Protein from Hevea brasiliensis "Hev b 13" latex attenuates systemic inflammatory response and lung lesions in rats with sepsis / Proteína do latex de Hevea brasiliensis "Hev b 13" atenua resposta inflamatória sistêmica e lesão pulmonar de ratos com sepse

Abstract Sepsis induces a severe systemic inflammatory response that may result in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Studies using a protein derived from natural Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) latex, denominated Hev b 13, have demonstrated important anti-inflammatory effects, but no data have been published regarding its effects on sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Hev b 13 on the inflammatory response and lung lesions of septal rats. Male Wistar rats were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), randomized into groups and treated with subcutaneously administered doses of 0.5/2.0/3.0 mg/Kg of Hev b 13. Next, animals were subdivided into three different points in time (1, 6 and 24 hours after treatments) for collection of blood samples and euthanasia accompanied by organ removal. Total and differential leukocyte counts, cytokine dosage and histological assessment were analyzed. Treatment with Hev b 13 resulted in a significant decline in total and differential leukocytes as well as suppression of TNF-α and IL-6 production, associated with the increase in IL-10 and IL-4 in plasma and lung tissue. Moreover, it reduced morphological and pathological changes found in the lungs, including neutrophil infiltration, edema and alveolar thickening. The present study concluded that Hev b 13 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates lung lesions in septal rats, showing potential for clinical application.

Resumo Sepse induz uma resposta inflamatória sistêmica grave podendo resultar em disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e morte. Pesquisas utilizando uma proteína derivada do látex natural de Hevea brasiliensis (seringueira), denominada Hev b 13 tem demonstrado importantes efeitos anti-inflamatórios, mas nenhum dado foi publicado dos seus efeitos na sepse. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da Hev b 13 na resposta inflamatória e na lesão pulmonar de ratos com sepse. Ratos machos da linhagem Wistar foram submetidos a ligação e perfuração do ceco (LPC), randomizados em grupos e tratados com as doses 0,5/2,0/3,0 mg/Kg de Hev b 13 subcutâneo. Após subdividiu-se os animais em três pontos diferentes de tempo (1, 6 e 24 horas após os tratamentos) para coleta de amostras sanguíneas e eutanásia com remoção dos órgãos. Contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, dosagem de citocinas e avaliação histológica foram analisadas. O tratamento com a Hev b 13 resultou em diminuição significativa de leucócitos totais e diferenciais bem como suprimiu a produção de TNF-α e IL-6, associado ao aumento de IL-10 e IL-4 no plasma e tecido pulmonar. Além disso, reduziu as alterações morfológicas e patológicas encontradas nos pulmões, incluindo infiltrado de neutrófilos, edema e espessamento alveolar. Este estudo concluiu que a Hev b 13 tem efeitos anti-inflamatórios e atenua lesões pulmonares em ratos com sepse, apresentando potencialidades para aplicabilidade clínica.

Immunomodulating effects of the purified hev b 13 fraction on septic rats / Efeitos imunomoduladores da fração purificada hev b 13 em ratos com sepse

ABSTRACT Background: Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection that occurs when chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body, especially in the acute phase of the disease, producing excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to multiple organ injury and death. The Hev b 13 fraction has demonstrated biological activity capable of inducing IL-10 production and shrinking inflammatory disease lesions. Aim: To investigate the immunomodulating effects of the Hev b 13 fraction on septic rats. Methods: Acinetobacter baumannii was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the animals after sustaining a lesion in the pancreas, with the stomach as an entry point. After 10 h of infection, they were euthanized for blood and lung collection, followed by total and differential leukocyte count, determination of cytokine level and histopathological analysis. Results: Administering a single dose of the Hev b 13 fraction 2 h after sepsis induction significantly decreased total leukocyte count. Higher IL-10 and IL-4 and lower IL-6 production shrank the lung tissue lesions compared to the control groups. Conclusion: The Hev b 13 fraction exhibits an anti-inflammatory tendency, with potential for sepsis treatment.

