Research progress on commonly used visual acuity charts for preschool children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Preschool age(3-6 years old)is a critical period for visual development, and it is crucial to detect and treat visual problems in preschool children as early as possible. Visual acuity charts are important tools for screening visual issues in children. In China, the commonly used charts are the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and the pediatric optotype chart, while overseas, the Lea, HOTV, and ETDRS visual acuity charts are frequently employed. Numerous studies have reported the measurability, repeatability, and sensitivity of these three charts in diagnosing visual-related problems in children. However, the application of these three charts is relatively limited in China. This article provides a comprehensive review of the design principles, clinical applications, and characteristics of these three visual acuity charts, so as to better understand their applicability and limitations in preschool children, and provide reference for the selection and improvement of vision examination methods in the future.

Effects of red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart on myopic amblyopia in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the effects of red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart on myopic amblyopia in children.<p>METHODS: Totally 112 cases of children patients with myopic amblyopia treated in our hospital were assigned to the control group and the observation group. The control group was given short covering method and short-range visual function training, and the observation group was given red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart on the basis of the above treatment. The clinical efficacy, refractive dynamic changes, the BCVA and amblyopia recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. <p>RESULTS: The total clinical effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). Before and after treatment, the myopic diopter was no significant difference in the observation group(<i>P</i>>0.05), the control group gradually increased myopic diopter with time(<i>P</i><0.05). The myopic refraction, the change value of average annual refraction and the recurrence rate of amblyopia after 1y of treatment in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The BCVA after 1y of treatment was significantly higher than that after 6mo of treatment(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart for children patients with myopic amblyopia can effectively reduce the change value of average annual refraction, correct the best visual acuity, and reduce the risk of amblyopia recurrence.

Construction and validation of logMAR visual acuity charts in seven Indian languages

Purpose: The evaluation of visual impairment requires the measurement of visual acuity with a validated and standard logMAR visual acuity chart. We aimed to construct and validate new logMAR visual acuity chart in Indian languages (Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Assamese). Methods: The commonly used font in each language was chosen as the reference and designed to fit the 5 � 5 grid (Adobe Photoshop). Ten letters (easiest to difficult) around median legibility score calculated for each language based on the results of legibility experiment and differing by 10% were selected. The chart was constructed based on the standard recommendations. The repeatability of charts was tested and also compared with a standard English Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart for validation. Results: A total of 14 rows (1.0 to -0.3 logMAR) with five letters in each line were designed with the range of row legibility between 4.7 and 5.3 for all the language charts. Each chart showed good repeatability, and a maximum difference of four letters was noted. The median difference in visual acuity was 0.16 logMAR for Urdu and Assamese chart compared to ETDRS English chart. Hindi and Malayalam chart had a median difference of 0.12 logMAR. When compared to the English chart a median difference of 0.14 logMAR was noted in Telugu, Kannada, and Bengali chart. Conclusion: The newly developed Indian language visual acuity charts are designed based on the standard recommendations and will help to assess visual impairment in people of these languages across the country.

Review on visual acuity charts for preschool children / 中华实验眼科杂志

The preschool age is an important stage for the development of children's vision.Visual problems can affect visual development of children,so it is necessary for preschool children to have vision examination.As an important method of preschool vision screening,visual acuity charts can be used for early screening of eye diseases in children.The benefits of screening before school entry have been demonstrated in practice.There are many kinds of visual acuity charts that can be used to test the vision acuity of preschool children aged 3 to 6 years.This review introduced the design of visual acuity charts and lists several types of charts for screening of preschool children.Simultaneously,we have analyzed a number of papers that compared preschool vision screening methods.The vision examination on children aged 3 to 6 years was necessary to discover various visual impairments.Choosing an appropriate visual acuity chart is the focus of low vision rehabilitation research.

