Efficacy of salvianolic acid for injection in treatment of acute cerebral infarction and effects on inflammatory factors / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective To investigate the efficacy of salvianolic acid for injection in patients with acute cerebral infarction and its influence on inflammatory factors. Methods Two hundred patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were divided using a random table into control group(n=100) and study group(n=100). The control group was treated with edaravone through injection,while the study group received injection of salvianolic acid in addition to the treatment to the control group. After 14 days of treatment,the two groups were compared for the overall response rate [an effective response was defined as a ≥18% decline in the score of China Stroke Scale(CSS),a neurological function deficit scale]. The Barthel Index(BI) score,CSS score,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) before and after 14 days of treatment were determined. Results The study group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group(P<0.05). After 14 days of treatment,both groups showed a significantly increased BI score and a significantly decreased CSS score(all P<0.05);the study group had a significantly higher BI score and a significantly lower CSS score compared with the control group(both P<0.05). After 14 days of treatment,serum levels of TG,TC,CRP,IL-6,and ESR were significantly decreased in both groups(all P<0.05);these serum indicators were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(all P<0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were found in either group. Conclusion Salvianolic acid for injection has significant therapeutic effects in patients with acute cerebral infarction,which can reduce inflammatory reactions with good drug safety.

Microbial synthesis of plant polyphenols / 生物工程学报

Plant polyphenols are phenylpropanoid derivatives including phenolic acids, stilbenes, curcumins and flavonoids. These compounds display a variety of biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, vasorelaxation, anti-coagulation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-virus, conferring a huge application potential in the sectors of drugs, foods, cosmetics, and chemicals. Microorganisms have become important hosts for heterologous synthesis of natural products due to the advantages of fast growth, easiness of culture and industrial operation. In recent years, the development of synthetic biology has boosted the microbial synthesis of plant natural products, achieving substantial progress. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of plant polyphenols in engineered Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other microorganisms equipped with the designed biosynthetic pathways of polyphenols. We also discuss the optimization strategies such as precursor engineering, dynamic regulation, and co-cultivation to improve the production of polyphenols and propose future prospects for polyphenol pathway engineering.

Potential of polyphenols in curbing quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Gram-negative pathogens

Polyphenols are the secondary metabolic products of plants and are considered as active constituents to possess therapeutic effects. To date, a vast number of scientific literature addressed the potential of polyphenols as bio-efficient compounds owing to their structural diversity. Due to the presence of several hydroxyl groups, they are metabolized quickly due to conjugation reaction and thus, readily produce toxic metabolites as a defense material against many pathogens, reflecting their safety strategy. This review focuses on the anti-quorum sensing and biofilm inhibition activity of polyphenols, which display their potential to treat bacterial infections by combating the virulence caused by pathogenic agents. Thus, for mitigating quorum sensing-controlled pathogenesis, the use of polyphenol-based phytochemicals holds immense potential to cure infections. The application of polyphenol as sensitizing agent/ adjuvant therapeutics which act in synergism with antibiotics is highly remarkable.

The effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid injection on promoting angiogenesis and improving cerebral perfusion in patients with large area cerebral infarction / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective By observing the changes of angiogenesis related factors and cerebral perfusion before and after treatment in patients with large area cerebral infarction，the formation of collateral circulation of Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid injection and its effect on the improvement of nerve function were discussed.Methods Forty-four patients with large area cerebral infarction were selected，and all subjects were randomly divided into the salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid treatment group and the conventional treatment group （control group） according to the ratio of 1：1，with sample content of 22 patients in each group. Both groups were treated with cerebral infarction dehydration，cranial pressure reduction and brain protection，and the salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid treatment group was treated with Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid injection on the basis of the above medication. The course of treatment in both groups was 14 days. The changes of VEGF，bFGF，Ang and quasi-continuous arterial spin labeling were observed in the two groups before and 14 days after treatment. Changes in the ratio of cerebral blood flow （CBF） to CBF in the region of interest （ROI） and contralateral image region （CBF lesions/CBFnormal），as well as changes in NIHSS score and mRS score.Results Serum levels of VEGF，bFGF and Ang in the two groups increased after treatment compared with those before treatment，and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）.Fourteen days after treatment，serum levels of VEGF，bFGF and Ang in the salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.After treatment，CBF lesions/CBFnormal in the two groups were increased compared with those before treatment，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Fourteen days after treatment，CBF lesions/CBFnormal in the salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.The NIHSS and mRS scores of the two groups decreased after treatment compared with before treatment，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05），and the salvianolic acid treatment group decreased significantly compared with the control group （P<0.05）.Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid for injection can promote angiogenesis in patients with large area cerebral infarction，and can significantly improve cerebral blood flow in diseased brain tissue，improve cerebral perfusion，and then effectively improve the symptoms of neurological impairment

