Effects of R219K polymorphism of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 gene on serum lipids ratios induced by a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in healthy youth

BACKGROUND: Diets are the important players in regulating plasma lipid profiles. And the R219K polymorphism at the gene of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1(ABCA1) was reported to be associated with the profiles. However, no efforts have been made to investigate the changes of lipid profiles after a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in different subjects with different genotypes of this polymorphism. This study was to evaluate the effects of ABCA1 R219K polymorphism on serum lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) ratios induced by a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (high-CHO) diet. After a washout diet of 54.1% carbohydrate for 7 days, 56 healthy young subjects (22.89 ± 1.80 years old) were given a high-CHO diet of 70.1% carbohydrate for 6 days. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apoA-1 and apoB-100 were measured on the 1st, 8th and 14th days of this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratios (WHR), log(TG/HDL-C), TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apoA-1/apoB-100 were calculated. ABCA1 R219K was analyzed by a PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: The results indicate that the male subjects of all the genotypes had higher WHR than their female counterparts on the 1st, 8th and 14th days of this study. The male K carriers had higher log(TG/HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C than the female carriers on the 1st and 14th days, and higher LDL-C/HDL-C on the 14th day. When compared with that on the 8th day, TC/HDL-C was decreased regardless of the genotypes and genders on the 14th day. Log(TG/HDL-C) was increased in the males with the RR genotype and the female K carriers. Lowered BMI, Glu and LDL-C/HDL-C were found in the male K carriers, but only lowered BMI in the female K carriers and only lowered LDL-C/HDL-C in the females with the RR genotype. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ABCA1 R219K polymorphism is associated differently in males and females with elevated log(TG/HDL-C) and decreased LDL-C/HDL-C induced by the high-CHO diet.

Relationship between depression and apolipoproteins A and B: a case-control study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between major depressive disorder and metabolic risk factors of coronary heart disease. INTRODUCTION: Little evidence is available indicating a relationship between major depressive disorder and metabolic risk factors of coronary heart disease such as lipoprotein and apolipoprotein. METHODS: This case-control study included 153 patients with major depressive disorder who fulfilled the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), and 147 healthy individuals. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire and Hamilton rating scale for depression. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded. Blood samples were taken and total cholesterol, high-and low-density lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A and B were measured. To analyze the data, t-test, χ2 test, Pearson correlation test and linear regression were applied. RESULTS: Depression was a negative predictor of apolipoprotein A (β = -0.328, p<0.01) and positive predictor of apolipoprotein B (β = 0.290, p<0.05). Apolipoprotein A was inversely predicted by total cholesterol (β = -0.269, p<0.05) and positively predicted by high-density lipoprotein (β = 0.401, p<0.01). Also, low-density lipoprotein was a predictor of apolipoprotein B (β = 0.340, p<0.01). The severity of depression was correlated with the increment in serum apolipoprotein B levels and the decrement in serum apolipoprotein A level. CONCLUSION: In view of the relationship between apolipoproteins A and B and depression, it would seem that screening of these metabolic risk factors besides psychological interventions is necessary in depressed patients.

Intervalo QT corrigido e fatores de risco tradicionais para doença aterosclerótica em pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 / QTc Interval and traditional risk factors to atherosclerotic disease in patients with type 1 diabetes

