An online automatic sorting system for defective Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra using deep learning / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a deep-learning architecture based on faster region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN) algorithm for detection and sorting of red ginseng (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra) with internal defects automatically on an online X-ray machine vision system.@*METHODS@#A Faster R-CNN based classifier was trained with around 20 000 samples with mean average precision value (mAP) of 0.95. A traditional image processing method based on feedforward neural network (FNN) obtained a bad performance with the accuracy, recall and specificity of 69.0%, 68.0%, and 70.0%, respectively. Therefore, the Faster R-CNN model was saved to evaluate the model performance on the defective red ginseng online sorting system.@*RESULTS@#An independent set of 2 000 red ginsengs were used to validate the performance of the Faster R-CNN based online sorting system in three parallel tests, achieving accuracy of 95.8%, 95.2% and 96.2%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The overall results indicated that the proposed Faster R-CNN based classification model has great potential for non-destructive detection of red ginseng with internal defects.

A study on the rapidly non-destructive detection method of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid using near infrared spectroscopy / 药学学报

Based on near infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography, this paper established the regression relationship between near infrared spectroscopy and index component content of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid, so as to realize the rapid detection of index component content based on near infrared spectroscopy. Magnolol, honokiol and hesperidin were used as the quality indexes of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid. After using the first derivative and normalization pretreatment method, characteristic variables were screened by CARS, and the correction model was finally established by partial least-squares regression (PLSR) method. The method accuracy was evaluated with the external validation, and the prediction results were tested for significance. The results indicated that when the near infrared spectrum was scanned through the bottle, the model's correlation coefficients of prediction (Rp) were higher than 0.99, the root mean square errors of the prediction models (RMSEP) were all less than 0.008 4, and the relative standard errors of prediction set (RSEP) were all less than 2.83%. There was no significant difference in the predicted results between these two kinds of model. The models established in the non-destructive way have good performance and high prediction accuracy. The rapid and nondestructive way has application value in the quality control of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid.

Estimation of leaf area of Erythroxylum citrifolium from linear leaf dimensions / Estimativa da área foliar de Erythroxylum citrifolium a partir de dimensões lineares da folha

Erythroxylum citrifolium is a neotropical plant species recorded in all regions of Brazil. Determining leaf area is of fundamental importance to studies related to plant propagation and growth. The objective was to obtain an equation to estimate the leaf area of E. citrifolium from linear dimensions of the leaf blade (length and width). A total of 200 leaf blades were collected in Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro in the municipality of Areia, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The models evaluated were: linear, linear without intercept, quadratic, cubic, power and exponential. The best model was determined by the criteria of: high coefficient of determination (R²), low root mean square error (RMSE), low Akaike information criterion (AIC), high Willmott concordance index (d) and a BIAS index close to zero. All of the models constructed satisfactorily estimated the leaf area of E. citrifolium, with coefficients of determination above 0.9050, but the power model using the product between length and width (L*W) y = 0.5966 * LW1.0181 was the best, with the highest values of R² and d, low values of RMSE and AIC, and a BIAS index closest to zero.

Erythroxylum citrifolium é uma espécie de planta neotropical com registros em todas as regiões do Brasil. A determinação da área foliar é de fundamental importância em estudos relacionados a propagação e crescimento vegetal. O objetivo foi obter uma equação que permita estimar a área foliar de E. citrifolium a partir de dimensões lineares do limbo foliar (comprimento e largura). Foram coletados 200 limbos foliares no Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro, Areia, Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os modelos empregados foram: linear, linear sem intercepto, quadrático, cúbico, potencial e exponencial. Os critérios utilizados para escolher o melhor modelo, teve como base o maior coeficiente de determinação (R²), menor raiz do quadrado médio do erro (RMSE), menor critério de informação de Akaike (AIC), maior índice de concordância de Willmott (d) e índice BIAS mais próximo de zero. Todos os modelos construídos podem estimar satisfatoriamente a área foliar de E. citrifolium, com coeficientes determinação acima de 0,9050, porém o modelo potencial utilizando o produto entre comprimento e largura (L*W) y = 0,5966 * LW1,0181 é o mais indicado, com os maiores valores de R² e d, menores valores de RMSE e AIC, e índice BIAS mais próximo de zero.

