Disposición de los usuarios a participar en las prácticas clínicas de la carrera de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad de Chile / The users' willingness to participate in the clinical internships of the major Medical Technology of the University of Chile i:en

Introducción: los usuarios están empoderados de sus problemas de salud y derechos, esto obliga a los hospitales docentes a compatibilizar sus funciones asistencial y docente. Los usuarios a menudo juegan un rol pasivo en las prácticas, pero el cambio curricular hacia los modelos por competencias puede ser una oportunidad para involucrar a los usuarios en su evaluación. Objetivos: conocer la disposición de los usuarios a participar en prácticas clínicas y su rol en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Métodos: se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a ocho usuarios del Centro de Imagenología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile que contenía cinco preguntas abiertas que se analizaron de manera cualtativa. Las dimensiones analizadas abordaban la opinión respecto a ser sujetos de aprendizaje y la percepción de su rol actual en el desarrollo de prácticas. Resultados: los usuarios entrevistados tienen buena disposición a participar de las prácticas clínicas, pero expresan el deseo de ser informados de manera explícita antes de ser parte de ellas. A su vez, sienten que su rol es ser un facilitador físico para el logro de competencias en los estudiantes. Si pudieran evaluar a un estudiante luego de la atención, sienten que su colaboración sería para fortalecer habilidades comunicacionales de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: la disposición de los usuarios constatada en este estudio puede ser usada como un recurso para introducir la opinión del usuario en la evaluación de prácticas clínicas, de los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad de Chile. Es necesario implantar la solicitud de consentimiento informado explícito de actividades docentes para afianzar la disposición evidenciada(AU)

Introduction: The users are empowered regarding their rights and health issues, which compels the teaching hospitals to make their health care and teaching functions compatible. The users sometimes play a passive role in the internships, but the curricular change towards the competence models may be an opportunity to engage the users in their assessment. Objective: Know the users' willingness to participate in the clinical internships and their role in the teaching-learning process. Methods: A semi-structured interview with eight open questions qualitatively analyzed was conducted on eight users of the Image Center of the Clinical Hospital at the University of Chile. The analyzed dimensions considered their opinions about being subjects of the learning process and their perception about their current role in the development of internships. Results: The users interviewed have a goodwill to participate in the clinical internships, but express their wish to be explicitly informed before being part of them. They also feel that their role is being a physical facilitator for the students' competences. They feel that, if they could evaluate a student's after being treated, their cooperation would strengthen the students' communication skills. Conclusions: The users' willingness verified in this study may be used as a resource to introduce the user's opinion into the evaluation of clinical internships of the Medical Technology students of University of Chile. The explicit and informed consent request for teaching activities need to be implemented to consolidate the willingness shown(AU)

Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas de uma cidade do nordeste brasileiro em relação ao código de defesa do consumidor e suas implicações na prática odontológica / Knowledge of dentists of a city in northeastern Brazil in relation to the consumer protection code and its implications for dental practice

A resolução de muitos dos problemas que ocorrem cotidianamente no consultório odontológico requer oconhecimento da legislação pátria, em especial o Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Assim, o presentetrabalho objetiva avaliar o conhecimento e práticas dos cirurgiões-dentistas em relação ao Código deDefesa do Consumidor. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, de análise dadosprimários. A amostra constituiu-se de 173 cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes em consultório/clínica particular oulocatários de locais para atendimento odontológico na condição de autônomos. O instrumento de coletade dados foi estruturado com questões fechadas e abertas, com base nos objetivos propostos. Os dadoscoletados foram transcritos e analisados no SPSS Statistics 20.0.0 e as tabelas e gráficos foramconstruídas no Microsoft Office Excel 2007. 173 profissionais aceitaram participar da pesquisa.Observaram-se aspectos como a falta de conhecimento por parte da maioria destes a respeito daslegislações com base nas quais podem ser processados, bem como das esferas jurídicas nas quais estesprocessos podem ocorrer. O tempo de conservação da documentação odontológica e de garantia dosorçamentos é a forma mais comum de esclarecimento dos pacientes a respeito de fatos decorrentes dotratamento. Pode-se concluir que os profissionais necessitam de maior conhecimento sobre a legislaçãoque se aplica nas relações profissionais com seus pacientes.

