Efectos de un programa de estimulación cognitiva en la memoria operativa en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve amnésico / Effects of a cognitive stimulation program in working memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Introducción: El deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) es una condición intermedia entre el envejecimiento normal y la demencia. Este estudio propone la aplicación de un programa de estimulación cognitiva multifactorial (PECM), para establecer la naturaleza de los cambios que se pudieran inducir en la memoria operativa (MO) de un grupo de mujeres mayores con DCL de tipo amnésico (DCL-A). Pacientes y Métodos: Se seleccionó a conveniencia una muestra de 7 mujeres con diagnóstico de DCL-A, a quienes se les hizo mediciones neuropsicológicas y de MO antes y después de 24 sesiones de un PECM, de una hora cada una, con una frecuencia de tres veces por semana. Para medir la MO se uso la batería para la evaluación de la memoria operativa de Pickering, Baqués y Gathercole. Resultados: Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05) y clínicamente importantes (TE>0.75), en componentes de la MO, especialmente de la agenda visoespacial (AV) y del ejecutivo central (EC). Conclusiones: Un PECM mejora los componentes de la AV y del EC de la MO en mujeres con DCL-A. Hay una tendencia similar en el bucle fonológico, pero el tamaño pequeño de la muestra no pudo descartar la hipótesis nula.

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered as an intermediate status between normal aging and dementia. This study proposes the administration of a program of cognitive multifactor stimulation (PCMS), toestablish the changes on Working Memory (WM) in an elderly female group with amnesic type MCI (A-MCI). Patients and Methods: A sample of seven females over sixty years old with A-MCI, which were assessed for neuropsychological function and WM, before and after a 24 sessions of one hour PCMS, three times per week. To measure WM was used the Pickering, Baqués and Gathercole’ s battery. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) and clinically important findings (effect sizes > 0,75) on WM components, specially on visual loop (VL) and central executive (CE). Conclusion: A PCMS improved the VL and CE components of WM in seven elderly females with AMCI. The phonologic loop had a similar tendency, but the small sample size did not allow rejecting the null hypothesis.

Anterograde effects of a single electroconvulsive shock on inhibitory avoidance and on cued fear conditioning

A single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or a sham ECS was administered to male 3-4-month-old Wistar rats 1,2, and 4 h before training in an inhibitory avoidance test and in cued classical fear conditioning (measured by means of freezing time in a new environment). ECS impaired inhibitory avoidance at all times and, at 1 or 2 h before training, reduced freezing time before and after re-presentation of the ECS. These results are interpreted as a transient conditioned simulus (CS)-induced anxiolytic or analgesic effect lasting about 2 h after a single treatment, in addition to the known amnesic effect of the stimulus. This suggests that the effect of anterograde learning impairement is demonstrated unequivocally only when the analgesic/anxiolytic effect is over (about 4 h after ECS administration) and that this impairment of learning is selective, affecting inhibitory avoidance but not classical fear conditioning to a discrete stimulus.