New understandings of the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is still one of the common blinding eye diseases in China.Because of the irreversibility of the vision loss it caused, the factors affecting the early development of glaucoma are of great concern.The understanding of static anatomic structure of high-risk anterior segment, such as shallow anterior chamber, short axial length, thick iris and large anterior lens cannot fully explain the transformation process of PACG, so the specific role of dynamic changes in the development of glaucoma should be further considered.This article expounded the differences in iris volume and dynamic process of elasticity between normal people and patients with PACG, the incoordination between lens and intraocular structure during eyeball development, the dynamic block and expansion of ciliary body, vitreous and choroid, and the latest research on the relationship between the abnormal ocular nerve and vascular system adjustment and change with the onset of PACG, in order to provide guidance for understanding the pathogenesis of PACG, accurate clinical diagnosis and formulation of treatment strategies.

Thoughts of syndrome differentiation and treatment of precancerous lesions of chronic atrophic gastritis based on the theory on hidden pathogen / 国际中医中药杂志

Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) is a pathological change accompanied by intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia on the basis of chronic atrophic gastritis. It is also an important stage of "inflammation-cancer transformation" on gastric mucosa. Paying attention to the intervention of PLGC has important value and significance for the secondary prevention of gastric cancer. PLGC has the characteristics of occult onset, toxin damaging collaterals, and long course of disease, which is highly consistent to the pathogenesis characteristics of incubative pathogenic factors. Based on the relevance of incubative pathogenic factors and PLGC, treatment of PLGC from the perspective of incubative pathogenic factors should be mainly strengthening the spleen and stomach, and combined with the methods of regulating qi and dissipating dampness, and removing blood stasis and detoxification. It should also pay attention to the prognosis.Paying attention to the body-mind treatment can reduce the re-occurrence , so as to provide a new way of thinking for treating PLGC from incubative pathogenic factors.

Research Advance in Mechanism of Cisplatin Toxic Injury and Its Prevention and Treatment by Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cisplatin， as one of the commonly used broad-spectrum anti-tumor drugs in clinical practice， is used to treat testicular cancer， ovarian cancer， head and neck cancer， bladder cancer， lung cancer， cervical cancer and other solid cancers. It has obvious curative effect but strong toxic and side effect， and is easy to cause great damage to the body. The toxic reaction may involve serious toxic damages to different organs， and induce nephrotoxicity， hepatotoxicity， ototoxicity， cardiotoxicity， neurotoxicity and other toxicity. Animal experiments have shown that the toxic damage induced by cisplatin is the result of many factors in a time-and dose-dependent manner. In the course of clinical use， the therapeutic dose of cisplatin is also greatly limited due to toxic damage， which seriously affects the quality of life in patients. Therefore， it is the main research direction to find a suitable treatment plan or to use drugs in combination with cisplatin to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency. With the increasing clinical participation of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， TCM has shown its unique advantages in treating diseases， and can effectively reduce the cisplatin chemotherapy-induced toxic reaction by improving the oxidative stress state of the body， inhibiting normal apoptosis and inflammatory injury， activating autophagy， regulating the abnormal expression of drug transporters， etc. In this paper， the mechanism of cisplatin-induced toxic damage to various organs and the mechanism of TCM in prevention and treatment of cisplatin-induced toxic damage were summarized in detail， including the dose and mechanism of cisplatin-induced toxic damage to different organs， the effective treatment dose， combined medication mode and prevention and treatment mechanism of combined application of TCM and cisplatin， in order to provide a basis for rational application and clinical medication of TCM combined with chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin.

Research progress in genetic susceptibility genes and related pathogenic factors and treatment of neoplastic calcinosis / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Tumor calcinosis(TC) has different clinical and biochemical patterns. The existence of chronic injury as well as calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder has been gradually proved to be the important link in the occurrence of TC. In this paper, the related basic diseases with the pathophysiological mechanism of calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder were reviewed, and the pathophysiological mechanism of phosphate metabolism disorder in various diseases was summarized.In addition, the phosphate homeostasis genes including GALNT-3, FGF-23 and α-KLOTHO were described. The relevant research results have showed that mutations in any of these three genes will lead to defects in the synthesis or action of FGF-23, which will increase the reabsorption of phosphate by renal tubules, resulting in hyperphosphatemia and severe ectopic calcification of soft tissue.At present, surgical resection is still the main treatment of TC. New technologies such as cinalcet peritoneal dialysis, ultrasound-guided aspiration of TC lesions and local injection of sodium thiosulfate (STS), as well as the successful application of lanthanum carbonate and other drugs, provide alternatives to TC treatment.In this paper, the research literatures on TC at home and abroad in recent years were introduced and the genetic susceptibility genes, related pathogenic factors and the latest treatment progress of TC were reviewed.