RESUMO Racional: Sepse se correlaciona com a ruptura do complexo equilíbrio entre os mediadores inflamatórios, que principalmente na fase aguda da doença, produz exacerbadamente citocinas pró-inflamatórias levando a lesão de múltiplos órgãos e morte. A fração Hev b 13 tem demonstrado atividade biológica capaz de induzir a produção de IL-10 e regredir lesões de doenças inflamatórias. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos imunomoduladores da fração Hev b 13 em ratos com sepse. Métodos: Foi injetado Acinetobacter baumannii na cavidade peritoneal dos animais após lesão no pâncreas e estômago como porta de entrada. Após 10 h de infecção, foi realizada eutanásia para coleta de sangue e pulmões, em seguida, contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, dosagem de citocinas e histopatologia para análise. Resultados: A administração de dose única da fração Hev b 13, 2 h após a indução de sepse, diminuiu significativamente a contagem total de leucócitos. Associado a maior produção de IL-10 e IL-4, e menor de IL-6, atenuou as lesões nos tecidos pulmonares em comparação com os grupos controles. Conclusão: A fração Hev b 13 apresenta tendência anti-inflamatória, com potencialidades no tratamento da sepse.

Propiedades biológicas de los alérgenos inhalatorios y su relación con la respuesta inmunitaria / Biological properties of inhalant aeroallergens and their relation to immune responses

IgE-binding studies show that many of the common causes of inhalant allergy such as grass, olive, ragweed and birch pollen, house dust mites and some fungi have one or a few principal allergens that can account for most of the allergic response. The IgE binding to allergens from other sources can be more evenly spread amongst different proteins or, as indicated in cat allergy, varies with clinical presentation. The biological properties of nearly all of the principal allergens can now be predicted from the knowledge of their structures and they point to likely interactions with the innate immune system, as well as possible interactions with hormonal regulators of immunity. As found for pectate lyases and the Ole e1-like proteins, biologically similar proteins can be principal allergens for many species while the Dermatophagoides spp. and Blomia tropicalis allergens show that allergens with the same biological properties reveal interspecies variation in allergen hierarchy. These properties show that the interactions of allergens with innate immunity and immuno-regulators will be different for different allergens, and this concurs with the evidence that immune responses to allergens from the same source are regulated independently, as are responses to co-presented allergenic and non-allergenic proteins

Los estudios de unión con la IgE demostraron que muchas de las causas comunes de alergia inhalatoria, como a las gramíneas, el olivo, la ambrosía, el polen de abedul, los ácaros del polvo doméstico y algunos hongos, tienen uno o unos pocos de los alérgenos principales que pueden representar la mayoría de las respuestas alérgicas. La IgE que se une a los alérgenos de otras fuentes puede diseminarse entre diferentes proteínas o, como indica la alergia al gato, varía con la presentación clínica. Las propiedades biológicas de casi todos los alérgenos principales pueden actualmente predecirse a partir del conocimiento de sus estructuras e indican las interacciones probables con el sistema inmunitario innato, así como las interacciones posibles con los reguladores hormonales de la inmunidad. Como se encontró para las pectato liasas y las proteínas similares a Ole e1, las proteínas biológicamente similares pueden ser los alérgenos principales para muchas especies, mientras que los alérgenos Dermatophagoides spp. y Blomia tropicalis muestran que los alérgenos con las mismas propiedades biológicas tienen variación entre las especies en la jerarquía alergénica. Estas propiedades demuestran que las interacciones de los alérgenos con la inmunidad innata y los inmunorreguladores serían diferentes para los distintos alérgenos, y esto coincide con las pruebas que indican que las respuestas inmunes a los alérgenos de la misma fuente sufren una regulación por aumento (upregulation), independientemente de si son respuestas a las proteínas co-presentadas alergénicas y no alergénicas

ESTUDIO DE LA SENSIBILIZACIÓN POR AEROALÉRGENOS CON ESPECIAL ENFOQUE EN LA POLINOSIS COMO FACTOR DE SENSIBILIZACIÓN / Sensitizen by aeroalergens study with special focus on polinosis as sensitizen factor