Removal of entrapped rings from swollen fingers by a nondestructive technique

Background: Ring entrapment is uncommon in our environment. It is necessary to remove entrapped rings and the removal techniques could be either destructive or non-destructive. The aim of this study is to present a non-destructive method of entrapped ring removal.Methods:   A prospective study of patients who presented to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt between 1st October 2007 and 30th September 2018, with entrapped finger ring(s). The authors developed a non-destructive technique of entrapped ring removal utilizing 1.5-2.5 mm electric cables. The cables are passed under the ring and looped over it. The surgeon and his first assistant applies traction towards the distal aspect of the finger through the cables while moving the cables from side to side around the finger, with the second assistant maintaining a counter-traction.  Data obtained was analyzed using IBM’s Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results:  During the period, there were 25 patients who had entrapped ring(s) in their fingers. Mean age was 22.92±9.33 years. There were 10 males and 15 females. Mean duration of ring entrapment was 5.72±4.57 days. Mean duration of ring removal was 63.6±46.58 seconds. Abrasion was the most common complication following initial removal attempts as well as this technique. The entrapped rings were all successfully removed.Conclusion: The electric cable technique is a simple, inexpensive and readily available method of entrapped ring removal.

Leaf area estimation for Psychotria carthagenensis and Psychotria hoffmannseggiana as a function of linear leaf dimensions

Determining leaf area is important for studies involving plant growth and development. The aim of the present study was to obtain models for estimating leaf area of Psychotria carthagenensis and Psychotria hoffmannseggiana using linear measurements of leaf blades (length and width). Two hundred leaf blades of each species were collected in Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The equations evaluated for producing potential models included the following: linear, quadratic, potential and exponential. The criteria used to determine the best model(s) were as follows: high coefficient of determination (R²), low root-mean-square error (RMSE), low Akaike information criterion (AIC), high Willmott concordance index (d) and a BIAS ratio close to zero. All evaluated models satisfactorily estimated leaf area for the two species, but the equation ŷ = 0.6373 * LW0.9804 was the most appropriate for P. carthagenensis, while ŷ = 0.6235 * LW0.9712 was the most appropriate for P. hoffmannseggiana.

Leaf area estimation of squash 'Brasileirinha' by leaf dimensions / Estimação da área foliar de abobrinha 'Brasileirinha' por dimensões foliares

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this work were estimate the leaf area of squash 'Brasileirinha' by linear dimensions of the leaves and check models available in the literature. An experiment was conducted in the 2015/16 sowing season. Were collected 500 leaves and in each one, were measured the length (L), width (W) and length×width product (LW) and determined the real leaf area (LA). Then, 400 leaves were separated to generate models of the leaf area (LA) as a function of linear dimension (L, W or LW) of squash. The remaining 100 leaves were used for the validation of models. A second experiment was conducted in the 2016/17 sowing season. Were collected 250 leaves, used only for the validation of the models of the first experiment. There is collinearity between L and W and, therefore, models using the LW product are not recommended. The model LA=0.5482W2 + 0.0680W (R²=0.9867) is adequate for leaf area estimation of squash 'Brasileirinha'.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar a área foliar de abobrinha 'Brasileirinha' por dimensões lineares das folhas e testar modelos disponíveis na literatura. Foi conduzido um experimento na safra 2015/16 sendo coletas 500 folhas. Em cada folha foram mensurados comprimento (L), largura (W), calculado produto comprimento×largura (LW) e determinada a área foliar real (LA). Depois, 400 folhas foram separadas para a geração de modelos da área foliar real (LA) em função da dimensão linear (L, W ou LW) de abobrinha. As demais 100 folhas foram utilizadas na validação dos modelos. Um segundo experimento foi conduzido na safra 2016/17, no qual foram coletadas 250 folhas utilizadas na validação dos modelos gerados no primeiro experimento. Existe colinearidade entre L e W e, por isso, os modelos que utilizam o produto LW não são recomendados. O modelo LA=0,5482W2+0,0680W (R²=0,9867) é adequado para a estimação de área foliar de abobrinha 'Brasileirinha'.