Visando avaliar o intervalo QTc e sua relação com variáveis clínicas, laboratoriais e com suscetibilidade da LDL à oxidação in vitro em pacientes com DM1, estudamos 40 diabéticos e 33 não diabéticos com idades de 24,83 ± 10,21 e 23,51 ± 7,28 anos, respectivamente, pareados por sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Avaliamos controle metabólico, apolipoproteínas A e B, coeficiente de oxidação da LDL por espectrofotometria e eletrocardiograma (ECG). O intervalo QTc foi calculado pela fórmula de Bazett. Não houve diferença no QTc entre os grupos dos DM1 e dos não diabéticos (394,43 ± 19,98 ms vs. 401,31 ± 17,83 ms; p = 0,2065). Cinco diabéticos apresentavam QTc aumentado (396,76 ± 14,63 ms vs. 429,75 ± 1,89 ms; p < 0,001) e menores níveis de apolipoproteína A que os demais diabéticos (74,60 ± 25,42 mg/dL vs. 113,64 ± 29,79 mg/dL; p = 0,011). Na amostra total, houve correlação entre QTc e IMC (rho = -0,288; p = 0,045), glicemia pós-prandial (rho = 0,357; p = 0,016) e coeficiente de oxidação 3 h (Cox3h) (r = -0,293; p = 0,039). Nos diabéticos, encontramos correlação entre QTc e triglicerídeos (rho = -0,420; p = 0,023) e Cox3h (r = -0,427; p = 0,021). Embora não tenhamos encontrado diferença entre o QTc dos diabéticos e não diabéticos estudados, houve correlação com marcadores de risco para a doença aterosclerótica. Entretanto, ainda são necessários mais estudos para estabelecer o real valor preditivo do QTc para esta doença nos pacientes com DM1.

To evaluate the QTc interval and its relation with clinical, laboratorial variables and LDL susceptibility to in vitro oxidation in patients with type 1 DM, we studied 40 diabetics and 33 non diabetics with 24.83 ± 10.21 and 23.51 ± 7.28 years old, respectively matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI). We evaluated metabolic control, A and B apolipoproteins, LDL oxidation coefficient for spectrophotometry and electrocardiogram (ECG). Interval QTc was calculated by the Bazett’s formula. There was no difference in QTc between diabetic and non diabetic groups (394.43 ± 19.98 ms versus 401.31 ± 17.83 ms; p = 0.2065). Five diabetics showed increased QTc (396.76 ± 14.63 ms versus 429.75 ± 1.89 ms; p < 0.001) and lesser A apolipoprotein levels than rest of diabetic group (74.60 ± 25.42 mg/dL versus 113.64 ± 29.79 mg/dL; p = 0,011). In pooled sample, there was correlation between QTc and BMI (rho = -0.288; p = 0.045), pot-prandial glycemia (rho = 0.357; p = 0.016) and 3 h oxidation coefficient (OxC3h) (r = -0.293; p = 0.039). In diabetics, there was correlation between QTc and triglycerides (rho = -0.420; p = 0.023) and OxC3h (r = -0.427; p = 0.021). Although there was no difference between QTc of diabetics and the non diabetics subjects studied, there was correlation with risk factors for the atherosclerotic disease. Further studies are necessary to establish the real predictive value of QTc for this type of disease in the patients with type 1 DM.

Atividade da enzima acetil-hidrolase do fator ativador de plaquetas (PAF-AH) em pacientes com diabete melito tipo 1 / Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade da acetil-hidrolase do fator ativador de plaquetas (PAF-AH) e sua relação com variáveis clinicodemográficas, com o controle metabólico, os níveis de apolipoproteínas A e B e a suscetibilidade da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) à oxidação in vitro em pacientes com DM tipo 1 (DM 1). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 42 pacientes com DM1 (27 mulheres) e 48 não-diabéticos (16 mulheres), pareados por sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Os exames realizados foram: glicemia de jejum (GJ) e pós-prandial (GPP), lipidograma, ácido úrico (AU), hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) e coeficiente de oxidação da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) por espectrofotometria. A análise da atividade da PAF-AH foi realizada por espectrofotometria (Cayman Chemical). RESULTADOS: A análise da atividade da PAF-AH mostrou haver maior atividade enzimática nos pacientes com DM 1 do que nos não-diabéticos (0,0150 ± 0,0051 versus 0,0116 ± 0,0041; p < 0,001). Nos pacientes com DM 1, encontramos correlação direta entre a atividade da PAF-AH e a idade e a LDL, e inversa entre a PAF-AH e a HbA1c e a lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL). CONCLUSÃO: A PAF-AH, na amostra estudada, apresentou maior atividade nos pacientes com DM 1, fator que pode estar relacionado ao maior risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares apresentados por portadores dessa doença. Ainda são necessários novos estudos para avaliar a real participação dessa enzima no risco de desenvolvimento das doenças ateroscleróticas nos pacientes com DM 1.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity and its relationship with clinical and demographic variables, metabolic control, apolipoprotein A and B levels and the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to in vitro oxidation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1). METHODS: Forty two patients with DM 1 (27 females) and 48 control subjects (16 females) matched for gender, age and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. The following tests were performed: fast plasma glucose (FG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), lipid profile, uric acid (UA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation rate using colorimetric assay. The PAF-AH activity was analyzed using colorimetric assay (Cayman Chemical). RESULTS: The analysis of PAF-AH activity showed a higher enzyme activity in patients with DM 1 than in control subjects (0.0150 ± 0.0051 vs. 0.0116 ± 0.0041; p < 0.001). In patients with DM 1, a direct correlation between PAF-AH activity and age and LDL, and an inverse correlation between PAF-AH and HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were found. CONCLUSION: In the sample studied, PAF-AH showed a higher activity in patients with DM 1, a factor that may be related to the higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases observed in these patients. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the real participation of this enzyme in the risk of development of atherosclerotic diseases in patients with DM 1.

Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms in people in the East Mediterranean area of Turkey

Point mutations in the receptor binding domain of low density lipoprotein may increase cholesterol levels in blood. Three mutations of Apo B-100 protein result in defective binding [Arg 3500 ----> [corrected] Gln, Arg 3500 ----> [corrected] Trp and Arg 3531 ----> [corrected] Cys]. We estimated the frequency of Apo B point mutations [codon 3500] C9774T [Arg 3500 ----> [corrected] Trp] and G9775A [Arg 3500 ----> [corrected] Gln] in 179 atherosclerotic, 145 hyperlipidaemic individuals and 272 healthy individuals in the east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured with routine biochemical analyser and Apo B mutation was detected using real-time PCR. Neither mutation was found. In this region, Apo B-100 protein mutations are rare and causes of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis may therefore be unrelated to them

Intervalos de referencia para índices de riesgo aterogénico en pacientes normolipémicos / Reference intervals for atherogenic risk indexes in nomolipemic patients

Los índices de riesgo aterogénico resultan importantes en la detección de individuos con probabilidad de padecer aterosclerosis. Dado que los niveles lipídicos utilizados en su cálculo son afectados por las metodologías usadas en su determinación y por variables poblaciones como el sexo, la edad, el hábitat geográfico, etc., el objetivo del presente trabajo fue hallar los valores de referencia de dichos índices para la población de pacientes del Hospital Pedro Fiorito acorde a las metódicas de trabajo de su laboratorio. Para ello se seleccionaron sueros de pacientes ambulatorios mayores de 20 años con un perfil lipídico normal definido por: CT < 240 mg/dl, TG < 150 mg/dl, C-HDL > 40 mg/dl y C-LDL < 160 mg/dl; sobre estas muestras se dosó posteriormente Apo AI y B descartándose aquellas con Apo AI < 116 mg/dl y/o Apo B > 124 mg/dl por escapar del rango de referencia del laboratorio. De esta doble selección se recuperaron 252 muestras (129 mujeres y 123 hombres) sobre las cuales se calcularon los índices CT/C-HDL, C-LDL/C-HDL, Apo B/C-HDL, Apo AI/Apo B y C-LDL/Apo B, no observándose diferencias entre ambos sexos para un nivel de significación de 0,05. Los intervalos resultantes (media ñ DE) fueron: CT/C-HDL=3,4 ñ 0,6; C-LDL/C-HDL= 2,0 ñ 0,5; Apo B/C-HDL=1,7 ñ 0,4; Apo AI/Apo B= 1,5 ñ 0,3 y C-LDL/Apo B=1,2 ñ 0,2. El único índice que no presentó concordancia con los niveles de corte hallados en la bibliografía fue C-LDL/Apo B donde el valor reportado 1,3 (por debajo del cual se presentan LDL pequeñas y densas) cayó dentro de la media ñ DE. Se destaca, entonces, la importancia de determinar valores de referencia propios de cada laboratorio a fin de evaluar correctamente el riesgo aterogénico de sus pacientes

Dyslipidemia and lipid peroxidation in type I diabetic children with good glycemic control: response to antioxidant therapy