Fundamento. Las alergias son importantes en Salud Pública; entre distintos tipos, la sensibilidad polínica (SP), en su forma de hipersensibilidad a pólenes, son patologías que afectan a parte de la población. Objetivo. Valorar la importancia del problema de SP en la región y relacionarlas con rinitis, asma, valores de IgE y otras alergias. Lugar de aplicación. Servicio Cátedra de Alergia e Inmunología (SAEI) del Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC), Región Centro del País. Diseño. Estudio de corte. Estudio descriptivo útil para el administrador sanitario ya que permite determinar la carga que significa la enfermedad en la población. Permite conocer la prevalencia (P) de enfermedad. Población. Se analizaron historias clínicas (HC) de los pacientes que concurrieron al SAEI, ubicado en Córdoba capital. Método. Se procesaron las HC de los pacientes que acudieron al SAEI durante los años 2008-09 y a los que se les realizó el prick test, usando el programa Epi-Info 2000 versión 3.3.2. Se las analizó estadísticamente determinando Chicuadrado e intervalo de confianza. Resultados. La P de SP fue de 51,96%. Del total de la muestra, el 24,24% era monosensibilizado el 12,50% de estos lo era a pólenes. Del 75,76% de la muestra restante (polisensibilizado), el 65,33% estaba sensibilizado a pólenes. Conclusión. Analizando la P obtenida se desprende que las SP constituyen una problemática que afecta a más de la mitad de la población estudiada. También se observó que dicha problemática tiene, para la mayoría de los pacientes, una comorbilidad asociada a otros tipos de alergia. (AU)

Background. Allergies are important in Public Health, among the different types Pollen sensitivity, as hypersensitivity to pollen, are pathologies affecting part of the population. Objective. To appreciate the importance of the Pollen sensitivity problem in our region and to relate them to Rhinitis, Asthma, IgE values, and other allergies. Setting. Allergy and Immunology Service (AAIS) of the Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC), in Córdoba city, Central Region of the country. Design. A Cross-sectional study was developed. This is a descriptive study of usefulness for the healthcare administrator because it allows estimating the disease burden significance on the population. It lets to know the sickness Prevalence (P). Population. Clinical Histories (CH) of the patients that attended the AAIS, located in Córdoba city were analyzed. Methods. CH of the patients that attended the AAIS during the years 2008 and 2009 and that the Prick Test was carried out, were processed by using the 2000 Epi-Info Program, 3.3.2. version. Statistically, Chi-square and Confidence Interval were calculated. Results. The Prevalence of Pollen sensitivity was 51.96%. From the total sample, 24.24% was monosensitized patients. Among them, 12.5% were monosensitized to pollens. The rest of the sample (75.76%) were poly-sensitized, from these, 65.33% were sensitized to pollens. Conclusion. Analyzing the obtained Prevalence emerges that Pollen sensitivity represent a problematic that affect more than a half of the studied population. Also it was observed that the pathology presented a comorbidity associated to other types of allergy produced by mites or fungus, among others, for the majority of the patients.(AU)

Alergia alimentaria a maní: conceptos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos / Food allergy to peanuts: clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic concepts

The prevalence of food allergy (FA) is about 2-8 percent, with clinical manifestations ranging from localized symptoms, to severe anaphylactic reactions. FA is generally caused by milk, eggs, soybeans, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, fish and crustacean; being peanut one of the main foods involved in Western countries. Although in other parts of the world peanut allergy (PA) is not a problem, probably due to timing of introduction into the diet, form and preparation, genetics, and the hygiene hypothesis. Unfortunately, in Chile there are no epidemiological data about FA or PA. A number of food allergens have been identified, which has improved patient diagnosis and treatment assessment. Regarding peanut, 9 allergens have been identified, Ara h 1 to Ara h 9 (Arachis hypogaea). The diagnosis of IgE-mediated PA is based on a consistent history and evidence of peanut-specific IgE sensitization, carried out by skin-prick testing or in vitro determination. PA treatment consists of peanuts avoidance, which often becomes difficult due to inadvertent consumption. Today promising treatments are under development, including oral induction tolerance or sublingual immunotherapy. These treatments offer the possibility of at least raising the threshold of the amount of peanut that would be necessary to cause a life-threatening allergic reaction.