Analysis of pathogenic factors and clinical manifestations of 55 subjects with contact stomatitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the pathogenic factors and clinical manifestations of contact stomatitis, and to provide references for its clinical diagnosis and prevention. @*Methods@#The data of 55 subjects with contact stomatitis were analyzed retrospectively, including age, gender, pathogenic factors, type of lesions and site of occurrence.@*Results@#Among the 55 patients, contact stomatitis occurred at all ages, 19 were male, 36 were female, and the ratio of males to females was 1∶1.89. Among 55 patients, 78.18% (43/55) were caused by oral mucosal contact with dental materials: amalgam fillings accounted for 52.73% (29/55), metal crowns accounted for 9.09% (5/55), removable denture plastic bases accounted for 9.09% (5/55), resin fillings accounted for 5.45% (3/55), and alginate impression materials accounted for 1.82% (1/55); 21.82% (12/55) were caused by oral mucosal contact with food and daily necessities. The clinical manifestations of contact stomatitis include lichenoid reaction, erythema and erosion. The most common site of contact stomatitis was the cheek, followed by the tongue, and the lips, and the gingival and palatal areas were relatively rare. In the buccal mucosa, the incidence of lichenoid reaction was 55% (22/40), which was higher than that of erosion (20%) and erythema (25%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). For tongue, lip, gingiva and palate, there was no significant difference in the incidence of the three lesion types（P > 0.05）.@*Conclusion@#Contact stomatitis occurred at all ages, and there are more female patients than males with contact stomatitis. Dental materials, especially metal and acrylic materials (such as the plastic base of removable dentures, resin fillings, adhesives, and self-setting plastics), are the main pathogenic factors. In buccal mucosa, the incidence of lichenoid reaction is higher.

Theoretic exploration and clinical application of acupoint combination based on theory / 中国针灸

In the guidance of preventive treatment, taking "consolidation and non-obstruction" as the core, emphasizing the importance of the antipathogenic in the treatment, the method of " acupoint combination" was proposed in acupuncture therapy. In the paper, the theoretic basis and the connotation of " acupoint combination", the application of the key acupoint combination and the study on cardiovascular system, digestive system and immune system were introduced and it was anticipated to provide the theoretic evidences for the acupoint selection and enrich the contents of acupoint combination in acupuncture.

An Analysis of Primary Hypertension Epidemiology and Related Pathogenic Factors in Young Students / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To carry out the investigation of common susceptibility factors of primary hypertension in young people,and to find the pathogenic factors of primary hypertension. Methods 354 cases of young patients with essential hypertension were selected from 7360 young students in School of CAPF Frontier Guards Force and compared to 115 young healthy students at the same age. Results The incidence of primary hypertension is increasing year by year. More common risk factors are seen among students with hypertension compared to those of the control group. Conclusion Risk factors of primary hypertension are commonly seen among young students in School of CAPF Frontier Guards Force. It is necessary to prevent the risk factors, apply the targeted intervention and improve the management and issue a plan for prevention and control of high blood pressure.