Nondestructive Analysis of Litchi Fruit Quality Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy

A non-destructive optical method based on near-infrared spectroscopy has been used for the evaluation of litchi fruit quality. Diffuse reflectance measurements (12500–3600 cm-1), physical, and biochemical measurements were performed individually on 100 litchi fruits of cv.Shahi cultivar harvested at different ripening stages. Relationships between spectral wavelengths and quality attributes were evaluated by application of chemometric techniques based on partial least squares (PLS) regression. The fruit set was divided into two groups: 60 fruits for calibration and 39 for validation. Good prediction performance was obtained for pH, soluble solids, and titratable acidity with correlation coefficients of 0.96, 0.91 and 0.94 respectively and root mean square errors of prediction of 0.009, 0.291ºBrix and 0.011% malic acid respectively. For the other quality traits such as vitamin C and color the prediction models were not satisfactorily accurate due to the higherror of calibration and prediction.

Acute radiation syndrome in a non-destructive testing worker: a case report

BACKGROUND: In Korea, there were repeated radiation exposure accidents among non-destructive testing workers. Most of the cases involved local injury, such as radiation burns or hematopoietic cancer. Herein, we report a case of acute radiation syndrome caused by short periods of high exposure to ionizing radiation. CASE PRESENTATION: In January 2017, Korea Information System on Occupational Exposure (KISOE) found that a 31-year-old man who had worked in a non-destructive testing company had been overexposed to radiation. The patient complained of symptoms of anorexia, general weakness, prostration, and mild dizziness for several days. He was anemic. The venous injection areas had bruises and bleeding tendency. Blood and bone marrow testing showed pancytopenia and the patient was diagnosed with acute radiation syndrome (white blood cells: 1400/cubic mm, hemoglobin: 7.1 g/dL, platelets: 14000/cubic mm). He was immediately prohibited from working and blood transfusion was commenced. The patient’s radiation exposure dose was over 1.4 Gy (95% confidence limits: 1.1–1.6) in lymphocyte depletion kinetics. It was revealed that the patient had been performing non-destructive tests without radiation shielding when working in high places of the large pipe surface. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure prevention is clearly possible in radiation-exposed workers. Strict legal amendments to safety procedures are essential to prevent repeated radiation exposure accidents.

Leaf area estimation from linear measurements in different ages of Crotalaria juncea plants

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to estimate the leaf area of Crotalaria juncea according to the linear dimensions of leaves from different ages. Two experiments were conducted with C. juncea cultivar IAC-KR1, in the 2014/2015 sowing seasons. At 59, 82, 102, 129 days after sowing (DAS) of the first and 61, 80, 92, 104 DAS of the second experiment, 500 leaves were collected, totaling 4,000 leaves. In each leaf, the linear dimensions were measured (length, width, length/width ratio and length × width product) and the specific leaf area was determined through Digimizer and Sigma Scan Pro software, after scanning images. Then, 3,200 leaves were randomly separated to generate mathematical models of leaf area (Y) in function of linear dimension (x), and 800 leaves for the models validation. In C. juncea, the leaf areas determined by Digimizer and Sigma Scan Pro software are identical. The estimation models of leaf area as a function of length × width product showed superior adjustments to those obtained based on the evaluation of only one linear dimension. The linear model Ŷ=0.7390x (R2=0.9849) of the real leaf area (Y) as a function of length × width product (x) is adequate to estimate the C. juncea leaf area.