In vivo digestive stability of soybean β-conglycinin β-subunit in WZS minipigs / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

By now, the digestive stability experiments provided by most authoritative organizations are in vitro tests. Evaluating the protein digestive stability with in vivo models should be more objective. The present study aimed to verify the in vivo digestibility of soybean β-conglycinin β-subunit in Wuzhishan (WZS) minipigs. Three minipigs were surgically fitted with O-stomach and T-ileum cannulae and fed with soybean meals. According to SDS-PAGE, the 50 kD fraction of soybean β-conglycinin β-subunit persisted in the gastric fluid until 6 h after feeding, which was detected at 3 h and clearly visible at 4-6 h in the intestinal fluid. Western blot with anti-β-conglycinin β-subunit McAb confirmed it.

Preparation and identification of artificial antigen for rhein / 中国中药杂志

The Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine for its special biological activities. The content of rhein, one of its major compounds, was an important standard for the quantity control of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The major method used for the detection of rhein was instrumental analysis like HPLC, but it was complex, time-consuming and cannot detect large samples at the same time. The enzyme-linked imunmosorbent assay (ELISA) was accurate, reliable, simple, low costs, and of a high-throughout. Recently, it was widely used for the determination of those small molecule compounds in some traditional Chinese medicinal plants. In this study, an artificial antigen were synthesized by the carbodiimide (CDI) method. Rhein-bovine (rhein-BSA) conju gate and rhein-ovalbumin (rhein-OVA) conjugate, were produced as the immunogen and coating antigen, respectively. The conjugate and the hapten number in the conjugate were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV). The conjugation ratio of Rhein and BSA was about 4.0:1, rhein acid and OVA was 2.6 : 1, respectively. Rhein-BSA conjugate was used to immunize Bal b/c mice to produce antiserum. The antiserum titer of the Rhein were higher than 8000 detected by ELISA. The successfully synthesized conjugate antigen rhein-BSA implies its feasibility in the establishment of fast immunoassay for the rhein content determination.

Utilidad de los péptidos 33 y 38 de Lolium perenne en la inmunoterapia de la rinitis polínica / Utility of the peptides 33 and 38 of Lolium perenne in immunotherapy of hayfever

Se aislaron y caracterizaron péptidos del polen de la gramínea Lolium perenne por métodos fisicoquímicos, se estudiaron sus propiedades bioquímicas e inmunológicas, tanto en el conejo como en humanos atópicos que sufrían de rinoconjuntivitis estacional producida por dicho polen, y se presentan los hallazgos inmunoserológicos luego de 3 años de inmunoterapia específica con los péptidos 33 y 38 obtenidos, que resultaron ser los más significativos en la composición fisicoquímica del polen.

Peptides isolated from the Lolium perenne pollen were submitted to several chemical and immunological procedures to establish their antigenicity. Immunotherapy with peptides 33 and 38 showed high potency to develop specific IgG blocking antibodies which correlated with statistical clinical improvement.

Efecto de la temperatura de conservación sobre la expresión de proteinas en granos de polen de chenopodium album l / Effect of conservation temperature on the expression of proteins in pollen grains of chenopodium album l

Los componentes activos del polen a partir del cual se obtienen los extractos alergénicos pueden variar considerablemente deacuerdo al momento, el lugar dónde se recolecta y el períodocomprendido entre la recolección y su utilización.El presente trabajo pretende evaluar si la temperatura de conservacióndel grano de polen influye en la expresión de proteínasy en la antigenicidad de las mismas, al momento de prepararun extracto alergénico. La especie elegida para estudio fue Chenopodiumalbum L. ya que es de gran interés alergológico en laciudad de Bahía Blanca. Los granos de polen se conservaron a temperatura ambiente, 4 °Cy -18 °C por el término de dos meses. El contenido proteico de losextractos se determinó por el Método de Bradford. La expresiónproteica y la antigenicidad se estudiaron mediante electroforesisvertical Tricina-PAGE-SDS 12, 5 % e Inmunoblot respectivamente.Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la concentración proteicatotal fue menor para los extractos obtenidos del polen conservadoa temperatura ambiente que para las otras dos condiciones.La expresión de proteínas varía cuantitativamente en todoslos extractos y si bien la expresión cualitativa prácticamente seconserva, aparece para el polen conservado a temperatura ambiente,una banda de PM menor a 12 kDa. Esta banda podríaser consecuencia de la degradación proteica que experimenta elpolen a esa temperatura de almacenamiento. En cuanto a la antigenicidadde los extractos no hay diferencias cualitativas aunquepueden apreciarse diferencias cuantitativas significativas.Concluimos que la conservación del polen a 4°C o a -18°C seríanlas más adecuadas, ya que permiten obtener una mayor concentraciónproteica partiendo de la misma masa de polen.

