Plasma metabonomics study of ischemic cerebral apoplexy rats treated with Tongsaimai pellets / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe abnormal metabolic changes caused by ischemic cerebral apoplexy and the regulating action of Tongsaimai pellets on abnormal metabolism by analyzing the change of small molecules in plasma of ischemic cerebral apoplexy rat. To find the potential biomarkers, and to explore metabolic mechanisms of Tongsaimai pellets.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established with electric coagulation, and rats were divided into 4 groups, model group, sham-operation group, Tongsaimai pellets group and positive control group. Tongsaimai pellets and positive control group were orally administrated by 13.2 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) of crude drugs and 32 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of Nimodipine respectively, m odel and sham-operation group by equal volume of distilled water for a week. Plasma of model and sham-operation group were collected, and plasma of Tongsaimai pellets and positive control group were collected on the 1st, 3rd , 7th day after administration. Endogenous metabolites of four groups were determined with GC-MS. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to analyze multivariate data and set up model, and T-test was used in significant statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with sham-operation group rats, pyruvic acid, taurine and hydroxyproline obviously increased in model group rats, while lactic acid, glyceric acid, aminomalonic acid, fructose, tryptophan and leucine significantly decreased, so these metabolites were potential metabolic biomarkers. These endogenous metabolites except taurine got restoration in Tongsaimai group rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abnormal metabolite level in plasma can be certainly recovered by Tongsaimai pellets, and the treatment of Tongsaimai pellets can be connected with the regulation of related metabolic pathways.</p>

Steady-state kinetic properties of phosphoglycerate kinase of mung beans.

Steady-state kinetics of the action of mung bean phosphoglycerate kinase have been investigated using 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP as substrates in the presence of Mg2+ ions. Keeping a constant and high Mg2+ concentration and varying the concentration of one of the substrates (ATP or 3-phosphoglycerates) at several fixed concentrations of the other substrate (3-phosphoglycerate or ATP), the Km values of Mg.ATP2- and 3-phosphoglycerate were found to be 0.42 and 0.60 mM, respectively. These values are independent of the concentration of the other substrate. A limiting value of Vmax, where the enzyme is saturated with both the substrates, was found to be 39.4 mumoles product formed per min per mg enzyme protein. This corresponds to a turnover number equal to 31.5 sec-1 (for molecular weight of the enzyme equal to 48,000). If [Mg2+] and [ATP4-] are held equal and varied together at several fixed concentrations of 3-phosphoglycerate, deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics (non-linear Lineweaver-Burk plots) are observed at lower values of ATP4- and Mg2+ (less than 0.1 mM), giving rise to apparent sigmoidicity in the rate versus [ATP4-] plots. It has been suggested that the real substrate for this enzyme is the Mg.ATP2- complex (and not free ATP4-). The complex dissociates at lower values of [Mg2+] and [ATP4-]. The resulting disproportionate decrease in the concentration of the complex brings about a steeper fall in the rate of reaction than is required by the Michaelis-Menten equation, giving rise to an apparent sigmoidicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Efectos beneficiosos del glicerofosfato de magnesio como tratamiento de la litiasis oxalocálcica en pacientes hipercalciúricos / Beneficial effect the magnesium salt of phosphoglyceric how treatment the lithiasis calcium oxalate in patients hypercalciuria

Para ensayar una nueva alternativa terapéutica de la hipercalciuria con litiasis oxalocálcica recidivante, se utilizó la sal magnésica del ácido glicerofosfórico (GPMg) en 24 pacientes (12 varones y 12 mujeres) con 36 años de edad promedio (rango: 20-63). El tipo de la hipercalciuria fue absortiva (A) o tabular (T) (n= 14 y 10 respectivamente). La dosis de PGMg fue de 3g diarios divididos en dos tomas. Se efectuaron controles clínicos a los 1-3 meses (período I), a los 4-6 meses (período II), a los 7-12 meses (período III). a los 12-18 meses (período IV) con determinaciones de Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, NH4, sulfato creatinina, ácidos úricos, cítrico y oxálico, pH y volumen urinario. Se calculó la saturación urinaria en términos de energía libre para la cristalización (DG) de oxalato de calcio, brushita, estruvita, ácido úrico y urato de sodio por medio del programa de computación EQUIL-AT. En un subgrupo de 7 pacientes (5 A y 2 T) se determinaron además la parathormona (PTH) sérica y el AMP cíclico en suero y orina en condiciones basales y al mes de tratamiento con GPMg. La calciuria disminuyo significativamente en todos los períodos considerados de ambos grupos (A y T). La diuresis se incrementó progresivamente. Otros componentes urinarios no presentaron cambios significativos. La DG para el oxalato de calcio y la brushita cayeron significativamente en todos los períodos. No hubo modificación en la saturación urinaria de los restantes compuestos. No hubo evidencias de hiperparatiroidismo secundario en el subgrupo controlado con determinación de PTH sérica y AMPc nefrógeno. En 7 pacientes tratados durante dos años hubo sólo un episodio de recurrencia. La tolerancia del GPMg fue excelente.

El test de lisis con glicerol acidificado, un método de screening para esferocitosis hereditaria: evaluación y valor diagnóstico / The scidified glycerol lysis test, a screening method for inherited spherocytosis

Se evaluó un método de screening para esferocitosis hereditaria, el test de lisis con Glicerol Acidificado (AGTL). En la evaluación se utilizaron 75 muestras de sangre de individuos normales (recién nacidos y adultos) y 20 patológicas (Esferocitosis Hereditaria, Insuficiencia Renal Crónica, Trastorno Hematológico Maligno y Daño Hepático). A base de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye lo siguiente: la temperatura de lectura más adecuada es 37-C; las muestras pueden ser conservadas por 24 hrs. a 4§C; los valores de referencia normal para recién nacidos y adultos son >2.100 y >1.200 segundos, respectivamente y que el método posee una sensibilidad de 100%