Design and simulation of computerized tumbling E test / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To design a new method for visual acuity test naming computerized tumbling E test, and to explore the application of computerized tumbling E test. Methods The feasibility of computerized tumbling E test was investigated by computer simulation experiment. Based on the simulation experiment, a total of 30 subjects ([26.1±4.7] years old, 18 males and 12 females) received binocular vision acuity examination by computerized tumbling E test with 40 trials or 80 trials and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart (random sequence), respectively. The accuracy of computerized tumbling E test was evaluated by comparing the consistency limit with standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. The correlation and difference between the two tests were evaluated by paired samples t test. Results There was no significant difference between the results of the computerized tumbling E test with 40 trials and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, while the difference between the results of the 80 trials and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The consistency is good for adult visual test using the computerized tumbling E test with reasonable number of trials (40 trials) and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Compared with the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, computerized tumbling E test has advantages such as avoiding the problem of optotype memory and reducing the visual crowding effect, showing practical application value (P<0.05) of optotype memory and reducing the visual crowding effect, showing practical application value (P

Development and clinical application of a color pediatric visual acuity chart / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To introduce a new color pediatric visual acuity chart and its clinical application. METHODS:The color pediatric visual acuity chart was designed based on principle of visual angle. The optotype on the color chart had graphics. The progression rate of optotype size between 2 lines was 10 10 and 1. 2589. A regular geometric progression of optotype sizes and distribution was employed to arrange 8 lines with 11 optotype on the color chart. The testing distance was 3m. The visual acuity score could be recorded as logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution notation or decimal notation. The reliability of naked distant measurements with this new chart was tested in one eye of 100 children (4 ~ 6 years old) taking the Chinese national standard logarithm visual acuity chart standard. RESULTS: The color pediatric visual acuity chart and logarithmic chart controls, visual acuity test results that in the two groups had no significant difference (t=1. 2671, P> 0. 05 ). Two sets of vision data existed positive correlation (r= 0. 924, P CONCLUSlON:Children are easier to accept used new color pediatric visual acuity chart to inspect vision. New chart is reliability and apply to children's vision screening.

Correlation between Optokinetic Nystagmus Response and Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to determine the correlation between optokinetic nytagmus and grating and Snellen visual acuity charts and the validity of this correlation as an index. METHODS: Diffusion blur was used to cause visual decrease in 24 patients with normal eyes. Vision was measured using 3 different methods. To compare the central and peripheral vision, visiual acuity was measured using a macula occluder. RESULTS: Twenty four patients had an average uncorrected vision of 1.0 and showed regular visual acuity decrease using diffusion blur. Grating visual acuity showed correlation with the Snellen visual acuity but OKN visual acuity showed low correlation (p<0.05, ANOVA with repeated measure trend). OKN visual acuity showed low correlation with grating acuity when central visual acuity was occluded and only peripheral acuity was taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity measured using Snellen or grating acuity had little correlation with OKN visual acuity, and visual acuity measured using OKN was unable to indicate visual acuity in a quantitative manner.

A new standardized logMAR visual acuity chart: development and clinical application / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To introduce a new standardized logMAR visual acuity chart and its clinical application.Methods: The new visual acuity chart and notations were designed based on Weber-Fechner theorem.The E optotype on the chart had 3 limbs of equal length.A regular geometric progression of optotype sizes and distribution was employed to arrange 14 lines with 4 optotypes on each line.The progression rate of optotype size between 2 lines was 10 and the testing distance was 3 m.The visual acuity score could be recorded as logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR) notation or decimal notation.The reliability of naked distant measurements with this new chart was tested in one eye of 100 subjects taking the Chinese national standard logarithm visual acuity chart(CSVAC) standard.Results: This new chart overcame the shortcomings of different number of optotypes on each line and fewer optotypes at the top of CSVAC.Several visual acuity notations were adopted and conversion between different notations was very convenient in this new chart.The measurements of this new chart had significant correlation and good agreement with CSVAC.Conclusion: The new standardized logMAR visual acuity chart is reliable,easy to use and accurate.It can be applied in clinical teaching and research of ophthalmology and optometry.