The active components from which pollen allergen extracts are obtainedcan change considerably according to the time or the placewhere collect and the time period between harvesting and use.This work aims to assess if the storage temperature of the pollengrain influences protein expression and its antigenicity when preparingan allergen extract. The species chosen for our study wasChenopodium album L, since it is of great allergologic interest inthe city of Bahía Blanca.Pollen grains were stored at room temperature 4ºC and -18ºC ,for a period of two months. The protein content of the extractswas determined by the Bradford method. Protein expressionand antigenicity were studied by vertical electrophoresis TricineSDS-PAGE 12, 5% and Immunoblot. The obtained results show that the total protein concentrationwas lower in the extracts of pollen stored at room temperaturethan in those under two conditions. Protein expression differsquantitatively in all extracts and even if the qualitative expressionis kept practically the same, in the Tricine SDS-PAGE geland the pollen stored at room temperature there appear a bandof MW inferior to 12 kDa. This band could result from the proteindegradation experienced by pollen stored at that temperature.As regards extract antigenicity, there are no qualitative differenceseven though there are significant quantitative differences.We conclude that pollen preservation at 4ºC or -18ºC would bethe most appropriate since it allows greater protein concentrationfor the same mass of pollen.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of LJAMP2 gene into 'Red Sun' kiwifruit and its molecular identification / 生物工程学报

Bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae is one of the most important diseases of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) and leads to considerable yield losses. In order to obtain transgenic plants with resistance for 'Red Sun' kiwifruit to canker disease, a non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein gene (LJAMP2) from motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) was introduced into 'Red Sun' kiwifruit through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. After two days of co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring 35S:LJAMP2, the transformed explants were transferred to the selection medium containing 25 mg/L kanamycin+3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA. The regeneration efficiency of kanamycin-resistant shoots reached to 85%. All (100%) of kanamycin-resistant shoots rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.8 mg/L IBA and a total of 40 regenerated plantlets were obtained. PCR and histochemical GUS activity analysis show that 23 of 40 lines (57.50%) were positive, suggesting that the LJAMP2 gene was integrated into the genome of 'Red Sun' kiwifruit. Taken together, we established an efficient genetic transformation method for 'Red Sun' kiwifruit using A. tumefaciens and the transformation frequency reached 5.11%. This protocol will be useful for the genetic breeding of 'Red Sun' kiwifruit for improvement of disease resistance.

Comparison of Specific IgE Antibodies to Wheat Component Allergens in Two Phenotypes of Wheat Allergy

Specific IgE to gliadin was proposed as a marker for wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis, while Tri a 14 was found to induce IgE response in baker's asthma. We evaluated whether these components could be used for discriminating phenotypes of wheat allergy. Twenty-nine patients who were wheat-induced anaphylaxis and/or urticaria (n=21, group I) and baker's asthma (n=8, group II) were enrolled. The prevalence of serum specific IgE to Tri a 14 was higher in group II (25%) than in group I (4.8%), while the serum specific IgE to gliadin was significantly higher in group I (70%) than in group II (12.5%). The cutoff value for predicting the baker's asthma using the ratio of serum specific IgE to Tri a 14 to gliadin was 742.8 optical densityx1,000/(kU/L) with high sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that Tri a 14/gliadin may be a potential marker for predicting baker's asthma.