Methods for estimating the volume of the tympanic bulla in the big hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) / Métodos para la estimación del volumen de bula timpánica en el quirquincho grande Chaetophractus villosus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Dasypodidae)

Two methods of measurement of bullar dimensions (callipers and scaling from digital images) and subsequent application of four volume formulae (rectangular prism, cylinder, ellipse and elliptical cone) were tested to find the most appropriate non-destructive method for estimating the bullar volume in Chaetophractus villosus. Material for the study consisted in clean adult skull (n=22). Real volume was obtained from latex casts of the tympanic bulla. Each estimation was corrected by a factor based on the differences between the estimated and the real volumes. Highest accuracy (5-7 % of underestimation) and precision (coefficient of variation: 13.27 %) were obtained from callipers and application of rectangular prism, cylinder and ellipse formulae. The corresponding correction factors were 0.31, 0.39 and 0.58, respectively.

Se evaluaron dos métodos para la obtención de medidas de la bula (calibre y escalado a partir de imágenes digitales), con posterior aplicación de cuatro fórmulas de volumen (prisma rectangular, cilindro, elipse y cono elíptico), a fin de hallar el método no destructivo más adecuado para el cálculo de volumen de bula en Chaetophractus villosus. El material de estudio consistió en cráneos limpios de individuos adultos (n=22). El volumen real fue obtenido a partir de moldes de látex de la bula timpánica. Cada estimación fue corregida mediante un factor basado en las diferencias entre los volúmenes reales y estimados. La mayor precisión (coeficiente de variación: 13,27 %) y exactitud (subestimaciones del 5-7 %) fueron obtenidas a partir de mediciones con calibre y aplicación de fórmulas de prisma rectangular, cilindro y elipse (factores de corrección: 0,31, 0,39 y 0,58, respectivamente).

Application of impedance spectroscopy for the characterization of hams during post-salting / Aplicación de la espectroscopia de impedancia para la caracterización de jamones durante el post-salado

Background: The smart control for food and feed technologies consist in the development of new methods that facilitate the control of productive processes guaranteeing the quality and safety of agrofood products. The importance given to this research line is a clear indicator of the interest of all of the agents implicated in promoting the introduction of innovative technologies. The goal is to implement new, fast, economical, analytical techniques, which constitute a real alternative to traditional control procedures. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of an electronic sensor based on the impedance spectroscopy technique for the characterization of hams during the post-salting step (8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks). Materials and methods: 60 hams from three different categories (fat, semi-fat and lean), were tray salted under the conditions of a company (xNaCl = 0.11 g/g dry matter). For each time, samples were first evaluated with the electronic method (non-destructive analysis) and then analytical determinations of: mass variation, moisture content, fat content, salt content and water activity were performed on each ham in different zones. The electric data were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and regression with Partial Least Squares (PLS) through the analytical data. Results: The PCA analysis discriminated between the different evaluated zones. At eighth week 79.06% of the variance was explained and at tenth week, the 82.53%. No relation was observed for the different ham categories. The correlation between the impedance signal and the analytical determinations showed the best cross validation coefficient (R2CV) values for moisture content (0.75) and water activity (0.73). Conclusions: The impedance spectroscopy technique generated different signals between the zones of analysis during the first two post-salting times, eight and ten weeks, in which physicochemical differences were also observed as a consequence of the variation in the salt concentration between zones.