The study included 27 type I diabetic children [14 males and 13 females] aged 6-13 years who attended the Diabetic Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Department in Tanta University Hospital. They were divided into two groups: Group I: twelve type I DM children with good glycemic control. Group II: fifteen freshly diagnosed type I DM children. Fifteen healthy children of matched age and sex served as controls [group III]. Clinical examination, CBC, Fasting blood glucose, urine analysis, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1C], serum lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, Apo-A I and Apo-B], superoxide dismutase [SOD] in RBCs, and malondialdehyde [MDA] in serum were done. Patients of group I were given a 3-week course of vitamin E plus vitamin C after which the effect on serum MDA was studied. Both groups I and II showed significantly elevated serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, Apo-A1 and Apo-B and decreased HDL as compared to controls. They also showed decreased RBCs-SOD [indicating decreased antioxidant status] and increased serum MDA [indicating increased lipid peroxidation] as compared to controls. On vitamin E and C supplementation to group I, serum MDA showed a significant decrease. It is suggested that dyslipidemia, impaired antioxidant status and increased lipid peroxidation can occur in type I diabetic children despite good glycemic control and that vitamin E and C supplementation can be helpful in these cases to decrease lipid peroxidation and consequently diabetic complications

Comparative study of apoproteins A and B in diabetic and nondiabetic elderly

A clinical thesis was done to study the effect of diabetes mellitus on lipid profile of the elderly particularly apoprotein Al, being the major apoprotein of HDL, and apoprotein B, being the major apoprotein of LDL. The outpatient clinic of Geriatric department of Ain Shams University hospitals was chosen as a scene for this thesis. The lipid profile in diabetic elderly shown by this study is,. increase in cholesterol level, increase in triglyceride level, low HDL level, high LDL, low apo-Al level and increase in apoB as compared to non diabetic elderly. 25% of the diabetics in this study have high cholesterol level as compared to 10% in non diabetics. 15% of the diabetics have high level of'triglycerides as compared to only 5% of the non diabetics. 35% of diabetics have low HDL as compared to 10% in nondiabetics. As for LDL, 15% of the diabetics have high LDL level as comnpared to 5% of non diabetics, 20% of the diabetics tend to have low apo-Al level as compared to only 5% of the non diabetics. As for apoprotein B, 85% of the diabetics have normal level of apo-B, with only 10% of the diabetics having low level of apo-B as compared to 15% of non diabetics. However the mean level of apo-B among diabetics 96.4mg/dl was greater than among non diabetics 78. 7 mg/dl. There were sex variations of the lipid profile of both groups with the females having higher cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and apo-Al levels and lower LDL and apo-B levels than males

Influence of menopause on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipids

It has been generally accepted that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases with menopause in women. However, recent reports show different results. There is very little data concerning perimenopausal women. To verify these findings, lipids and lipoprotein(a) +AFs-Lp(a)+AF0- levels were compared among pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women of similar mean ages. Postmenopausal women had higher HDL-C levels than premenopausal women (p+ADw-0.001) and there was no difference between peri- and postmenopausal women. LDL-C level in perimenopausal women was lower than in postmenopausal women (p+ADw-0.001) and higher than in premenopausal women with borderline significance (p+AD0-.051). Total cholesterol levels showed stepwise elevation from premenopause to postmenopause. Perimenopausal women had lower Lp(a) levels than postmenopausal women (p+ADw-0.0005) and similar levels to premenopausal women. Lp(a) levels between 0.1 to 10.0 mg/dL were the most prevalent in pre- and perimenopausal women, and those between 10.1 to 20.0 mg/dL in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, menopause itself is associated with the elevation of HDL-C level, and the postmenopausal increase of coronary artery disease is not related to postmenopausal change of HDL-C level. Perimenopausal status, although transient, may favor Lp(a) and lipid profiles for delaying atherosclerosis.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism and coagulation factor VII Arg353-->Gln polymorphism in Korean patients with coronary artery disease