Subcellular localization and resistance to Botrytis cinerea of a new type lipid transfer protein AtDhyPRP1 from Arabidopsis thaliana / 生物工程学报

Genetic transformation was adopted to analyze the subcellular localization and the resistance to fungal pathogens of Arabidopsis lipid transfer protein AtDHyPRP1. The coding sequence of AtDHyPRP1 amplified by PCR from Ws ecotype was used to construct the plant binary expression vector pRI101-AN-AtDHyPRP1 and the fusion expression vector pCAMBIA1302-AtDHyPRP1-GFP. Transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants were produced by leaf disc and floral dip protocols, respectively. AtDHyPRP1 could improve the resistance of tobacco to Botrytis cinerea remarkably and the infection sites on transgenic tobacco leaves accumulated large amounts of H2O2. Observation under laser scanning confocal microscope showed that AtDHyPRP1 was localized to cell surface. It suggested that AtDHyPRP1 might play special function after secretion to outside of the cell and was involved in plant defense system against pathogens.

Progress of researches on the allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3 from peanut / 生物医学工程学杂志

Peanut is one of the most popular foods in the world due to its high nutrition; however, it contains multiple seed storage proteins which are identified as allergens and hence are the most common cause of life-threatening, IgE-mediated anaphylaxis among the hypersensitive individuals. Three peanut proteins, Arachis hypogaea allergy 1, 2, 3 (Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3), which have the common biochemical characteristics like resistance to proteases and heat, are considered as the major allergens because they are recognized by serum IgE from a peanut-allergic patient population. The linear IgE-binding epitopes in the allergens lay the foundation of the anaphylaxis in the peanut-allergic individuals. Peanut allergy is often a life-long problem, so many investigators are focusing on decreasing clinical reactivity. In this review, the latest advances in the researches on biochemical characteristics, structure and function of the three major allergens were described and particular attention was given to the immunity properties of the three allergens. The future research directions were also discussed.

Cord Serum Screening Test and the Newborns Allergic Status.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of a cord serum screen test and possible subsequent development of allergic disease in infants. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: 100 pregnant women were randomly recruited for the study. METHODS: The maternal serum and the cord serum of their matched newborn were analyzed for total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), gamma interferon (g IFN), house dust mite- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen (Der p1) and Blomia tropicalis allergen (Blo t5) using immunoassay methods. All infants were followed up for one year. RESULTS: Infants who had allergic diseases in the one year follow-up (n=45) had significantly (P < 0.001) elevated IgE, Der p1, Blo t5, and significantly low g IFN levels in cord serum as compared to the same parameters of infants who did not develop allergic disease in the one year follow-up (n=43). CONCLUSION: In utero exposure to HDM allergens Der p1 and Blot5 is prevalent. We have successfully established a cord serum screening test for predicting allergic diseases in infancy with 93% specificity and sensitivity.

Synthesis and optimize reaction conditions of chlorogenic acid artificial antigen / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To synthesize artificial antigen of the chlorogenic acid (CGA), a constituent in Traditional Chinese Medicine, then optimize the reaction conditions, so that to supply the basis in material and technique for study on Chinese medicine injection of adverse reactions in-depth.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The complete antigen of chlorogenic acid (CGA-BSA) was synthesized by CGA coupled to carrier protein bovine serum albumi (BSA) using carbodiimide method. We used the orthogonal design test to optimize reaction conditions and used the MALDI-TOF-MS and UV motheds to determine the coupling rate of the CGA-BSA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The coupling rate were 20 and 18.8, counting by MALDI-TOF-MS and UV, respectively; while the best reaction conditions were NHS: CGA, EDC: CGA, CGA: BSA were 4: 1, 1: 1, 200: 1, respectively, with the pH 9.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The complete antigen is preparated successfully. Which supplied the basis to advanced study of correlation.</p>

