Stereotactic injection of shrna GSK-3β-AAV promotes axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Evidence suggested that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is involved in Nogo-66 inhibiting axonal regeneration in vitro, but its effect in vivo was poorly understood. We showed that stereotactic injection of shRNA GSK-3β-adeno associated virus (GSK-3β-AAV) diminished syringomyelia and promoted axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI), using stereotactic injection of shRNA GSK-3β-AAV (tested with Western blotting and RT-PCR) into the sensorimotor cortex of rats with SCI and by the detection of biotin dextran amine (BDA)-labeled axonal regeneration. We also determined the right position to inject into the sensorimotor cortex. Our findings consolidate the hypothesis that downregulation of GSK-3β promotes axonal regeneration after SCI.

Analysis of clinical and electrophysiological features in patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy diagnosed by gene analysis / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To study the clinical and electrophysiological features of the patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy ( HNPP) diagnosed by gene analysis.Methods Seven patients from two HNPP families were assessed on medical history, physical examination, electrophysiology findings and gene analysis.Results A clinical manifestation of acute, painless, recurrent peripheral nerve palsies was typical for HNPP.Median, ulnar and peroneal nerves were usually affected.Electrophysiology study revealed that prolonged distal motor latency and slowing nerve conduction velocity were prominent.Gene studies exhibited a deletion of the peripheral myelination protein 22 gene in all the seven patients.Conclusions HNPP usually affects areas where nerves are subject to entrapment, and many episodes are preceded by minor compression on the affected nerve.As a reliable screening tool in detecting HNPP, the electrophysiological study shows that segmental demyelination is most commonly seen at common nerve entrapment sites.

Relationship study of the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A in rats with cerebral hemorrhage / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A in the ipsilateral hippocampus after cerebral hemorrhage in rats.Methods A total of 64 adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was randomly divided into control and model groups.Collagenase Ⅶ was used to induce cerebral hemorrhage model.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A in hippocampus at the cerebral hemorrhage side at the time points (24 h,7 d,14 d,and 21 d).Results Compared to the control group,the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A were significantly enhanced in model group (P ＜0.01),with the highest level at the 7 d.Conclutions Cerebral hemorrhage can significantly enhance expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A with a positive correlation of Slit2 and Nogo-A,which might have an important effect on the recovery of brain injury.

Study on Nogo-B participating in transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway in mice models of hepatic fibrosis / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To study the relationship between Nogo-B and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2 signaling pathway in mice models of hepatic fibrosis.Methods Twenty four healthy male ICR mice were divided into two groups,with 6 in the control group and 18 in the model group.Mice in the model group were further divided into three subgroups according to different time points:subgroups of 4,8 and 12 weeks,with 6 mice in each subgroup.Hepatic fibrosis of mice was induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).The histopathologic changes of the liver were observed by optical microscope using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome stainings of the liver tissues.Expressions of Nogo-B,Smad2 and TGF-β1 mRNA and proteins in liver were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays,respectively.Means among groups were compared by univariate analysis of variance.Results The hepatic fibrosis models were successfully induced by CCl4 injection.The expressions of two subtypes of Nogo-B,Nogo-B1 and Nogo-B2 mRNA in normal livers were 0.140±0.050 and 0.104±0.023,but both significantly increased in the livers of mice in the 12 week model subgroup (1.054±0.040 and 0.500±0.057,F=431.41 and 135.46,respectively; both P＜0.01).The Nogo-B protein was mainly expressed in nonparenchymal cells of the liver,and was hardly expressed in hepatocytes.Linear correlation analysis showed that the expressions of Nogo-B mRNA and proteins were positively correlated with Smad2 and TGF-β1 mRNA and proteins (all P＜0.01),which were considered to participate in the signaling pathway of hepatic fibrosis.Conclusion Nogo-B might play a role in the development and progression of hepatic fibrosis by participating in TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.

Protective Effects of Panax Notoginseng on Retinal Ganglion Cells in Diabetic Rats / 天津医药

Objective To explore protective effects and potential underlying mechanisms of panax notoginseng (PTS) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in diabetic rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group and treatment group. The diabetic model rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats were giv-en PTS 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 in treatment group. One month later, the coexistence of nogo receptor and Brn3a (special marker of RGC) was observed by immunofluorescence staining double-labeled method. The expression of Nogo receptor was detected by Western blot assay. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in retina was measured with detection kit. HE-staining was in-troduced to reveal the number of retinal RGC. Results A large number of Brn3a and Nogo receptors were co-existed in the retina. The Nogo receptor was exclusively expressed in RGC, which was up regulated in diabetic group compared with that of control group. The level of retinal MDA was increased and the number of RGC decreased in diabetic group than that of con-trol group (P＜0.001). Compared with diabetic group, there were decreased retina Nogo receptor, decreased level of MDA and increased number of RGC in treatment group (P＜0.001). Conclusion PTS attenuates diabetes-induced loss of RGC, which may ascribe for down-regulation of retina Nogo receptor and decreased oxidative stress.

Clinical variability of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A patients with PMP22 duplication mutation / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of PMP22 duplication mutation and the clinical variability of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) patients. Methods PMP22 duplication mutation analysis were performed in 45 cases diagnosed probably CMT by combination of improved allele-specific PCR-restriction enzyme digestion and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis based on laser-induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. The clinical features of the positive cases were precisely analyzed. Results With the combined use of two methods, PMP22 duplication was detected in 21 cases, i.e. 10 CMT1 cases with typical presentations including weakness and atrophy in the distal limbs, and 11 atypical cases with special phenotypes including 1 case with mild dizziness, 1 case with hearing loss, 2 cases with recurrent limbs weakness, 2 cases with postural tremor in the upper limbs, 4 cases with cerebellar ataxia and 1 case with epilepsy. Conclusions The improved allele-specific PCR-restriction enzyme digestion provides the accurate, reliable and feasible method to detect PMP22 duplication, which is the most common cause of CMT. Comprehensive analysis of clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features of the CMT1A patients with positive PMP22 duplication indicate the high clinical variability of this disease.