Practice and reflection of glioma subspecialist training in Neurosurgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The standardized training system for physicians has been implemented for many years in China. Based on the current situation of neurosurgery specialist training and the sub-professional development, the study discusses the specific plan and direction of glioma sub-professional physicians training from the aspects of glioma sub-professional physicians training outline, training content, requirements of glioma sub-professional training base, training assessment methods and training management. It provided reference for the training of neurosurgical glioma professionals in China, so as to make glioma receive comprehensive and standardized treatment.

The application of virtual digestive endoscopy simulation system in gastroscopy skills teaching in infectious diseases specialized hospital / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Endoscopic teaching has always been a difficult point in clinical medical skill teaching.A standardized teaching plan was set up for the beginners to learn gastroscopy skills,which took 16 weeks.This training program included teaching the basic structure of a gastroscopy,the theory of operation skills,cleaning and disinfection of gastroscopy,and the operation of the virtual digestion endoscopy simulation training system.Only by passing the examinations of what mentioned above,could a beginner do gastroscopy of clinical subjects and write reports.According to a questionnaire survey of 15 trainees,100％ of trainees believed that virtual digestive endoscopy was necessary for the teaching of endoscopic skills.It was believed that the teaching plan were very strict and strict with 63.3％ and 33.3％ respectively.Therefore,this teaching plan with higher recognition and acceptance is suitable for the clinicians specializing in liver diseases and infectious diseases in infectious diseases specialist hospitals,who want to learn gastroscopy skills.

Discussion on the feasibility of clinical pathology physician training for undergraduates majoring in forensic science / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Pathology diagnosis plays an important role in clinical medical activities but we have to face the plight of the scarcity of the pathological physicians in China.The curriculum structure in forensic science for undergraduates is almost equivalent to clinical medicine for undergraduates.However,the study of forensic pathology course makes the undergraduates' starting point of pathology of forensic science higher than that of clinical medical undergraduates.From the training experience of forensic pathologists and clinical pathologists' mutual exchange and cooperation in developed countries,we proposed that forensic undergraduates participate in the physician qualification examination as similar professional qualification and participate in the hospital standardized training of pathological physicians residents and apply for graduate professional degree education of clinical pathology to alleviate the shortage of clinical pathologists.

The design and implementation of phased model in the training of child-EEG physicians / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important instrument for the evaluation of brain function, and an irreplaceable diagnostic technique for nervous system diseases. At present, China still lacks professional child-EEG talents. Therefore, it is a task of great priority to establish an effective and practical training method and foster more child-EEG physicians. As most trainees have not learned EEG before and only have limited time for learning, we divide the child-EEG training into three phases, includ-ing theory learning, practice training, and EEG reading and interpretation on the basis of the general rules in learning EEG. In the theory learning phase, basic EEG knowledge is taught comprehensively to form a solid foundation for future study. In practice training phase, the trainees acquire important skills of EEG by carrying out complete EEG monitoring, eliminating EEG artifacts, observing seizures, and read real-time EEG. In the phase of EEG reading and interpretation, the trainees learn to analyze EEG gradually by read-ing and report EEG under the guidance of the senior physician. Strict examination is arranged for each phase to evaluate study results objectively. The phased model is designed to implement a step-by-step training of child-EEG and foster the trainee's independent ability to carry out EEG inspection.

Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Physician Training System:Comparation of Harvard University and Capital Medical University / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the difference of the spinal cord injury rehabilitation physician training systems between Harvard Uni-versity and Capital Medical University. Methods The spinal cord injury rehabilitation physician training systems of Capital Medical Univer-sity and Harvard University were investigated, including the degree training time, residence training time, training fee and institution. Re-sults Degree education time was more in the basic science in Harvard University than in Capital Medical University. The residence training time was 7 years and 5 years for Harvard University and Capital Medical University, respectively, and the ratio of specialties and sub-spe-cialties was not significantly different. There was a total of 26 spinal cord injury community rehabilitation clinics in Harvard University sys-tem, and none in Capital Medical University. Conclusion Some light can be drawn from the spinal cord injury rehabilitation physician train-ing system of Harvard University, to improve the scholastic building of Capital Medical University.