An increased risk for arterial thrombosis is associated with high plasma levels of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors such as PAI-1 and FVII. In this study, the 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter of PAI-1 gene and Arg353-->Gln polymorphism in the FVII gene were analysed in 139 normal adults and 158 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and their association with plasma lipid traits was investigated. There were no significant differences in the allele frequencies of PAI-1 and FVII polymorphisms between control and patient groups. The allelic distributions of both polymorphisms in Koreans were similar to those in Japanese but significantly different from those in Caucasians. In the CAD group, the 4G homozygotes of PAI-1 polymorphism showed significantly higher levels of total (p=0.0250) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.0335) with individuals having other genotypes. However, FVII polymorphism showed no association with lipid levels. In conclusion, the 4G/5G PAI-1 promoter polymorphism and Arg353-->Gln FVII polymorphism are not major genetic risk factors for CAD in Koreans. However, 4G allele of PAI-1 polymorphism revealed to be associated with the levels of cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol levels in CAD patients.

Niveles de lipoproteína (a) en mujeres de mediana edad. Informe preliminar / Levels of lipoprotein(a) in middle aged women. Preliminary report

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para conocer los niveles de lipoproteína (a) en mujeres de edad mediana. Se investigaron las 32 mujeres asistentes consecutivamente a la Consulta de Climaterio del INEN en los meses de mayo a noviembre de 1997, en cada una se precisó: edad actual (años), raza, etapa climatérica (pre y posmenopausia), tipo de menopausia (espontánea o quirúrgica), índice de masa corporal, tensión arterial máxima y mínima. Se determinaron los parámetros lipídicos siguientes: colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDLcol, Lp(a), apoproteína A1 y B, y la relación colesterol total/HDLcol. Se obtuvieron los resultados siguientes: Lp(a) y la razón Col.total/HDLcol elevados mientras que las restantes variables lipídicas estudiadas se encontraron dentro del rango de referencias. Los niveles de LDLcol fueron mayores (p < 0,05) durante la posmenopausia y en aquellas mujeres con menopausia quirúrgica, aunque en ambos casos los valores estuvieron en el rango de referencia. Se encontró correlación lineal positiva significativa entre los niveles de Lp(a) y la LDLcol. En conclusión, los niveles de la Lp(a) tienden a elevarse a partir de la menopausia y al parecer, más rápidamente que el resto de los parámetros lipídicos estudiados, lo cual pudiera identificar la presencia silente del desarrollo de la aterosclerosis(AU)

Seriam as apolipoproteínas A e B mais eficientes do que as lipoproteínas na investigaçäo de risco de doença arterial coronariana obstructiva? / Are apolipoprotein A and B better than lipoproteins for assessing risk of obstructive coronary heart disease?

Objetivo - Avaliar se as apolipoproteínas A (ApoA-I) e B (ApoB) São melhores que lipoproteínas (LP), colesterol total (CT), colesterol de alta densidade (HDL), baixa densidade (LDL), muito baixa densidade e triglicerídeos (TGL) para aferir o risco coronariano. Métodos - Estudo transversal de caso-controle, incluindo de 241 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: 1) com doença arterial coronariana (DAC), constituído de 145 pacientes, média de idade 61,5 anos e 2) com 96 pacientes sem coronariopatia, média de idade 56,7 anos. O poder da amostra foi de 80 por cento e o p-alfa significativo foi inferior a relação entre as LP e DAC foi realizado, no qual doram incluídas as variáveis com um p-alfa inferior a 0,1. Resultados - Em modelo de regressão logística, a ApoA-I foi significantemente maior nos pacientes sem DAC (OR2,08, IC 1,20 - 3,57). Quanto aos valores preditivos positivos, não houve diferença estatística entre os valores da ApoA-I e demais frações lipídicas (ApoA-I: 67 por cento; ApoB: 100 por cento; CT: 71 por cento; TGC: 71 por cento; HDL: 71 por cento e LDL: 71 por cento). Os custos (em reais) foram, respectivamente, ApoA-I56,60; ApoB-100 56,60; CT9,94; HDL21,30; LDL 28,40; TGL 14,20. Conclusão - As dosagens séricas das ApoA-I e ApoB não têm vantagens sobre as lipoprotéinas convencionais para a previsão de risco coronariano, apesar da associação estatística entre ApoA-I e DAC, sendo seu custo mais elevado.