Analyses of pathogenic factors and clinicopathological characteristics of vocal leukoplakia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the pathogenic factors of vocal leukoplakia and its clinical and pathological features.@*Methods@#Eighty-one patients with vocal cord leukoplakia who underwent surgery between February 2010 and December 2016 and 160 volunteers without pharyngeal symptoms designed as controls were included in this case control study. The clinicopathological characteristics of 81 patients were summarized and analyzed synthetically.@*Results@#There was statistical significance in reflux symptom index(RSI), reflux finding score(RFS), smoking index, and drinking index between case group and control group(Z=-5.35, -4.82, -4.76, -2.44, P<0.05). The voice-using duration per day in case group was significantly longer than that of control group.There was no statistical significance in hospital anxiety and depression scale for anxiety(HADA) scores、hospital anxiety and depression scale for depression(HADD) scores between case group and control group(P>0.05). In 42 patients who received 24-hour dual probe pH monitoring the prevalence of pathologic LPR was 42.8%. In 81 patients, 39(48%)patients were pathologically diagnosed as squamous cell hyperplasia, 18(22%)patients as mild dysplasia, 12(15%)sides as moderate dysplasia , 10(12%)patients as severe dysplasia and 2(2%)patients as carcinoma in-situ. The average age of high-risk pathological vocal leukoplakia was significantly higher than that of low-risk leukoplakia(t=-2.73, P<0.01). The propotion of speckled leukoplakia in high-risk leukoplakia was significantly higher than that of low-risk leukoplakia(χ2=23.81, P<0.01). There was no statistical significance between high-risk leukoplakia and low-risk leukoplakia in the prevalence of pathologic LPR(P>0.05). The bilateral lesions, speckled leukoplakia were more likely to relapse(χ2=4.27, 12.17, P<0.05). The more serious the pathology, the more likely it was to relapse (Z=-2.168, P=0.03). There was no statistical significance between recurrence group and non-recurrence group in the prevalence of pathologic LPR(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#LPR, smoke constitute the risk factors of vocal cord leukoplakia. Drinking, voice abuse are related to vocal cord leukoplakia. Senile, speckled leukoplakia are more likely to be malignancy. A speckled leukoplakia, bilateral leukoplakia, severe pathological degree are important factors to predict recurrence.

From the perspective of embryonic development on genetic pathogenic factors of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a newly discovered rare endocrinological syndrome characterized by structrual defect of pituitary and multiple deficiencies of a series of hypothalamic hormones, and thus leading to a cluster of clinical symptoms. This review will illustrate the genetic pathogenic factors influence on embryonic development, and briefly introduce the current studies of Whole-Exome Sequencing on PSIS.

Pathogenic factors and pathogenesis of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis / 国际儿科学杂志

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(CHPS)is a common congenital gastrointestinal malformation in infants and young children.The incidence of CHPS has been reported to be 1 to 10 per 10000 live births and CHPS is more common in boys with a sex ratio of 5:1 in our country.Hypertrophic pylori muscle leads to gastric outlet obstruction which causes frequent vomiting.Serious vomiting affects children's growth and even threats to life.The specific pathogenic factors and mechanism of CHPS are still unclear,and studies suggest that it is possiblely related to the abnormalities of the pylori muscle development,the neural innervation,the nerve cell development and the gastrointestinal hormone level.Recently,researches suggest that both environmental factors and genetic factors play a certain role in the pathogenesis of CHPS.This article reviews the research progress of pathogenic factors and pathogenesis of CHPS.

Study on Origin and Development of Stroke / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]On the origin and development of stroke research and interpretation. [Methods]Reading from pre-Qin period to the Ming and Qing dynasties in the ancient literature related to stroke the literature, according to the treatment of disease, etiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic principle, prevention and curing of Chinese medical induction, summary, combining the origin of stroke, analysis of pathogenesis and therapeutic principle of stroke, and it is filtered and classified the ancient literature and research, summarizes the extraction.[Methods]Reading and analyzing ancient documents related to the stroke.[Results]The termstrokeand theoretical source inNei Jing, the treatment based on syndrome differentiation is initiated Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.Jin and Yuan dynasties developed stroke theory;modern perfect stroke syndrome differentiation system. Previously, during the Tang and Song dynasties, it is mainly based on the theories of vital Qi deficiency,pathogenic wind into the argument, treatment of strengthening the body and removal of scattered wind. After the Jin Yuan dynasties, they are internal injury based, wind from the endogenous theories. the treatment is mainly focused on internal injuries. [Conclusion]That ancient physicians paid attention to the etiology and treatment of stroke more, keeping in good health and prevention mentioned less, so we should pay attention to the prevention and recovery.