A WZS miniature swine food hypersensitivity model orally induced by soybean beta-conglycinin / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish WZS miniature swine model of beta-conglycinin (7 S) allergy for evaluating the potential allergenicity of genetically modified food.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve 45-day-old WZS miniature swines from three litters were randomly divided into three groups (control group; 4% 7 S group and 8% 7 S group, n = 4), which were respectively gastric sensitized (day 0 - 10) and oral challenged (day 6 - 18, 31) to induce anaphylactic reactions. Clinical symptoms, skin prick reactions were recorded. At day 10, 19 and 32, serum IgG, IgE, histamine and cytokines levels were measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Diarrhea at different degrees were observed in 4% and 8% 7 S groups. The skin erythema reactions in grade "-", "+/-", "+", "++" of control group respectively were 2/4, 2/4, 0/4, 0/4, of 4% 7 S group were 0/4, 0/4, 2/4, 2/4 and of 8% 7 S group were 0/4, 0/4, 1/4, 3/4. The serum IgE and histamine levels of day 11, 19 and 32 were all significantly and positively correlated (Pearson coefficients = 1, P = 0.000). The serum IgG, IgE and histamine levels all reached the peak after 7 S groups were oral challenged at day 19.Compared with the control group, serum IgG (lg IgG: 2.95 +/- 0.31 vs 2.29 +/- 0.25, t = 3.19, P = 0.011), IgE (lg IgE: 2.45 +/- 0.30 vs 1.77 +/- 0.23, t = 3.31, P = 0.009) and histamine levels(lg histamine:2.13 +/- 0.30 vs 1.45 +/- 0.23, t = 3.34, P = 0.009) of 4% 7 S group at day 19 were all significantly higher, while the serum IFN-gamma content [(35.78 +/- 6.42) pg/ml vs (51.10 +/- 9.67) pg/ml, t = -2.33, P = 0.045] of 4%7 S group was significantly lower.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The WZS miniature swine model orally induced by soybean beta-conglycinin is type I hypersensitivity mediated by IgE, which can be used to predict the potential allergenicity of genetically modified food.</p>

The Association between the Concentration of Pollen and Outbreak of Pollinosis in Childhood / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Pollinosis is one of the allergic diseases which caused by airborne pollens from allergic plants, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and allergic conjunctivitis. The distribution of pollens in the air is fully related to weather condition, especially temperature and humidity, etc. This study is focused on the evaluation of the relation between pollen count and the outbreak of allergic diseases (symptom index) from allergic patients in Korea and this data would be necessary to evaluate Korean own allergy index for pollen forecasting system. Airborne particles carrying allergens were collected daily from nationwide 8 stations (Seoul, Guri, Daejeon, Daegu, Kwangju, Busan, Kangneung, and Jeju) by using 7 days-Burkard sampler (Burkard Manufacturing Co Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK) for 10 year in South Korea (March 1, 2008-October 30, 2008). They were counted and recorded along with the weather factors. Symptom index was evaluated and recorded by calling to allergic patients daily. Airborne pollen has two peak seasons that is May and September in Korea. The peak season for mold was June. There was the tree pollen seasons from the middle of February to late July, then followed during the grasses and weed season from the middle of July to the end of October. Ragweed was one of the most common pollen of autumn in Korea. In skin prick test, Ragweed was the highest sensitization rate (5.9%), followed by Mugwort (5.8%), alder (4.9%), birch (4.8%), oak grasses among the pollen extracts in Korean school aged children. Ragweed pollen counts were gradually increased since 2000. In same period, sensitization rates for airborne pollen, especially weeds in Korean children were increased annually (1999: 4.4%, 2000: 7.1%, 2001: 7.4%, 2002: 8.5%, 2003: 7.7%). There are significantly related between symptom index from allergic patients and allergic pollen concentrations. Sensitization rates for pollens are increased in Korean children with age. There are significantly related between symptom index from allergic patients and allergic pollen concentrations. Risk Grade of pollen for allergy pollen forecast among each allergic plant was established and still remain to confirm it.

Effects of lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 on allergen-induced peritoneal accumulation of eosinophils and serum total IgE concentration in inbred mice.