Some biochemical aspects associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure

This study included fifteen patients diagnosed as chronic non-nephrotic renal failure to whom dialysis had never been done and thirty patients diagnosed as chronic non-nephrotic renal failure who were under maintenance hemodialysis for at least one year. In addition a control group of 10 healthy subjects of matched age, sex and socioeconomic status was included in the study. To all subjects the following was done: serum Lp[a], apolipoprotein-B, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] and lipid profile. Serum Lp[a] was found to be higher in both chronic renal failure groups, either dialyzed or un-dialyzed, when compared to controls. TBARS levels were significantly elevated in both dialyzed and undialyzed group of patients than the control group. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was 20% in the non-dialyzed group of patients and 40% in the dialyzed group in-spite of the normal or subnormal serum total cholesterol. This point out to the possibility that other lipoprotein abnormalities such as the increased Lp[a] and increased lipid peroxidation are probably incriminated in the prevalence of accelerated atherosclerosis. It could be concluded that Lp[a] is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure patients. This risk increases with the process of hemodialysis. Increased lipid peroxidation in these patients is an additional factor for the accelerated atherosclerosis

La terapia hormonal sustitutiva modifica la composición en ácidos grasos de fosfolípidos de HDL / Hormone replacement therapy modifies the fatty-acid composition of HDL phospholipids

Las mujeres postmenospáusicas tienen un riesgo aumentado de padecer enfermedad coronaria en comparación con las premenospáusicas. Sin embargo, el riesgo disminuye cuando se realiza terapia hormonal sustitutiva. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar el posible efecto de la terapia con 17 ß Estradiol (E2) o de la combinación de 17 ß Estradiol y Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona (AMP), sobre las concentraciones plásmicas de colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, colesterol VLDL y triglicéridos, fracciones de conocida participación en la aterogénesis. También se estudió la composición de ácidos grasos de fosfolípidos de la fracción no retenida obtenida por cromatografía de afinidad con Concanavalina A. Al cabo de 30 días de tratamiento con E2, el colesterol total disminuyó desde 226,0 ñ 54,4 mg/dl hasta 202,0 ñ 51,7 mg/dl; los niveles de triglicéridos descendieron desde 106,3 ñ 31,3 mg/dl hasta 80,6 ñ 13,9 mg/dl (p < 0,05), posiblemente a expensas de la fracción VLDL (21,3 ñ 6,2 mg/dl vs. 16,9 ñ 2,5 mg/dl); los fosfolípidos de la fracción no retenida de Concanavalina A mostraron una disminución de los ácidos grasos mirístico, palmítico y esteárico, y un aumento concomitante de los ácidos grasos oleico y linoleico. Los cambios observados con la administración de E2 tendieron a anularse cuando se agregó Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona

Dyslipoproteinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus

The aim of the study is to examine the changes in plasma lipids and apoprotein A in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, a trial to find out the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis in those patients. The study was conducted on 36 patients with SLE and 15 healthy volunteers matched to the SLE group for age, sex and body mass index to show the changes in plasma lipids and apo-A in SLE. The study indicated that SLE as a disease process, in addition to prednisone therapy, has a role in premature atherosclerosis since apo-A is the active factor that helps HDL-C to mobilize cholesterol from the arterial wall, also it is anti-atherosclerotic and anti-fibrinolytic

Proyecto de estandarización para la medición de apolipoproteínas A-I y B: II evaluación y selección de candidatos a materiales de referencia / Proyect of standarization for the measurement of apolipoproteins A-I y B: evaluation and selection of candidates by material of reference