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Securigera securidaca as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities

In the present work, the phytochemical screening, polyphenolic content, antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Securigera securidacaseeds in methanol were carried out. Phytochemical analysis of seeds showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Total phenolic content was estimated by Folin Ciocalteau method and the result showed the highest phenolic content of 62.28 mg/g. Methanolic extract was screened for antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method and it found to be potent. The MIC of methanol extract identified by broth dilution method showed a MIC value of 0.25 mg/ml for both E. coliand Kl. Oxytoca, and also 0.5 mg/ml for both S. aureusand S. epidermis.The antioxidant effect of the seeds was tested by DPPH scavenging activity as in vitro assay. The extract had potent inhibitory activity (IC50) value of 0.057mg/ml. The finding experimental results showed that methanolic extract of Securigera securidacais important as a source of antibacterial activity and polyphenolic antioxidants.

Polyphenolic extracts of walnut (Juglans regia) green husk containing juglone inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis

BACKGROUND: Juglone is a naphthoquinone currently obtained by chemical synthesis with biological activities including antitumor activity. Additionally, juglone is present in the green husk of walnut, which suggests evaluating the effect of GH extracts on carcinogenic cell lines. RESULTS: Walnut green husk ethanolic extract was obtained as 169.1 mg juglone/100 g Green Husk and antioxidant activity (ORAC) of 44,920 µmol Trolox Equivalent/100 g DW Green Husk. At 1 µM juglone in HL-60 cell culture, green husk extract showed an antiproliferative effect, but pure juglone did not; under these conditions, normal fibroblast cells were not affected. A dose-dependent effect on mitochondrial membrane potential loss was observed. Apoptosis of HL-60 was detected at 10 µM juglone. Despite high ORAC values, neither purified juglone nor the extract showed protective effects on HL-60 cells under oxidative conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Green husk extract generates an antiproliferative effect in HL-60 cells, which is related to an induction of the early stages of apoptosis and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The normal cells were not affected when juglone is present at concentrations of 1 µM, while at higher concentrations, there is loss of viability of both cancerous and healthy cells.

Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology review of 2 Vitex: diversifolia and doniana

Genus Vitex is largely used throughout the world (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa) for various care such as: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hepatocuractive, intestinal troubles. Among the plurality of known Vitex, the most exploited in Burkina Faso are Vitex diversifolia Bak and Vitex doniana Sweet. Then, the aim of this study is to summarize traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of 2 local species of Vitex. The results of this study show that the species of this genus are rich in polyphenolic compounds, minerals and vitamins. These founding can justify the many uses in traditional medicine.

Phenolics Compounds and Biological Activity of Leaves of Anabasis Articulata, ‎an Algerian Medicinal Plant

Anabasis articulata is a Saharan plant used by Algerian traditional medicine practitioners for medicinalpurposes. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of the extract and fractions ofthe leaves of A. articulata. The phenolic compounds were also quantified in this plant. Anabasis articulata wasexamined for antibacterial activities of its methanolic extract using disc diffusion method. The bacteria testedinclude Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14028, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 9027 and Bacillus subtilisspizizenii ATCC 6633. The results showed that methanolic extract exhibits a higher level of phenolic compounds(230.000±0,415) as compared to all other extracts. The FRAP test revealed that the methanolic extract has ahigher reducing power (0.1 mg / ml) compared to other extracts. IC50 (DPPH) was ranged from 3.200±0.088 to4.900 ± 0.130. The compounds quantified by HPLC in the crude extract and fractions were quercetin andascorbic acid. The results obtained indicated that A. articulata exhibits a good potential to prevent diseases andit might also be used as a natural preservative for food or cosmetic products.