Discussion on Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis from the Theory of Fuxie / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To explore the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of the theory of Fuxie, so as to more comprehensively understand the rheumatoid arthritis, broaden the thinking of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve the clinical efficacy. [Methods] The theory of Fuxie theory was summarized, from the aspects of interpretation, theoretical origin, modern medical knowledge and so on, combined with the regularity of the pathogenesis of the pathogen, the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were discussed. [Results] Fuxie theory is originally derived from Huangdi Neijing, it is considered that Fuxie is divided into exogenous and endogenous Fuxie foxier, etiology of rheumatoid arthritis with hidden pathogenic objective basis, its pathogenesis with hidden pathogenic mechanism, the treatment principle and treatment method by pathogen consistentcy. [Conclusion] Understanding of rheumatoid arthritis, according to the characteristics and development of Fuxie disease transmission rules, can better grasp the nature of the disease, diagnosis and treatment of Fuxie theory of rheumatoid arthritis has important clinical significance, rheumatoid arthritis from Fuxie theory provides new ideas and methods for clinical treatment.

Research progress on prevention and treatment of glucolipid metabolic disease with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settings. However, increasing of the disease incidence, lacking of comprehensive prevention and control measurements against the key pathology point concomitant occurrence with the pattern of the single disease, single target therapy, that is leading therapeutic strategy for these metabolic disorders in the setting of Western medicine (WM). On the basis of the combination of the advantages of integrated Chinese medicine (CM) and WM, with unified understanding of such diseases, the new concept of glucolipid metabolic disease (GLMD) is introduced. In this new concept, disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are recognized as the key trigger and major driving force for the progress of GLMD. The key points of pathology included dysfunction of neuronal-endocrine-immune system, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. In the core pathogenic perspective of CM, it can be explained as "Gan (Liver) Shi Shu Xie" (dysfunction of Gan in metabolism and emotion regulation) that will lead to the occurence/production of endogenous dampness and phlegm, blood stasis and turbid. This leads to the new concept of "Liver-based regulatory system for metabolic homeostasis" to be introduced further. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy "Tiao Gan Qi Shu Hua Zhuo" (modulating Gan, trigging key metabolic system to resolve pathogenic factors such as phlegm retention and dampness). Its representative formula Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule () is innovated under such rationales. Comment for some commonly-used CM GLMD therapeutic drugs was presented. High-level evidence-based and epidemiological and mechanism studies should be carried out to further interpret and explain of the scientific connotation of GLMD.

Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children from Wind-warmth Lodging in Lungs / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children.Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children.It accounts for 10-40％ of CAP in hospitalized children.This article discussed the correlation between MPP and windwarmth diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the similar epidemiological features and clinical manifestations such as long disease term and disease process.The treatment method of clearing lung heat and removing pathogenic factors received good curative effect in the clinical practice.

Research progress of pathogenic factors in children with hearing impairment / 国际儿科学杂志

Hearing impairment is one of the most common disabilities in children,which seriously af-fects the quality of lives as well as physical and mental development of children.Hearing impairment is high risk and harmful,which brings heavy burden to the families and society.We could take preventive measures to reduce the incidence of this disease after exploring the pathogenic factors of hearing impairment.Viral infection and nic-otine may directly or indirectly damage the vestibulocochlear organ and cause gene mutation.Noise and inflam-mation may cause direct mechanical damage and induce auditory cell apoptosis,while ototoxicity drugs may me-diate a temporary weakening or delayed auditory impairment by inner ear hair cell apoptosis,neural degeneration and repair dysfunction.There are lots of ways to cause hearing loss and the pathogenic factors of hearing loss are complex and varied.This paper reviews the aspects of fetal,neonatal,genetic,drug and other factors associated with hearing impairment.

Expound the Human Papilloma Virus Infection from the Theory of Fuxie / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] Through the system arrangement of Fuxie theory on academic context and diagnosis and treatment,preliminarily discuss the relationship between the human papilloma virus infection and Fuxie,in order to more thoroughly understand the HPV infection,broaden the clinical diagnosis and treatment,improve the clinical curative effect.[Method] To analyze,arrange,summarize and conclude Fuxie theory from the concept,causes, pathways and treatment,that of famous ancient physicians. [Result] Fuxie theory originates from internal classic,then develop up to now.Although controversy persists in the process of development,Fuxie theory still has its important practical significance.Dictionary of Chinese Traditional Medicine defines Fuxie as disease hidden in the body without immediate onset.Not merely six exogenous factors and internal injuries,complex pathogens all can lead to evil lurking.For its pathological basis,outbound pathways should be based on syndrome,and identified according to the etiology.Strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors is the generally treatment of Fuxie, and treatment should be dialectical according to its pathogenesis. [Conclusion] By carding Fuxie theory and analyzing the relationship between HPV infection and Fuxie,fully confirm that“the human papilloma virus infection is Fuxie”. Fuxie perspective provides the basis for HPV infection treatment,and a new way of thinking for clinical prevention and control of HPV infection.

