High-grade tumor budding is a risk factor for survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Objective: With the increasing incidence and mortality of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma worldwide, researchers continue to search for novel prognostic factors and treatment methods for preventing early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from becoming advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to determine if tumor budding is an independent risk factor associated with the survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: 268 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were studied, and tumor budding was analyzed for associations with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. Results: Tumor budding was divided into low-grade tumor budding (0-6/0.785mm2) and high-grade tumor budding (≥7/0.785 mm2) based on the results of the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that smaller tumor cell nests, the low levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher pathological T staging were the risk factors for high-grade tumor budding (p < 0.05). In the low-grade tumor budding group, there was no statistic difference in survival between patients without tumor budding and those with 1 -6/0.785 mm2 tumor budding. Multivariate survival analysis showed high-grade tumor budding (p < 0.001) was independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival and overall survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. High-grade tumor budding was also an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.037) and overall survival (p = 0.009) in T1-2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Smaller tumor cell nests, the low levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher pathological T staging were closely associated with high-grade tumor budding in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. High-grade tumor budding may be an adverse risk factor that affects not only the disease-free survival and overall survival of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients but also the survival of T1-2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Level of Evidence: Level 4.

FNDC5 Regulates the Adipogenic Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 Cells by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of Type Ⅲ domain-containing protein5 (FNDC5) on adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of FNDC5 during adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. The lentivirus-coated overexpression and interference vector of FNDC5 were constructed and transfected into C3H10T1/2 cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the key genes of adipogenic differentiation. Oil red O staining was used to detect the formation of lipid droplets; Western blot was used to detect the content of ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylated protein (P-ERK1/2). After 8 days of adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of Fndc5 increased significantly. After overexpression of FNDC5 in C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of key genes for adipogenic differentiation, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-酌 (PPAR酌), CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP茁), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), all decreased significantly. The content of lipid droplets and P-ERK1/2 also decreased significantly. On the contrary, after interference of FNDC5 in C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of key genes for adipogenic differentiation, including PPARγ, C/EBP茁, FABP4 and C/EBPα were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the content of lipid droplets and P-ERK1/2 also increased significantly. This study found that FNDC5 can inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, which can provide reference data for the mechanism of FNDC5 in regulating fat deposition.

Repair of staphylococcus aureus-infected wound with gene-modified C3H10T1/2 cells expressing BPI-BD3 fusion antibiotic peptide / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the antibacterial and tissue reparative effect of BPI-BD3 gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of wound infection. MethodsC3H10T1/2 cells were transfected with recombinant adenovirus vector pAdxsi-BPI-BD3, the expression of BPI-BD3 fusion protein was verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Excision wound with a diameter of 1cm was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus was made on the back of 30 mice. The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 each). Mice in group T were injected with BPI-BD3 gene-modified C3H10T1/2 cells through caudal vein, those in group C were injected with unmodified C3H10T1/2 cells, and in group N were injected with PBS as control. The wound repair result was evaluated by estimation of the percentage of remaining wound area and the amount of wound bacteria under the scar, followed by observation of pathological changes. Inflammatory reactions of the wounds were assessed accordingly. Results The amount of bacteria under the scar was less in group T than in the other two groups (P<0.05). It was also found that the wound healing process was faster in group T than in group C and group N. Pathological observation showed that the inflammatory reaction in group T was also significantly milder than in the other two groups. Conclusion BPI-BD3 gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells may enhance wound repair by controlling infection and promoting tissue regeneration, thus it may be promising in clinical application.

The Effect of Pentoxifylline on Radiobiological Parameters in the Rat Radiation Myelopathy / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: There is great recent interest in the potential value of using pentoxifylline (3,7-dimethyl-1(5-oxyhexyl)- xanthine, PTX) as an inhibitor of radiation-induced late normal tissue damage. The effects of PTX on the radiobiological parameters (alpha/beta ratio, repair half time T1/2) of radiation myelopathy were studied in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats received irradiation to 2 cm of their cervical spines with using a 6MV LINAC (dose rate: 3 Gy/min). Radiation was administered in single, two, four and eight fractions with a fraction interval of 24 h with or without PTX. PTX was added to the rats' distilled drinking water at a concentration of 2 g/L; the water was consumed ad libitum. After tabulation of the ED(50) (the estimated dose needed to produce 50% paralysis in a group of irradiated animals), alpha/beta could be estimated from the ratio of the slope to the intercept of the reciprocal-dose plot. Subsequently, the repair half time T(1/2) was obtained from the data of the experimental group that received a pair of 7 Gy fractions on each day, separated by intervals of 4 and 8 h. RESULTS: The alpha values calculated for RT alone and RT+PTX were almost the same. We noticed that the beta value for the RT+PTX was lower than that for RT alone. So, the alpha/beta ratio for the RT+PTX was higher. The T(1/2) obtained from monoexponential model was 3.27 and 2.58 h for RT alone and RT+PTX, respectively. CONCLUSION: PTX increased the alpha/beta ratio and it decreased the T(1/2) of radiation myelopathy, suggesting that a decreasing fractionation sensitivity occurred. This implies that PTX, which distinctly acts upon the bending region of the high dose, may be expected to protect the spinal cord with a larger fraction size.