La primera fase de un estudio internacional en colaboración para estandarizar sistemas de análisis para la medición de apo A-I y B, demostró que la uniformidad de tales mediciones puede conseguirse si se usan materiales de referencia comunes, adecuados para calibrar los distintos sistemas. Durante esta fase, varios candidatos a materiales de referencia fueron seleccionados para una posterior evaluación como materiales de referencia internacionales. El objetivo de la segunda fase del estudio, fue evaluar la linealidad y el paralelismo o proporcionalidad de los candidatos a materiales seleccionados en la fase 1, y determinar si alguno de ellos puede proponerse como material de referencia internacional. Para evaluar los materiales de referencia propuestos, fueron usados 37 sistemas de análisis, para apo A-I y 38 para apo B, abarcando a 23 fabricantes y 5 laboratorios de investigación. Para apo A-I fueron propuestas 2 preparaciones liofilizadas, SP1 de Behringwerke AG, Alemania, y SP2 de Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co, Japón; y para apo B, se propusieron 2 preparaciones líquidas, SP3 de Behringwerke AG, Alemania y SP4 de Reagents Applications, USA. La linealidad de los candidatos a materiales de referencia fue comparada con la de un pool de sueros frescos congelados, o materiales de referencia sérico provisorio (MRSP), distribuido a todos los participantes y con la de un pool de suero fresco (PSF), preparado por cada participante. El C.V. total entre laboratorios, después de una calibración uniforme, medido sobre 6 muestras de sueros normolipémicos, fue cerca del 6%para apo A-I y alrededor del 7%para apo B. Los candidatos a materiales de referencia SP1 y SP3 exhibieron linealidad y paralelismo similar al del pool de suero fresco congelado y tenían CVs interlaboratorio menores o similares a los obtenidos en muestras de suero normolipémicos. Por lo tanto, estos dos materiales fueron seleccionados como candidatos internacionales a materiales de referencia

Proyecto de estandarización para medición de apolipoproteínas A-I y B: III Comparabilidad de los valores de Apo-I por el uso de material de referencia internacional / Proyect of standarization for measurement of apolipoproteins: comparability of the values of Apo-I for the use of material of reference international

En la Tercera Fase del estudio de la IFCC para la estandarización de la medición de apolipoproteína apo A-I fue investigada la preparación de SP1-01, seleccionada como candidata a material de referencia internacional para apo A-I, según su capacidad para transferir un valor basado en la exactitud a los calibradores de los inmunoensayos, y en producir comparabilidad de los valores en muestras de pacientes. Se asignó un valor de apo A-I de 1,50 g/L al SP1-01, mediante un radioinmunoensayo estandarizado, calibrado con apo A-I purificada, con un valor de masa determinado por análisis de aminoácidos. De acuerdo a un detallado protocolo en común, los participantes transfirieron el valor de masa del SP1-01 al calibrador de cada método. Cada laboratorio analizó 50 muestras de sueros frescos congelados, de individuos donantes, siguiendo un procedimiento similar al adoptado por el Cholesterol Reference Laboratory Network para confirmar que la uniformidad de la calibración asegura la comparabilidad de los valores sobre un amplio rango de valores de apo A-I. El valor medio consensuado sobre cada muestra estuvo en excelente concordancia con el valor asignado por el Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories, con la desviación absoluta promedio entre el valor asignado y el consensuado de 0.01 g/L. El CV interlaboratorios sobre cada una de las 50 muestras tuvo rangos entre 2.1%y 5.6%con un CV%promedio de 3.6%, demostrando que pueden obtenerse resultados de apo A-I comparables por una variedad de métodos inmunoquímicos, mediante el uso de materiales de referencia certificados. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos en estos estudios, el SP1-01 ha sido aprobado como material de referencia internacional por la Organización Mundial de la Salud

Serum chromium, HDL-cholestol and APO A-l in diabetic patients

This study was done on sixteen [16] non insulin dependent diabetics without atherosclerosis and sixteen [16] noninsulin dependent diabetics with atherosclerosis in addition to sixteen [16] normal controls. In this study we found that: [A] NIDD patients without atherosclerosis compared to controls. Serum chromium and APOAl showed non-significant change. Total cholesterol showed a significant increase. HDL-cholesterol showed a significant decrease. B. NIDD patients with atherosclerosis as compared to controls. - Serum chromium and HDL-cho1esterol showed a significant decrease. - APO A -l showed non-significant change. - Total cholesterol showed a significant increase. C. NIDD patients with atherosclerosis as compared to those without atherosclerosis. - Serum chromium and APO Al showed non-significant change. - Total cholesterol showed a significant increase - HDL-cholesterol showed a significant decrease