Composition differences of polyphenolic compounds in fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. and Lycium barbarum L / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: Both Lycium barbarum L. (LB) and Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LR) belong to the Lycium genus of Solanaceae family but their fruits have significant phenotypic differences in terms of color and shapes. This study is aimed to investigate the inter-species difference of their fruit polyphenol composition. Methods: The polyphenol composition of fresh and dried fruits of two Lycium species were comprehensively analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESIQ- TOF-MS). Results: 35 polyphenolic compounds were detected and quantified in the fresh and dried Lycium fruits including phenolic acids, anthocyanins and phenolamides (i.e., the amide-adducts of polyphenolic acids and polyamines). For both species, the dried fruits had more polyphenolic compounds than their fresh fruits with significant inter-species difference; for both fresh and dried fruits, LR had more polyphenolic compounds than LB. Conclusion: There are significant inter-species differences between these two Lycium in both fresh and dried fruits. These results offer essential information for further understanding of the biological functions of these two Lycium fruits as phytomedicines and functional food.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the Impatiens noli-tangere and Stachys officinalis polyphenolic-rich extracts

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Impatiens noli-tangere L., Balsaminaceae, and of Stachys officinalis L., Lamiaceae, polyphenolic-rich extracts obtained by nanofiltration process. Results showed the great potential and efficiency of the nanofiltration process to concentrate the herbal extract's main polyphenolic compounds (over 91% phenolic acids and flavonoids retention). S. officinalis polyphenolic-rich extracts had high antioxidant activities (IC50 2.5 µg/ml) compared to I. noli-tangere polyphenolic-rich extracts (IC50 19.3 µg/ml) and similar with that of ascorbic acid. Polyphenolic-rich extracts were investigated to determine the pro-inflammatory enzymes lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and their inhibitory activity. Furthermore, high inhibitory activity of the examined extracts was reported for the first time, for both lipoxygenase (IC50 2.46 and 1.22 µg/ml for I. noli-tangere and S. officinalis polyphenolic-rich extracts, respectively), cyclooxygenase-1 (IC50 18.4 and 10.1 µg/ml for I. noli-tangere and S. officinalis polyphenolic-rich extracts, respectively) and cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50 = 1.9 and 1.2 mg/ml for I. noli-tangere and S. officinalis polyphenolic-rich extracts, respectively). Additionally, the in vivo studies showed that S. officinalis polyphenolic-rich extract has a higher anti-inflammatory effect, the hind-paw volume employed for both models determined that I. noli-tangere polyphenolic-rich extract and is also higher than that of diclofenac. It was noticed that their anti-inflammatory effect persists for more than 24 h. The I. noli-tangere and S. officinalis polyphenolic-rich extracts exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and these properties can be at least partly assigned to the presence of ursolic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin and also anthocyanidins (genistin). The obtained results indicate the anti-inflammatory potential of the studied herbal extracts.

The Vasorelaxant Effect Of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. Polyphenol-Rich Extract (Hpe) On Rat’s Isolated Aorta / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. or also known as roselle which is rich in polyphenols, has been demonstrated to cause loweringof blood pressure in animal and clinical settings. However its exact mechanism of action particularly from polyphenoliccompounds is not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of H. sabdariffa polyphenol extract(HPE) towards vascular reactivity and its mechanism of action. The HPE was studied on isolated thoracic aortic ringsfrom normal Sprague-Dawley rats, suspended in a 15-ml organ chambers containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. Thechanges in tension were recorded by isometric transducer connected to data acquisition. HPE relaxed the contractioninduced by phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM) in similar pattern for both endothelium-intact and endothelium denuded aorticrings in dose-dependent manner 0.1 ~ 0.9 mg/ml. The pretreatment with atropine (1 μM), a competitive muscarinicantagonist, and propranolol (1 μM), a non-selective beta- blocker did not alter HPE vasorelaxation response. In addition,HPE did not inhibit the contraction induced by extracellular Ca2+ precontracted by PE (1 μM) or KCl (60 mM), in Ca2+-free solution, suggesting that the relaxation effect of HPE was not via inhibition of calcium channels. In conclusion,HPE demonstrated vasorelaxation effects on rat thoracic aorta although the underlying mechanism is still unknown.The vasorelaxation effect could be via angiotensin type 1 receptor inhibition in the vascular smooth muscle cells or theactivation of hyperpolarizing K+ chan

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican variety) husk

Objective:To reach the recovery and identification of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican variety) husk using ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity.Methods:Rambutan husk extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction, mass/ volume ratio, water/ethanol percentage and extraction time were evaluated. Once the best extraction condition of polyphenolic compounds was defined, a polyphenolic fraction was recovered using Ambetlite XAD-16. The total content of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds was determined by summation of the total hydrolysable polyphenol and total condensed polyphenol contents. Recovered compounds were identified by FTIR (ATR) spectroscopy and HPLC/ESI/MS. The antioxidant activity was carried out by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition in vitro methods.Results:In Mexican variety rambutan husk, the total polyphenolic content was 487.67 mg/g, after ultrasound-assisted extraction. According to the HPLC/ESI/MS analysis 12 antioxidant polyphenolic compounds were identified, mostly ellagitannins such as geraniin, corilagin and ellagic acid. The antioxidant activity determined by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition methods was demonstrated. The main functional groups of the identified compounds were determined by FTIR analysis.Conclusions:It was demonstrated that ultrasound-assisted extraction was effective and allowed the extraction and recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. Furthermore Mexican variety rambutan husk is an important source for recovering polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, these compounds have potential application for the treatment/prevention of various diseases related to cancer and pathogenic microorganisms.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican variety) husk