Antecedentes: El control inteligente de los alimentos y las tecnologías alimentarias, consiste en el desarrollo de nuevos métodos que facilitan el control de los procesos productivos y garantizan la calidad y seguridad de los productos agroalimentarios. La relevancia concedida a esta línea de investigación es un claro indicador del interés de todos los agentes implicados en impulsar la introducción de tecnologías innovadoras. La meta es implementar nuevas técnicas analíticas rápidas y económicas, que constituyan una alternativa real a los procedimientos tradicionales de control. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de un sensor electrónico basado en la técnica de la espectroscopia de impedancia para la caracterización de jamones durante el post-salado (8, 10, 12 y 14 semanas). Materiales y métodos: 60 jamones de tres categorías diferentes (grasa, semigrasa y magra) fueron salados en bandeja bajo las condiciones de una empresa (xNaCl = 0.11 g/g base seca). A cada tiempo establecido, las muestras seleccionadas se evaluaron utilizando el método electrónico (análisis no destructivo) y se realizaron determinaciones analíticas de: variación de masa, contenido de humedad, contenido de grasa, contenido de sal y actividad de agua, en diferentes zonas de la muestra. La información electrónica se analizó mediante análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y correlaciones (PLS) entre la señal de impedancia y las determinaciones analíticas. Resultados: El análisis de PCA discriminó entre las diferentes zonas de análisis evaluadas. A la octava semana se explicó un 79.06% de la varianza de las muestras y a la décima, un 82.53%. No hubo relación entre las diferentes categorías de jamones. La correlación estadística de la señal de impedancia con las determinaciones analíticas mostró los mejores valores de coeficiente de validación cruzada (R2CV) para el contenido de humedad (0.75) y la actividad de agua (0.73). Conclusiones: La técnica de espectroscopia de impedancia generó señales diferentes entre las zonas de análisis durante los dos primeros tiempos de post-salado, ocho y diez semanas, en los que también se observaron diferencias fisicoquímicas como consecuencia de la variación en la concentración salina entre zonas.

A case of azoospermia in a non-destructive testing worker exposed to radiation

BACKGROUND: Interest in radiation-related health problems has been growing with the increase in the number of workers in radiation-related jobs. Although an occupational level of radiation exposure would not likely cause azoospermia, several studies have reported the relation between radiation exposure and azoospermia after accidental or therapeutic radiation exposure. We describe a case of azoospermia in a non-destructive testing (NDT) worker exposed to radiation and discuss the problems of the related monitoring system. CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-year-old man who was childless after 8 years of marriage was diagnosed with azoospermia through medical evaluations, including testicular biopsy. He did not have any abnormal findings on biochemical evaluations, other risk factors, or evidence of congenital azoospermia. He had been working in an NDT facility from 2005 to 2013, attaching and arranging gamma-ray films on the structures and inner spaces of ships. The patient's thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) badge recorded an exposure level of 0.01781 Gy for 80 months, whereas results of his florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay showed an exposure level of up to 1.926 Gy of cumulative radiation, which was sufficient to cause azoospermia. Thus, we concluded that his azoospermia was caused by occupational radiation exposure. CONCLUSION: The difference between the exposure dose records measured through TLD badge and the actual exposure dose implies that the monitor used by the NDT worker did not work properly, and such a difference could threaten the health and safety of workers. Thus, to protect the safety and health of NDT workers, education of workers and strengthening of law enforcement are required to ensure that regulations are strictly followed, and if necessary, random sampling of NDT workers using a cytogenetic dosimeter, such as FISH, should be considered.

Bioimpedance as a tool for evaluating the body composition of suruvi (Steindachneridion scriptum)

Abstract Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.

Resumo A análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a composição corporal de diferentes animais de uma maneira rápida, não-destrutiva e de baixo custo. A espécie Sul-americana Steindachneridion scriptum, popularmente conhecida como suruvi, foi selecionada para este estudo. Foi utilizado um protocolo para produzir peixes com distintas composições corporais, permitindo a validação da BIA para análise adequada da composição corporal do suruvi. Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia com duas dietas diferentes: uma de baixo teor lipídico (8,90%) e outra de alto teor lipídico (18,68%). Essa diferença nas dietas possibilitou a produção de indivíduos com diferentes composições corporais. As leituras da BIA foram determinadas utilizando-se o equipamento Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Duas leituras (dorsal e ventral) foram obtidas para cada peixe. Após as leituras, para cada peixe individualmente, a composição proximal dos peixes foi determinada. Todos os dados obtidos foram utilizados para estabelecer as equações de correlação entre as análises proximais e os valores da BIA. Fortes correlações foram encontradas para S. scriptum. As maiores correlações foram obtidas para as análises dorsais a seguir: umidade e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); proteína e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); cinzas e reactância em paralelo (R2 = 0,82). Pode-se concluir que o método BIA é eficiente em determinar a composição corporal do suruvi S. scriptum sem sacrificar o animal. No entanto, para expandir o uso desta nova tecnologia é necessário definir protocolos rigorosos para garantir estimativas precisas.