A Case of Clear Cell Sarcoma showing t(12;22)(q13;q12) in Chromosomal Study / 대한피부과학회지

Clear cell sarcoma is a melanoma of soft parts and a rare dermal nodule of tissue with unknown origin. It mainly affects young adults with a predominance in women, and the predilection sites are extremities, especially foot and ankle. The cytogenic hallmark of clear cell sarcoma is the presence of the t(12;22)(q13;q12). This translocation has been described in the majority of reported clear cell sarcoma cases, however not in other malignancies. And this method has not been popular in dermatology, so we present a case of clear cell sarcoma which was identified the presence of translocation.

The influence of BMP_9 in myocardiocytes differentiation of stem cell in vitro / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:ToexploreinfluenceofBMP9inmyocardiocytesdifferentiationof stem cell Invitro.Methods:TheC3H10T1/2stem cell were transfected with 2.67 ml/L pAdEasy-BMP9 Ad-GFP plasmid for 1 week and 2 weeks .The specific transcription factors of cardiomyocytes were detected in stem cells during differentiation with plasmid transfection by RT-PCR and the specific proteins in cardiomy-ocytes were detected by laser confocal microsopy after 1 week;the change of cells ultramicro structure were detected by electron micro-scope after 2 weeks.Results:Cells volume are increscent obviously,cells trend become unanimous,the connection between cells are compact,refractivity of cells enhance conspicuously after induction for 1 week.The expression of NKx 2.5,GATA-4,MEF2C could be de-tected in C3H10T1/2 stem cells with pAdEasy-BMP9 Ad-GFP plasmid tranfection.Cx43 and cTnT can be detected with plasmid tranfec-tion.Cardiomyocytes ultramicro structure can be detected after induction for 2 weeks.Conclusion:BMP9 makes a very important influ-ence in C3H10T1/2 stem cells targeted differentiation into cardiomyocytes。

Prognostic Significance of Lymphatic and Perineural Invasions in Patients with Gastric Cancer Who Have No Lymph Node and Serosal Involvement

PURPOSE: The most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer are depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, the prognosis for serosa and lymph node negative gastric cancer is favorable. However, there is no general agreement on the prognostic factors in this subset of patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic significances of venous invasion (VI), lymphatic invasion (LI), and perineural invasion (NI) in T1 and T2 gastric cancer without lymph node involvement. MATENRIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 206 patients with T1 and T2, lymph node negative gastric cancer who underwent a curative resection from 1989 to 1993 at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The Chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates. Significant differences in the survival rates were assessed using the log-rank test, and the Cox regression method was used to evaluate independent prognostic significance. RESULTS: The rate of VI, LI and NI correlated well with the depth of tumor invasion. The rates of VI (+) for T1 vs T2 was 0% vs 5.1%, of LI (+) was 5.6% vs 26.8%, and of NI (+) was 1.6% vs 26.8% in NI (+). There were 13 recurrent cases, 10 cases out of the 13 were T2 gastric cancers, and the recurrence rate was higher in LI (+) andNI (+) cases than in LI (-) and NI (-) cases. The 5-year survival rates were 93.4% in LI (-) cases, 77.4% in LI (+) cases, 92.5% in NI (-) cases, 74% in NI(+) cases, 95.9% in LI (-) NI (-) cases, and 73.9% in LI (+) NI (+) cases. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that simultaneous LI and NI was the only significant factor influencing the prognosis. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that simultaneous lymphatic and perineural invasion may be an independent prognostic factor in patients with T1 and T2 gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis.

A Case of Intramedullary Oligodendroglioma in the Thoracic Spinal Cord: Case Report

Primary oligodendroglioma of the spinal cord is very rare tumor. On searching through the literature from 1931, we could find only about 46 cases, and this tumor is almost absent in Korea on the review of the literature. The authors present a case of 8-year-old female patient with the symptoms of paraparesis, urination difficulty, diffuse back pain and hypesthesia in both lower extremities. Spine MRI revealed the mass at the level of T3-T12, with combined nature of cystic and solid portion. Decompressive laminectomy and partial mass removal was performed, and then adjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy was done. The patient was improved after operation with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so she walks alone and has no voiding difficulty at present(postoperative about 20 months) .

The Pre-operative Assesment for Shunt Surgery in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Normal pressure hydrocephalus(NPH) is defined as a combination of dementia, gait disturbance and/or urinary incontinence, hydrocephalus on C-T scan, with a normal intracranial pressure. The clinical effect of CSF shunting in patients with this syndrome is sometimes striking but generally only 50-60% of the shunted patients benefit from the treatment. So many pre-operative investigations are performed including clinical examination, computed tomography, R-I cistrnography, T1/2 calculated from ventricular volume pressure curve and lumbar drainage. Among the pre-operative investigations, the effect of preoperative lumbar drainage was the most reliable indicator of NPH. The possible mechanisms of improved case are proposed. The differential diagnosis of primary brain atrophy and NPH can be made by the effect of pre-operative lumbar drainage.

A STUDY ON MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF C_3H/10T 1/2 CELLS INDUCED BY CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN (BP) / 解剖学报

C_3H/10T 1/2 cell line was used for the study of malignant transformation induced by chemical carcinogen-Benzopyren (BP). The results showed that the transformed foci developed in 7—9 weeks after being attacked by BP. The transformed cells separated from the foci lost their ability of post-confluence inhibition of division, and could grow into colony in soft agar medium. The transformed cells have produced sarcoma in situ after inoculation into the immunosuppressed animals. The above results suggest that C_3H/10T(1/2) cell line is very useful for the study of malignant transformation of cells in vitro induced by carcinogens.In chromosome analysis, the changes in number and structure of chromosome in the transformed cells were found. The abnormality of chromosome proved the close relationships between the malignant transformation of cells and the DNA damage induced by chemical carcinogens