Objective: To reach the recovery and identification of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican variety) husk using ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity. Methods: Rambutan husk extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction, mass/volume ratio, water/ethanol percentage and extraction time were evaluated. Once the best extraction condition of polyphenolic compounds was defined, a polyphenolic fraction was recovered using Ambetlite XAD-16. The total content of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds was determined by summation of the total hydrolysable polyphenol and total condensed polyphenol contents. Recovered compounds were identified by FTIR (ATR) spectroscopy and HPLC/ESI/MS. The antioxidant activity was carried out by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition in vitro methods. Results: In Mexican variety rambutan husk, the total polyphenolic content was 487.67 mg/g, after ultrasound-assisted extraction. According to the HPLC/ESI/MS analysis 12 antioxidant polyphenolic compounds were identified, mostly ellagitannins such as geraniin, corilagin and ellagic acid. The antioxidant activity determined by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition methods was demonstrated. The main functional groups of the identified compounds were determined by FTIR analysis. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that ultrasound-assisted extraction was effective and allowed the extraction and recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. Furthermore Mexican variety rambutan husk is an important source for recovering polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, these compounds have potential application for the treatment/prevention of various diseases related to cancer and pathogenic microorganisms.

Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from extract of salvia polyphenolic acids / 中草药

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from salvia polyphenolic acids. Methods Various column chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents and their structures were identified by spectral analysis. Results Seven compounds were isolated and obtained from salvia polyphenolic acids, which were identified as (2R)-2-[(3-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)-(2E)-acryloyl) oxy]-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (1), salvianolic acid D (2), protocatechuic aldehyde (3), rosmarinic acid (4), lithospermic acid (5), salvianolic acid B (6), and salvianolic acid Y (7). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound, which is named as salvianolic acid D lactone.

Inhibitory potentials of phenolic-rich extracts from Bridelia ferruginea on two key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and Fe-induced pancreatic oxidative stress / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The current study was designed to evaluate the various antioxidant potentials and inhibitory effects of phenolic-rich leaf extracts of Bridelia ferruginea (BF) on the in vitro activities of some key enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, BF leaf free and bound phenolic-rich extracts were used. We quantified total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluated several antioxidant activities using assays for ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdenum reducing ability), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive species. Also, extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the free phenolic extract of BF were significantly greater than in the bound phenolic extract. Also, all the antioxidant activities considered were significantly greater in the free phenolic extract than in the bound phenolic extract. In the same vein, the free phenolic-rich extract had a significantly higher percentage inhibition against α-glucosidase activity (IC = 28.5 µg/mL) than the bound phenolic extract (IC = 340.0 µg/mL). On the contrary, the free phenolic extract (IC = 210.0 µg/mL) had significantly lower inhibition against α-amylase than the bound phenolic-rich extract (IC = 190.0 µg/mL).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The phenolic-rich extracts of BF leaves showed antioxidant potentials and inhibited two key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in vitro.</p>

Phytochemical characterization of polyphenolic compounds with HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and evaluation of lipid-lowering capacity of aqueous extracts from Saharan plant Anabasis aretioides (Coss & Moq.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Anabasis aretioides (Coss & Moq.), a Saharan plant belonging to Chenopodiaceae family, is widely distributed in semi-desert areas from the Tafilalet region of Morocco. This plant is extensively used by local population against diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous A. aretioides extract on lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and to identify the polyphenolic compounds present. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the aqueous A. aretioides extract was also evaluated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of an aerial part aqueous extract (APAE) of A. aretioides (5 mg/kg of lyophilized A. aretioides APAE) on plasma lipid profile was investigated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats (n = 6) after once daily oral administration for 15 days. The aqueous extract was tested for its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were definitively characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In diabetic rats, oral administration of A. aretioides APAE provoked a significant decrease in both plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels from the first to the second week (P < 0.01). A significant decrease on plasma triglyceride levels was also observed in normal rats (P < 0.01), where the reduction was 53%. In addition, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 polyphenolic compounds. Moreover, according to the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the aqueous extract showed an in vitro antioxidant activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aqueous A. aretioides APAE exhibits lipid-lowering and in vitro antioxidant activities. Many polyphenols were present in this extract and these phytoconstituents may be involved in the pharmacological activity of this plant.</p>