Bioimpedance as a tool for evaluating the body composition of suruvi (Steindachneridion scriptum) / Bioimpedância como ferramenta de análise da composição corporal do suruvi (Steindachneridion scriptum)

Abstract Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.

Resumo A análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a composição corporal de diferentes animais de uma maneira rápida, não-destrutiva e de baixo custo. A espécie Sul-americana Steindachneridion scriptum, popularmente conhecida como suruvi, foi selecionada para este estudo. Foi utilizado um protocolo para produzir peixes com distintas composições corporais, permitindo a validação da BIA para análise adequada da composição corporal do suruvi. Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia com duas dietas diferentes: uma de baixo teor lipídico (8,90%) e outra de alto teor lipídico (18,68%). Essa diferença nas dietas possibilitou a produção de indivíduos com diferentes composições corporais. As leituras da BIA foram determinadas utilizando-se o equipamento Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Duas leituras (dorsal e ventral) foram obtidas para cada peixe. Após as leituras, para cada peixe individualmente, a composição proximal dos peixes foi determinada. Todos os dados obtidos foram utilizados para estabelecer as equações de correlação entre as análises proximais e os valores da BIA. Fortes correlações foram encontradas para S. scriptum. As maiores correlações foram obtidas para as análises dorsais a seguir: umidade e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); proteína e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); cinzas e reactância em paralelo (R2 = 0,82). Pode-se concluir que o método BIA é eficiente em determinar a composição corporal do suruvi S. scriptum sem sacrificar o animal. No entanto, para expandir o uso desta nova tecnologia é necessário definir protocolos rigorosos para garantir estimativas precisas.

Estimação da área foliar de feijão guandu por dimensões foliares / Leaf area estimation of pigeonpea by leaf dimensions

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar e identificar os melhores modelos para a estimação da área foliar de feijão guandu, determinada por fotos digitais em função do comprimento, ou da largura e/ou do produto comprimento vezes largura do limbo do folíolo central da folha. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a cultura de feijão guandu. No primeiro experimento, foram realizadas coletas de 200 folhas aos 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 e 114 dias após a emergência (DAE), totalizando 2.200 folhas. No segundo experimento, foi realizada uma coleta de 220 folhas aos 69 DAE. Nessas 2.420 folhas, foram mensurados o comprimento (CFC) e a largura (LFC) e calculado o produto do comprimento vezes a largura (CFC×LFC) do limbo do folíolo central. A seguir, determinou-se a área foliar de cada folha (soma da área foliar dos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito), por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y). Posteriormente, foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 90% das folhas do primeiro experimento (1.980 folhas), para a geração de modelos do tipo quadrático, potência e linear, de Y em função do CFC, da LFC, e/ou do CFC×LFC. Os 10% das folhas restantes do primeiro experimento (220 folhas) e as 220 folhas coletadas no segundo experimento foram usadas, separadamente, para a validação dos modelos. Em feijão guandu, os modelos do tipo quadrático (Ŷ=0,4295+1,5895x+0,0011x2, R2=0,9710), potência (Ŷ=1,6591x0,9983, R2=0,9769) e linear (Ŷ=-1,3555+1,6858x, R2=0,9708), de Y em função do CFC×LFC, são adequados para a estimação da área foliar e o linear, pode, preferencialmente, ser utilizado.

