Forensic Pathological Diagnosis of Acute and Old Myocardial Infarction Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze myocardial infarction tissues at different stages of pathological change to achieve the forensic pathology diagnosis of acute and old myocardial infarction.@*METHODS@#FTIR spectra data of early ischemic myocardium, necrotic myocardium, and myocardial fibrous tissue in the left ventricular anterior wall of the sudden death group of atherosclerotic heart disease and the myocardium of the normal control group were collected using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining as a reference, and the data were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The mean normalized spectra of control myocardium, early ischemic myocardium and necrotic myocardium were relatively similar, but the mean second derivative spectra were significantly different. The peak intensity of secondary structure of proteins in early ischemic myocardium was significantly higher than in other types of myocardium, and the peak intensity of the α-helix in necrotic myocardium was the lowest. The peaks of amide Ⅰ and amide Ⅱ in the mean normalized spectra of myocardial fibrous tissue significantly shifted towards higher wave numbers, the peak intensities of amide Ⅱ and amide Ⅲ were higher than those of other types of myocardium, and the peak intensities at 1 338, 1 284, 1 238 and 1 204 cm-1 in the mean second derivative spectra were significantly enhanced. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that FTIR could distinguish different types of myocardium.@*CONCLUSIONS@#FTIR technique has the potential to diagnose acute and old myocardial infarction, and provides a new basis for the analysis of the causes of sudden cardiac death.

Metabonomics Analysis of Brain Stem Tissue in Rats with Primary Brain Stem Injury Caused Death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary brain stem injury (PBSI) by using metabonomics method to observe the changes of metabolites in rats with PBSI caused death.@*METHODS@#PBSI, non-brain stem brain injury and decapitation rat models were established, and metabolic maps of brain stem were obtained by LC-MS metabonomics method and annotated to the HMDB database. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest methods were used to screen potential biomarkers associated with PBSI diagnosis.@*RESULTS@#Eighty-six potential metabolic markers associated with PBSI were screened by PLS-DA. They were modeled and predicted by random forest algorithm with an accuracy rate of 83.3%. The 818 metabolic markers annotated to HMDB database were used for random forest modeling and prediction, and the accuracy rate was 88.9%. According to the importance in the identification of cause of death, the most important metabolic markers that were significantly up-regulated in PBSI group were HMDB0038126 (genipinic acid, GA), HMDB0013272 (N-lauroylglycine), HMDB0005199 [(R)-salsolinol] and HMDB0013645 (N,N-dimethylsphingosine).@*CONCLUSIONS@#GA, N-lauroylglycine, (R)-salsolinol and N,N-dimethylsphingosine are expected to be important metabolite indicators in the diagnosis of PBSI caused death, thus providing clues for forensic medicine practice.

Hplc fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of valeriana jatamansi / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Valeriana jatamansi and provide a reference for its effective quality control. METHODS: The HPLC-DAD analysis was performed on Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with acetonitrile (A)-0.1% formic acid (B) solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution, the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm (0-33 min) and 256 nm (33-90 min), the flow rate was 1.0 mL•min-1, and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The fingerprints of 25 batches of Valeriana jatamansi samples were analyzed by similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). RESULTS: The fingerprints of 25 batches of Valeriana jatamansi samples were established. There were 36 common peaks in the fingerprints and nine common peaks were identified by reference substances. The fingerprints similarity of 18 batches of samples was over 0.9, and the samples were classified into two groups. Six components were the main markers that cause differences in different batches of samples, including valepotriate, acevaltrate, isochlorogenic acid A, and some others. CONCLUSION: HPLC fingerprint combined with recognition of chemical pattern can reflect the intrinsic quality of Valeriana jatamansi, which may provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of Valeriana jatamansi.

Metabolic Profile of Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Based on Metabonomics / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To analyze the metabolic profile of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy by metabolomics, and its abnormal metabolic pathway. Methods The serum of 10 children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (patient group) and 7 healthy children (control group) aged 6 to 12 years were collected at clinic from May to August, 2014. The serum samples were tested by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and the spectroscopies were discriminated by partial least squares-discriminant analysis. According to the human metabolome database, the final metabolites disturbed would be figured out. Results 15 chemical shifts were defined, and 6 of them, including 2.04 ppm, 2.12 ppm, 3.00 ppm, 3.24 ppm, 3.76 ppm, 6.50 ppm, were significantly different between 2 groups (P<0.05). The KEGG Pathway Database showed that the levels of taurine, fumarate, oxaloacete, pyruvate, citrate, aspartate, succinate, malate, cysteine decreased, and the levels of glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, glutamine, leucine, alanine increased. The abnormal metabolism was found in taurine metabolism, glutamine me-tabolism and energy metabolism pathways. Conclusion Based on metabolomics, the metabolic profile of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy was discriminated out successfully. The further research can focus on the small molecules found out.

Evaluation on hepatoprotection in Nrf2/ARE oxidation/chemical stress defense pathway caused by isoliquiritigenin based on analysis of bile acids / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hepatoprotection in Nrf2/ARE oxidation/chemical stress defense pathwaycaused by isoliquiritigenin (Iso) based on analysis of bile acids using profile of bile acids. METHODS: High performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to determine the contents of all kinds of endogenous bile acids including free bile acids, taurine conjugates and glycine conjugates. By the luciferase reporter gene assay for screening Nrf2-ARE signal targeting molecular experiments in liquorice extract, isoliquiritigenin was capable of markedly activating Nrf2-driven gene expression, therefore it was used to evaluate hepatoprotection in Nrf2/ARE oxidation/chemical stress defense pathway. RESULTS: Based on the analysis using principle components analysis (PCA), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), Nrf2+/+, Nrf2-/- and Iso Nrf2+/+ groups could be distinguished from their Iso Nrf2-/- group, which suggested that the variance of the contents of bile acids could evaluate hepatoprotection caused by Iso. Bile acids of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid(CA), sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate (TDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), taurocholic acid(TCA) proved to be important corresponds to Iso induced liver protection according to analysis of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among the four groups. It indicated that UDCA, CDCA, CA, TDCA, DCA and TCA could be considered as sensitive biomarkers of Iso induced liver protection. CONCLUSION: This work can provide the base for the further research on the evaluation and mechanism of hepatoprotection caused by liquorice.

Differences of metabolic profiling of Vladimiriae Radix before and after simmer processing by HPLC-UV technology / 中草药

Objective: To compare the metabolic profiling of Vladimiriae Radix (VR) before and after simmer processing and to screen out the characteristic constituents leading to some differences. Methods: The chromatogram data sets of the processed and unprocessed VR were obtained by HPLC-UV analysis; The metabolic profiling differences of VR before and after processing were compared by principal component analysis, partial least square-discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis, then the characteristic constituents were screened out. Results: The metabolic profilings between processed and unprocessed VR were apparently different, and the data showed seven constituents among them mainly made the quality difference, including costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone. Conclusion: The processed and unprocessed VR have the significant differences on the metabolic profiling.