Analysis on Treating Ankylosing Spondylitis’Therapeutic Experience By Song Xinwei / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To analyze Song Xinwei’s academic ideas and clinical experience in treating ankylosing spondylitis. [Method] By following professor Song Xinwei’s clinic and recording related medical cases. It analyzes and summarizes his academic ideas and clinical experience on treating ankylosing spondylitis from etiology, pathogenesis, therapy and prescription, tested with medical cases. [Result] Professor Song Xinwei believes that the important pathogenesis of the disease is caused by underlying pathogenic factors and phlegm obstruction and blood stasis.Therefore, don’t forget to expel pathogenic factors during treatment. Consisting invigorating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and activating collaterals from the beginning to the end. Also, tonifying can disperse excess. Mostly, treatment rules are based on these therories. Professor Song Xinwei is good at using different principles and complex formula which makes significant effect in the clinic. [Conclusion] Professor Song Xinwei’s idea and clinical experience in treating ankylosing spondylitis provide a new treatment idea which makes significant clinical effect and is worthy promotion.

A Research Progress on Cognitive Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Diabetic cognitive dysfunction,a glucose metabolic disorder,is caused by metabolic,neurochemistrical,morphological,electrical physiological and behavioral changes featuring the disability of reasoning and learning,memory loss,inattention and hypophrenia.In recent years,more attention has been attached to the field of medicine.In this review,a progress of cognitive disorder was systematically explored over the pathogenesis and treatment of both TCM and western medicine,and investigated multi-targets and multiple methods of Chinese herbal researches at multiple stages for expanding the range of clinical application of TCM,enriching and developing the theory of TCM compatibility,and promoting the advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation.

Porphyromonas gingivalis y enfermedades sistémicas / Porphyromonas gingivalis and systemic diseases

Resumen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) es un cocobacilo Gram negativo que habita el surco gingival. Sus factores patogénicos estructurales como las fimbrias facilitan su adhesión al tejido, mientras que factores de secreción como proteasas y hialuronidasas hidrolizan componentes del tejido periodontal, causando daño tisular y pérdida de soporte dentario. Algunos componentes estructurales de Porphyromonas como los lipopolisacáridos se han asociado a enfermedades sistémicas. En esta revisión se presenta una descripción de los factores patogénicos de Porphyromonas gingivalis y su relación con enfermedad pulmonar, ateroesclerosis y parto pretérmino, haciendo énfasis en los mecanismos moleculares de dicha asociación.

Abstract Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) is a gram-negative coccobacillus that resides in the gingival sulcus. Some of its structural pathogenic factors like fimbriae allow its adhesion to the tissues of the gingival sulcus, where P.g. secretes proteases and hyaluronidases that hydrolyze components of the periodontal tissues, leading to tissue damage and loss of teeth support. Some bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides have been associated with systemic diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking the pathogenic factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis to diseases such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary disease and preterm birth.

Archiater Zhang Nianzhi's Experience in Treating Primary Bronchial Lung Cancer with Method of Supporting Essence to Remove Pathogeny / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To sum up archiater Zhang Nianzhi's experience in treating lung cancer by supporting essence to remove pahtogeny. [Method] By analysing the causa morbi and mechanism of primary bronchial lung cancer, it expounds Zhang Nianzhi's treating primary bronchial lung cancer by insist-ing on the general rule of strengthening body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors, applying revised self-made Feiji-1 to the disease, exampled with cases. [Result] Mr Zhang's method centers on nourishing Yin and clearing Qi and removing sputum and stasis, smartly applying Feiji-1 decoction on the disease, with good result. [Conclusion] Mr. Zhang's thought of strengthening body resistance to remove pathogeny, smartly applying self-made Feiji-1 decoction has effective result on clinic.