Varietal Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels on Yield Attributing Characters and Quality Parameters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop

The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research FaTArm, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj) Faizabad (U.P.), during Rabi season of 2014-2015. The yield components like number of spikes m-2, spike length (cm), number of grain spike-1, grain weight spike-1(g), grain yield (kg ha-1), straw yield (q ha-1) and nitrogen contain in grain (%), nitrogen contain in straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain (kg ha-1), nitrogen uptake in straw, protein content in grain (%) were maximum under 160 kg N ha-1 and among the varieties over PBW-373, NW-1014 being at par with HD-2327. The main aim of trial conducted that to know the different varietal parameters of wheat crop.

Genetic Variability and Association Studies in Germplasm Accessions and Land Races of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is described as the ‘King of Cereals’ is a leading cereal crop which plays a crucial role in feeding the hungry world and improving global food security. Understanding the contribution of yield components to the variation of grain yield is essential for designing breeding programs and increasing grain production. A diversity panel of 200 genotypes including 145 accessions and 55 landraces of wheat were evaluated in Augmented Design for genetic variability and correlation between grain yield and yield related components. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits except chlorophyll fluorescence. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded for effective number of tillers metre-1 followed by biological yield row-1, flag leaf length, grain yield row-1. Heritability coupled with genetic advance percent of mean was high for effective number of tillers metre-1, followed by biological yield row-1, flag leaf length, grain yield row-1. Association studies revealed a highly significant and positive association of grain yield row-1 with biological yield row-1 (0.805), 1000-grain weight (0.476), effective number of tillers metre-1 (0.328), flag leaf width (0.137) and harvest index (0.133) whereas, it showed a significant negative association with days to maturity (-0.304) and days to 50% heading, (-0.291). The study revealed that days to maturity, days to heading, 1000-grain weight and effective number of tillers metre-1 could be considered the most appropriate traits for improvement and selection of trait to achieve stable and high yielding early wheat genotypes.

Study of quality testing method for seeds of Silybum marianum / 中草药

Objective: To study the quality testing method for the seeds of Silybum marianum, so as to provide the basis for the development of testing procedures and quality grading standard for the seeds of S. marianum. Methods: Refering to "The International Seed Testing Rules" and "China Crop Seed Testing Rules" to carry out the quality testing for the seeds of S. marianum. Results: The seed cleanliness was analyzed by winnowing method; The authenticity was identified by morphological appearance compared with 1000 grain weight by 1000 grain weight determination method; The germination conditions for seed germination were washed with running tap water before 2 h, the double filter paper was used as germination bed, and the seeds were incubated at 20 ℃, 8000 lx light, counting time for 4-14 d; The viability was determined by electrical conductivity method. Conclusion: The method is simple and reliable to the quality testing for the seeds of S. marianum.

Quality evaluation technology and grading standard for seeds of Cynomorium songaricum / 中草药

Objective: To establish the system of the quality evaluation technology for the seeds of Cynomorium songaricum and to draw up the quality grading standard for the seeds of C. songaricum. Methods: A stereomicroscope, electronic balance, and the method of in vitro embryo culture were used to measure the morphology, grain, and embryo rate and viability for the seeds of C. songaricum. The method of mathematical statistics were adopted to analyze the main index and reference index of dividing grades of seed; The method of standard deviation was applied in developing the seed quality grading standard. Results: Seeds were 1.03-1.63 mm long and 0.69-1.23 mm wide, kernel was about 0.61-1.05 mm long and 0.50-0.50 mm wide. There was a significant correlation among seed morphological indexes (P 0.05) and there was no correlation among the thousand-grain weight, viability, and embryo rate (P > 0.05), while there was a significant correlation between the viability and embryo rate (P < 0.01); the viability was the main index in the quality grading for the seeds of C. songaricum; while the clarity, grain, and water were the reference indicators of quality grading of the seeds. Conclusion: The seed quality of each grade should reach the following requirements. For the first grade seeds: seed viability is not less than 98%, purity is not less than 93%, housand-grain weight is not less than 0.8 g, water content is not higher than 8.0%; for the second grade seeds, the seed viability is not less than 95%-98%, the purity is not less than 86%, the thousand-grain weight is not less than 0.7 g, water content is not higher than 8.0%; for the third grade seeds, seed viability is not less than 90%-95%, purity is not less than 80%, thousand-grain weight is not less than 0.5 g, water content is not higher than 8.0%; seeds that do not reach the standard of the third level are unqualified ones.

Correlação entre teores de nitrogênio e de clorofila na folha com o rendimento de grãos de aveia branca / Correlation among nitrogen and chlorophyll contents of leaves and grain yield of oat

Um experimento foi conduzido na Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF) com o objetivo de avaliar as correlações entre teores de N e de clorofila em folhas de aveia branca e entre estes e o rendimento de grãos (RG), massa de mil grãos (MMG), período de enchimento (PEG) e taxa de enchimento de grãos (TEG). O ensaio foi conduzido no ano agrícola de 2003, utilizando-se 21 cultivares de aveia branca desenvolvidas pela FAMV/UPF, distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, em quatro repetições. Estimou-se o teor de clorofila por meio do índice SPAD (clorofilômetro) e determinou-se o seu teor pelo método químico e também os teores de N, nas folhas bandeia e bandeira-1, no estádio de antese. Na maturação (colheita), determinou-se o RG, o MMG, o TEG e o PEG. Verificou-se que não houve correlações significativas entre teores de clorofila com os teores de N, com RG, MMG, TEG e PEG, porém, houve correlações significativas entre teores de N com o RG, MMG e PEG.

An experiment was conducted at the Passo Fundo University, with the aim of evaluate the correlations among nitrogen contents, chlorophyll contents, grain yield (GY), thousand grain weight (TGW), grain filling period (GFP) and grain filling rate (GFR) in oat cultivars. The experiment was conducted during 2003 agriculture year, with oat cultivars developed by Passo Fundo University, with four replications, at random blocks distribution. The chlorophyll contents, estimated by chlorophyll meter (SPAD 502 model) and chemical method, and nitrogen contents were determined at anthesis stage. At maturation stage, the GY, TGW, GFP and GFR variables were determined. It was observed that there were no significant correlations among chlorophyll contents with nitrogen contents, with GY, TGW and GFP, but there were significant correlations among nitrogen contents and GY, TGW and GFP.