analysis showed 19.31% increase (p=0.03) in delta, 5.04% increase (p=0.65) in theta, 15.40% increase (p=0.09) in alpha, 1.67% decrease (p=0.54) in beta and 18.68% increase (p=0.07) in gamma wave coherence between pre and post intervention measurements. Taken together, these results suggest that participation in a SMET program was associated with improvement in emotional stability and may have implications for ‘Executive Efficiency’. Because before and after designs limit inferences about intervention effects, further research is warranted to explore the effects of SMET program for stress management using a larger, randomized controlled trial.

Inteligência emocional e qualidade de vida em gestores brasileiros / Emotional intelligence and quality of life in brazilian managers

O construto Inteligência Emocional contribui para estudos científicos sobre as relações interpessoais nas organizações, por permitir a investigação das emoções humanas no ambiente de trabalho. O presente estudo investiga as relações entre a Inteligência Emocional (IE) e a Qualidade de Vida (QV) em um grupo de gestores brasileiros em cargos de liderança. A amostra foi composta de 30 gestores. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados o Mayer, Salovey e Caruso Emotional Intelligent Test (MSCEIT), o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde Simplificado (QV/OMS - Simplificado) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que há correlação entre a percepção emocional dos gestores (medida pela variável Bias) e sua Qualidade de Vida (r = 0,60 / p = 0,01).

The Emotional Intelligence construct contributes in scientific studies about interpersonal relationships in organizations, since allows the investigation about human emotions on work field. The present study investigates Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Quality of Life (QL) in a group of Brazilian executives in leadership positions. The sample is composed by 30 subjects. The instruments used are: Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT); WHOQOL- Brief (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - Brief version); and a complementary check-list for control variables. Results indicate a strong correlation between the executives emotional perception (measured by the Bias variable) and their Quality of Life (r = 0,60 / p = 0,01).

Ganhos e perdas: atitudes dos executivos brasileiros e neozelandeses frente à aposentadoria / Ganancias y pérdidas: actitud de los ejecutivos brasileros y neo-xelandeses acerca de la jubilación / Gains and losses: attitudes of Brazilian and New Zealand executives towards retirement

As últimas projeções demográficas e econômicas apontam para um número cada vez maior de aposentados no mundo inteiro. A aposentadoria revelou-se como um dos maiores desafios da atualidade. Entretanto, são raros os estudos sobre as atitudes dos trabalhadores diante desta transição. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as atitudes de 517 executivos de grandes organizações no Brasil e na Nova Zelândia, avaliadas pela importância dada aos ganhos e às perdas esperadas na aposentadoria. Foram construídas as escalas de importância de ganhos (EPGR) e de importância de perdas (EPLR), que representaram, respectivamente, as atitudes positivas e negativas diante da aposentadoria. Em geral, os executivos dos dois países estavam otimistas acerca da aposentadoria e foram unânimes em avaliar o tempo para os relacionamentos (cônjuge, filhos, amigos e pais) como o ganho mais importante, bem como os salários e benefícios do cargo, como a perda mais importante nesta transição.

The last demographic and economical projections have pointed towards an increasing number of retirees all over the world. However, few studies have been conducted to analyze how workers perceive the process of retirement. This research examined 517 top executives from large organizations in Brazil and New Zealand. The result of importance scales of expected gains (EPGR) and losses (EPLR) are provided. In fact, they acknowledged respectively the positive and negative attitudes towards retirement. In general, executives were optimistic towards retirement and unanimous on evaluating more time for relationships (partner, children, friends and parents) as the most important gain. At the same time, they evaluate the loss of income and benefits subscale as the most important loss in retirement.

Las más recientes proyecciones demográficas y económicas indican un número cada vez más grande de jubilados en todo el mundo. La jubilación ha sido uno de los mayores desafíos de la actualidad. Sin embargo, han sido raros los estudios sobre las actitudes de los trabajadores frente a esta transición. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las actitudes de 517 ejecutivos de grandes organizaciones de Brasil y de Nueva Zelandia, evaluadas por la importancia de ganancias y perdidas esperadas hacia la jubilación. Fueron utilizadas escalas de importancia de ganancias (EPGR) y de importancia de perdidas (EPLR) que representaron, respectivamente, las actitudes positivas y negativas frente a la jubilación. En general, los ejecutivos de los dos países se mostraron optimistas respecto a la jubilación y unánimes en su evaluación de más tiempo para relaciones (con esposos(as)/compañeros(as), hijos(as), amigos(as) y familiares) como el logro mas importante, así como los beneficios y compensación de sub escala como la perdida más importante en esta transición.

Work Stress Prevalence among the Management Staff in an International Tobacco Company in Malaysia

A cross sectional study on work stress prevalence was carried out among 185 executives and managers in the head quarter of an international tobacco company. The aim of the study was to identify work stress prevalence in this company and work stressors that were associated with stress experienced by the workers. A questionnaire based on the Personal Stress Inventory by O'Donell (1984) was used. Data collected from participants included sociodemography factors, symptoms of stress and work stressors related to organizational policy, organizational structure, organizational process, and work environment. The study showed that the prevalence of stress among executives was 68.1% and managers were 67.9%. There was no significant difference in the level of stress between the executives and the managers in the company. The sociodemographic factors that were significantly associated with stress were salary, number of children and personal factors. The significant stressors in the workplace were lack of job recognition, over focusing on quality of work, heavy workload and long working hours.