Recent clinical trials have shown the possibility of probiotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The purpose of this experimental study was to assess the influence of lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK) on allergic responses in different mouse strains. We performed a comparative study on the effects of LFK for allergen-induced peritoneal accumulation of eosinophils and serum total IgE concentration by using BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice. There was no significant difference in total number of peritoneal accumulated cells induced by cedar pollen allergen between the control and LFK groups in any strain of mice (p > 0.05); however, the ratio of eosinophils to total accumulated cells was significantly decreased in LFK-treated mice of BALB/c (p = 0.016), C3H/HeN (p = 0.010) and C3H/HeJ (p = 0.004), but not C57BL/6 (p > 0.05). No significant difference in serum total IgE concentration was found between the control and LFK groups of different mouse strains (p > 0.05). These results reveal a different effect of LFK on suppressing allergen-induced local eosinophila in inbred strains of mice, suggesting the effectiveness of probiotics on limiting allergy might be under the influence of individual genetic background.

Determination of the allergic impurities in the parenteral injection of Chinese traditional medicines containing Salvia miltiorrhiza / 药学学报

The residual protein mixture (the content is 4%, approximately), called Salvia miltiorrhiza antigen, was extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza cruel materials by mimicking the alcohol-deposit extracts process. Both rabbits and guinea pigs sensitized by Salvia miltiorrhiza could produce specified antibodies. Large molecular antigenic impurities were extracted from the Danshen injection and Xiangdan injection using the centrifugal filtering method. The test results of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pigs confirmed that the extracted antigenic impurities could induce the anaphylaxis reaction in the animals which were sensitized by the Salvia miltiorrhiza antigen. Using the specified antibody produced from rabbits which were sensitiyed by Salvia miltiorrhiza, ELISA test method was developed to test the residual Salvia miltiorrhiza antigenic materials contained in the parenteral Chinese traditional medicines. Calculated as residual protein, the linear range was 0.08-5.12 microg x mL(-1) (r2 = 0.9906), the detection limit and quantization limit are 0.08 microg x mL(-1) and 0.4 microg x mL(-1), respectively. 308 batches of parenteral Chinese traditional medicines containing water-soluable components of Salvia miltiorrhiza were tested, and the Salvia miltiorrhiza antigenic impurities were spotted in 35 (11.4%) batches of samples. The test results show that the extracting process currently used can not remove the Salvia miltiorrhiza antigenic impurities completely, and this may be one of the reasons for anaphylactic reaction in clinics. The proposed ELISA method can be used for improving the manufacture process and for routine quality control of drug products.

Clinico-immunologic evaluation of allergy to Himalayan tree pollen in atopic subjects in India--a new record.

Exposure to local pollen allergens has a direct bearing on the prevalence of allergic symptoms among the inhabiting atopic population. The populations in the Himalayas and around it are exposed to a variety of pollen grains from trees growing in the region, but the pollen-population interaction has not been clinically investigated. Himalayan tree pollen from five different taxa, i.e. Alnus nitida (AN), Betula utilis (BU), Cedrus deodara (CD), Mallotus phillipensis (MP) and Quercus incana (QI) were evaluated for their allergenicity in the Indian population by in vivo (skin prick test) and in vitro (ELISA) clinico-immunological methods. The presence of specific IgE against these tree pollen in the sera of skin test positive patients was taken as evidence for sensitization to these pollen. The average skin positivity in atopic populations recorded at different allergy centers in India varied from 2.2% against AN, to 4.7% against MP pollen. Significantly raised specific IgE against these pollen were observed in the sera of hypersensitive patients. The sensitization pattern to Himalayan tree pollen in these atopic populations varied. It was concluded that skin prick test positivity and raised IgE antibodies specific to AN, BU, CD, MP and QI established Himalayan tree pollen as important sensitizers in the atopic populations of India. A high incidence of skin sensitivity was observed to pollen antigens of Cedrus deodara, Mallotus phillipensis and Quercus incana in patients of Chandigarh residing in the hills and foothills of the Himalayas while Alnus nitida, Betula utilis and Cedrus deodara were important sensitizers in Delhi patients. The skin sensitization pattern against these pollen was in accordance with the level of exposure to these pollen of the subjects residing in that part of the country.