Cultivation of laboratory physicians in China：current situation and reform measures / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Cultivation of laboratory physicians in accordance with the needs of discipline should be a priority of education on laboratory medicine in China. Unfortunately, the professional career of Chinese laboratory physicians is presently entrapped in a dilemma owing to unfavorable settings, in-cluding the late start of laboratory physician training in this country, unmatched installation between higher school faculty and curriculum, faulty programs of in-hospital training, disparity in management policies, low social esteem, uncertainty in personal intention of employment, and poor knowledge of position awareness. This paper puts forward a lot of measures such as the development trend of the university curriculum, which is in compliance with the subdivision and refinement of clinical medicine, the establishment of a medical degree for a professional laboratory physician, constantly improving the standardization of laboratory physician residency training and continuing education system for the in-spection of doctors , setting up physicians inspection posts and giving a clear mandate to examine physicians inside the hospital, while outside of the hospital continually improving awareness and accep-tance of the laboratory physicians, giving more educational resources to laboratory physicians, so as to improve the overall level of the laboratory medicine.

Comparison and inspiration of neuro-ophthalmological specialist training between America and China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Neuro-ophthalmology,as an interdisciplinary,covers ophthalmology,neurology and neurosurgery.In China,the development of neuro-ophthalmology has just started,therefore how to train neuro-ophthalmological specialists in China is a problen.This paper analyzed the medical education and current situation of neuro-ophthalmology of China and America,discussed the differences between them,and then put forward some problems existing in the neurological ophthalmology physician training and solutions,aiming at improving the specialist physician train program of Neuro-ophthalmology by learing from foreign medical education development experience,and promoting the development of neuro-ophthalmology in China.

United States medical students' knowledge of Alzheimer disease / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: A knowledge gap exists between general physicians and specialists in diagnosing and managing Alzheimer disease (AD). This gap is concerning due to the estimated rise in prevalence of AD and cost to the health care system. Medical school is a viable avenue to decrease the gap, educating future physicians before they specialize. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge level of students in their first and final years of medical school. METHODS: Fourteen participating United States medical schools used e-mail student rosters to distribute an online survey of a quantitative cross-sectional assessment of knowledge about AD; 343 students participated. Knowledge was measured using the 12-item University of Alabama at Birmingham AD Knowledge Test for Health Professionals. General linear models were used to examine the effect of demographic variables and previous experience with AD on knowledge scores. RESULTS: Only 2.5% of first year and 68.0% of final year students correctly scored ten or more items on the knowledge scale. Personal experience with AD predicted higher knowledge scores in final year students (P=0.027). CONCLUSION: Knowledge deficiencies were common in final year medical students. Future studies to identify and evaluate the efficacy of AD education programs in medical schools are warranted. Identifying and disseminating effective programs may help close the knowledge gap.

Teaching practice of standardized airway management training for residents in the department of anesthesiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The training of airway management plays a vital role in standardized residency training plan during the rotation in the department of anesthesiology.Problem based-learning and airway simulation practice should be applied step by step based on the different requirements of standardized residency training plan.The training should be started from mask ventilation to endotracheal intubation,meanwhile clinical thinking ability and teamwork ability should be cultivated for the residents so that they can master the technique of airway management skillfully whenever and wherever.

Nivel de conocimientos de la dimensión ambiental en la carrera de Medicina / Knowledges level of environmental dimension in the Medicine career

La educación ambiental tiene particular importancia en el caso de la formación de médicos dadas las estrechas relaciones entre el deterioro del medio ambiente y las afectaciones de la salud, además por el papel educativo que deben ejercer estos profesionales en la comunidad. El presente trabajo evalúa el grado de conocimientos sobre la Dimensión Ambiental que poseen estudiantes de Medicina, profesores y médicos de familia. Para ello se procedió a aplicar a estos sujetos una encuesta que exploró la información relativa a conceptos, factores y problemas vinculados con el medio ambiente. Pudo evidenciarse un dominio parcial de la problemática ambiental lo que justificaría introducir, con un enfoque sistémico y multidisciplinario la dimensión ambiental en los planes de estudio de estos profesionales a fin de garantizar su adecuada formación en tan importante tema

The environmental education has a peculiar significance in the case of physicians training due to the close relationships between the environment deterioration and the health affections, as well as by the educational role exerted by these health professionals in the community. Present paper to assess the knowledge degree on Environmental Dimension of Medicine students, professor and family physicians. Thus, we applied in these subjects a survey exploring the information related to concepts, factors and problems linked with the environment. It was obvious a partial domain of environmental problem justifying the introduction, with a systemic and multidisciplinary approach, the environmental dimension in study plans for these professionals to guarantee its appropriate training in so important topic