Polyphenolic content, in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical composition of extract from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican rambutan) husk

Objective To determinate the recovery of total polyphenolic compounds content, in vitro antioxidant activity and HPLC/ESI/MS characterization of extract from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican rambutan). Methods The rambutan husk extract was obtained by aqueous extraction and a polyphenolic fraction was recovered using Amberlite XAD-16. The total polyphenolic compounds content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu and butanol-HCI methods. In vitro antioxidant activity was performed using ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods. Results Mexican rambutan husk showed a total polyphenolic content of 582 mg/g and an evident antioxidant activity by ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power analysis. The HPLC/ESI/MS assay allowed the identification of 13 compounds, most of which belong to ellagitannins. Geraniin, corilagin and ellagic acid were present in the sample; the mineral composition was also evaluated. Conclusions Rambutan husk cultivated in Mexico is a promising source for the recovery of added value bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, which have potential applications as bioactive antioxidant agents for the treatment of diseases.

Optimization of ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic content from Peperomia pellucida (L) kunth using response surface methodology

Objective To optimize the ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) of polyphenolic content from Peperomia pellucida (L) Kunth. Methods The IL-MAE factors as experimental design parameters, including microwave power, extraction time, ionic liquid concentration, and liquid–solid ratio had been involved. Response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design were used to obtain predictive model (multivariate quadratic regression equation) and optimization of the extraction process. The response surface was analyzed by using the yields of total polyphenolic content as response value. Results Based on the obtained results the optimum extraction condition, including microwave power of 30% Watts, extraction time of 18.5 min, the ionic liquid concentration of 0.79 mol/L, and the liquid–solid ratio of 10.72 mL/g 1-Buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF

Polyphenolic content, in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical composition of extract from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican rambutan) husk

OBJECTIVE@#To determinate the recovery of total polyphenolic compounds content, in vitro antioxidant activity and HPLC/ESI/MS characterization of extract from Nephelium lappaceum L. (Mexican rambutan).@*METHODS@#The rambutan husk extract was obtained by aqueous extraction and a polyphenolic fraction was recovered using Amberlite XAD-16. The total polyphenolic compounds content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu and butanol-HCI methods. In vitro antioxidant activity was performed using ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods.@*RESULTS@#Mexican rambutan husk showed a total polyphenolic content of 582 mg/g and an evident antioxidant activity by ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power analysis. The HPLC/ESI/MS assay allowed the identification of 13 compounds, most of which belong to ellagitannins. Geraniin, corilagin and ellagic acid were present in the sample; the mineral composition was also evaluated.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Rambutan husk cultivated in Mexico is a promising source for the recovery of added value bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, which have potential applications as bioactive antioxidant agents for the treatment of diseases.

Combinational quality control method of polyphenolic extract in Litchi chinensis based on fingerprint and QAMS / 中草药

Objective: To evaluate the polyphenol extracted from Litchi chinensis and quantify the content of four kinds of polyphenol therein, the combination of fingerprint and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) was used. Methods: A total of 22 batches of extract from Litchi chinensis were assayed by RP-UPLC to establish a common mode of fingerprints. For achieving QAMS, a method was developed by selecting epicatechin as internal reference and the relative correction factor of the three components, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, and epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin (PC-C), to determine their contents. The feasibility and accuracy of QAMS were evaluated by comparing the contents of four polyphenols determined with two different methods, QAMS and external standard method. Results: Nineteen common peaks were identified in the characteristic fingerprint, nine components, including the known principal components, procyanidine B2 (peak 6), epicatechin (peak 8), PC-C (peak 9), procyanidine A2 (peak 15), three trimers of procyanidine type A (peaks 12, 16, and 17), a dimer of procyanidine type A (peak 19) and a dimer of procyanidine type B (peak 14), were verified in 22 batches of Litchi chinensis extract. Good similarities with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9 were found in 22 batches fingerprints. There was no significant difference between calculated value and detected value of the four ingredients in 22 batches, by QAMS and external standard method. Conclusion: The results showed that the combined method of fingerprint and QAMS for quality control is accurate and feasible and provide reference method to evaluate the quality of extracts from Litchi chinensis.