The objective of this research was to model and identify the best models to estimate the leaf area of pigeonpea determined by digital photos with the length or width and/or the product length width of the central leaflet limb of the leaf. Two trials were carried with the culture of pigeonpea. In the first experiment, samples from 200 leaves were taken at 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 and 114 days after emergence (DAE), totaling 2,200 leaves. In the second experiment, a sample from 220 leaves was collected at 69 DAE. In these 2,420 leaves, were measured the length (CFC) and width (LFC) and calculated the product length width (CFC×LFC) of the central leaflet. Then, was determined the leaf area of each leaf (sum the leaf area of the leaflets left, center and right) by the method of digital photos (Y). After, were separated, randomly, 90% of the leaves from the first experiment (1,980 leaves), to build models of quadratic type, potency and linear for Y function of the CFC, LFC and/or CFC×LFC. The remaining 10% of the leaves from the first experiment (220 leaves) and the 220 leaves collected in the second experiment, separately, were used to validate the models. In pigeonpea, the quadratic model (Ŷ=0.4295+1.5895x+0.0011x2, R2=0.9710), the potency model (Ŷ=1.6591x0.9983, R2=0.9769) and the linear model (Ŷ=-1.3555+1.6858x, R2=0.9708), of Y as a function of CFC×LFC are adequate for estimation of the leaf area and linear, may preferably be used.

The application of multiplex fluorimetric sensor for the analysis of flavonoids content in the medicinal herbs family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae

BACKGROUND: The aim of our research work was to quantify total flavonoid contents in the leaves of 13 plant species family Asteraceae, 8 representatives of family Lamiaceae and 9 plant species belonging to familyRosaceae, using the multiplex fluorimetric sensor. Fluorescence was measured using optical fluorescence apparatus Multiplex(R) 3 (Force-A, France) for non-destructive flavonoids estimation. The content of total flavonoids was estimated by FLAV index (expressed in relative units), that is deduced from flavonoids UV absorbing properties. RESULTS: Among observed plant species, the highest amount of total flavonoids has been found in leaves ofHelianthus multiflorus (1.65 RU) and Echinops ritro (1.27 RU), Rudbeckia fulgida (1.13 RU) belonging to the family Asteraceae. Lowest flavonoid content has been observed in the leaves of marigold (Calendula officinalis) (0.14 RU) also belonging to family Asteraceae. The highest content of flavonoids among experimental plants of family Rosaceae has been estimated in the leaves of Rosa canina (1.18 RU) and among plant species of family Lamiaceae in the leaves of Coleus blumei (0.90 RU). CONCLUSIONS: This research work was done as pre-screening of flavonoids content in the leaves of plant species belonging to family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae. Results indicated that statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in flavonoids content were observed not only between families, but also among individual plant species within one family.

Análise comparativa de métodos de determinação de área foliar em genótipos de cacau / Comparative analysis of methods of determining leaf area in cocoa genotypes

O conhecimento da área foliar é uma ferramenta importante na análise do crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal. Desse modo, objetivou-se comparar os métodos, integrador de área foliar, software DDA, software ImageJ e de medição das dimensões foliares, visando definir o fator de correção mais adequado para estimar a área foliar de genótipos cacau. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Estação Experimental Filogônio Peixoto no delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições em arranjo fatorial 4 x 8, sendo 4 métodos de avaliação de área foliar e oito genótipos de cacau (Variedade Comum; TSH 1188; Catongo; CCN 51; ICS 1; ESFIP 02; SJ 02 e PH 16). Os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância e correlação e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey 5%. Não houve diferença entre os métodos de determinação de área foliar, sendo constatada correlação positiva entre os métodos DDA, ImageJ e Dimensões foliares com o método do integrador de área foliar (padrão), com valores dos coeficientes de correlação (r) superiores a 0,98. Os genótipos TSH 1188, Catongo e CCN 51 apresentaram maior área foliar média. Os métodos testados mostraram-se viáveis para estimar área foliar do cacaueiro com precisão, contudo, foram encontrados três grupos de fatores de correção, sendo K = 0,682 para os genótipos SJ 02 e Variedade Comum, K = 0,670 para os genótipos CCN 51, Catongo, TSH 1188 e ICS 01 e K = 0, 655 para os genótipos ESFIP 02 e PH 16.

The knowledge of the leaf area is an important tool in the analysis of plant growth and development. Thus, the objective was to compare the methods, integrating leaf area, software DDA, software ImageJ and measurement of leaf dimensions, aiming to define the most appropriate correction factor to estimate the leaf area of cacao genotypes. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Filogônio Peixoto in a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial arrangement of 4 x 8, being 4 assessment methods of leaf area and eight cacao genotypes (Common Variety; TSH 1188; Catongo; CCN 51; ICS 1; ESFIP 02; SJ 02 e PH 16). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and correlation and means were compared by Tukey test 5%. There was no difference between the methods of determining leaf area, being found positive correlation between the methods DDA, ImageJ and leaf dimensions with the integrative method of leaf area (default), with values of correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0,98. The genotypes TSH 1188, Catongo and CCN 51 have higher average leaf area. The methods tested were shown to be viable to estimate leaf area of cacao accurately, however, we found three groups of correction factors, being K = 0,682 for genotypes SJ 02 and Common Variety, K = 0,670 for genotypes CCN 51, Catongo, TSH 1188 and ICS 01 and K = 0, 655 for genotypes ESFIP 02 and PH 16.

Estimativa da área foliar de Crambe abyssinica por discos foliares e por fotos digitais / Estimate leaf area of Crambe abyssinica for leaf discs and digital photos

A área foliar é importante na determinação do crescimento e desenvolvimento das culturas agrícolas. Assim, os objetivos do trabalho foram comparar os métodos de discos foliares e de fotos digitais na estimativa da área foliar de Crambe abyssinica e modelar a área foliar em função do comprimento (C), da largura (L) e ou do produto comprimento vezes largura (CxL) de diferentes tamanhos de folhas. Para isso, em 308 folhas, foram determinados a área foliar, o comprimento, a largura e o produto comprimento vezes largura por meio dos métodos de discos foliares e de fotos digitais. Em seguida, foram comparados os métodos por meio do coeficiente de correlação linear entre a área foliar. A seguir, em cada método, modelou-se a área foliar (Y) em função do C, da L e do CxL, por meio dos modelos: linear, linear simples, quadrático, geométrico e exponencial. Os coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson e de Spearman entre a área foliar dos métodos de discos foliares e de fotos digitais foram de 0,9917 e 0,9889, respectivamente, o que revela métodos concordantes. Em ambos os métodos, os modelos quadráticos e geométricos apresentaram os melhores coeficientes de determinação da área foliar em função do comprimento e da largura das folhas. A largura da folha é a variável que melhor estima a área foliar. O método de fotos digitais pode ser utilizado para estimar a área foliar de crambe.

Leaf area is important in determining the growth and development of agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to compare the methods of leaf discs and digital photos in estimating leaf area of Crambe abyssinica, and model leaf area according to length (C), width (L) and/ or the product of length width (CxL) for different sizes of leaves. For this, in 308 leaves it was determined the leaf area, length, width and the product of length width using the methods of leaf discs and digital photos. Then the methods were compared using the linear correlation coefficient between the leaf areas. Then, for each method, leaf area (Y) depending on the C, of L and the CxL, was modeled through these models: linear, simple linear, quadratic, geometric and exponential. The Pearson and Spearman linear correlation coefficient between the methods of leaf area and leaf discs of digital photos were 0.9917 and 0.9889, respectively, which shows concordant methods. In both methods, the geometric and quadratic models showed good coefficients of determination of leaf area depending on the length and width of leaves. The leaf width is the variable that best estimates the leaf area. The method of digital photos can be used to estimate Crambe's leaf area.

Research on intelligent non-destructive diagnostic instrument for coronary artery disease(CAD) / 医疗卫生装备

Based on the domestic and international research in the past few decades,we present an intelligent non-destructive diagnostic instrument for coronary artery disease(CAD).This instrument analyses the multi-channel heart sounds of patients who have coronary artery disease and combines other information about CAD,then wavelet analysis,artificial neural network and pattern recognition technology are also used.The result of clinic application indicates that this instrument has certain reference value to the diagnosis of CAD and provides potential possibility of general examination.