The resolution of many problems that daily occur on dental offices requires knowledge of Brazilian legislation, particularly of the Consumer Protection Code. The present study aims to evaluate theknowledge and practices of dentists related to the Consumer Protection Code. It was a descriptive,exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of primary data. The sample consisted of 173 dentists that work atprivate office or self-employers in rental dental offices. Data tool of collection was structured with closedand open questions, based on the proposed goals. Collected data were transcribed and analyzed usingSPSS Statistics 20.0.0. Tables and graphics were built using Microsoft Office 2007. 173 professionals agreed to participate. Aspects as lack of legislation knowledge of most part of them were observed underwhich it could be sued, as well as Legal spheres where it can happen. Dental records storage time andguarantee of service proposals are the most common way of awareness among patients about proceduresresulted from treatment. It can be concluded that professionals need more knowledge about legislationthat applies on the relation of professionals with their patients.

Development of Nutrition Education Program for Consumers to Reduce Sodium Intake Applying the Social Cognitive Theory: Based on Focus Group Interviews / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop nutrition education program for consumers to reduce sodium intake based on social cognitive theory (SCT). METHODS: The main factors of SCT related to low sodium diet were investigated by using focus group interview (FGI) with 30 women who participated in consumer organizations. RESULTS: The main target groups for the education program were housewives (H), parents (P), and the office workers (OW), for which we considered their influences on other people and the surroundings. According to the results of FGI, in carrying out low sodium diet, 'positive outcome expectation' were prevention of chronic disease and healthy dietary habit, and 'negative outcome expectation' were low palatability of foods, difficulty in cooking meals, and limited choice of foods. The contents of the program and education materials were individualized by each group to raise self-efficacy and behavioral capability, which reflected the results of the FGI. The program included 'salt intake and health' to raise positive outcome expectation. For improving the ability to practice low-sodium diet, the program contained the contents that focused on 'cooking' and 'food purchasing' for H, on 'purchasing and selection of low-sodium food with the children' for P, and on 'way of selecting restaurant menu' for OW. Also the program included 'way of choosing the low-sodium foods when eating out' with suggestions on sodium content of the dishes and snacks. Further, 'dietary guidelines to reduce sodium intake' was also suggested to help self-regulation. CONCLUSIONS: This nutrition education program and education materials could be utilized for the community education and provide the basis for further consumer targeted education program for reducing sodium intake.

Sobre as possibilidades de ação política na esfera do consumo / Acerca de las posibilidades de acción política en la esfera del consumo / On the possibilities of political action in the sphere of consumption

O debate a seguir visa a ilustrar o conjunto de estudos e pesquisas que vêm se dedicando a explicar a crescente importância da participação política na esfera do consumo. Em muitos estudos recentes, a politização do consumo é vista como um fator relevante na formação de uma nova consciência de cidadania. Tal politização é frequentemente associada com a participação em movimentos que se organizam para defender os interesses dos consumidores. Seguindo esta linha de raciocínio e usando uma análise comparativa, este trabalho pretende explicitar a conexão entre os principais temas presentes na história dos movimentos de consumidores no Brasil. Como um resultado importante desta análise, destacamos a agenda que orientou os movimentos de consumidores nos anos 1970, a saber, a questão do custo de vida, e o processo de transformação desta agenda, culminando no atual foco da sustentabilidade socioambiental.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo compilar la amplia gama de investigaciones que se ocupam del consumo como una forma de participación política. En muchos estudios recientes, la politización por el consumo es visto como un factor para la formación de una nueva conciencia ciudadana. Esta politización se asocia a menudo con la participación en los movimientos que se organizan para proteger los intereses de los consumidores. Siguiendo esta línea de razonamiento y el uso de un análisis comparativo, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto aclarar la conexión entre los temas principales en la historia del activismo de los consumidores en Brasil. Como resultado de esta revisión, se destacan la agenda que guió a los movimientos de consumidores en la década de 1970, a saber, la cuestión del costo de vida, y el proceso de transformación de este programa que culminó con el enfoque actual de la sostenibilidad ambiental.

The following discussion aims to illustrate the range of studies and research that have dedicated themselves to explain the growing importance of political participation in the sphere of consumption. In many recent studies the politicization of consumption is seen as a relevant factor in the formation of a new consciousness of citizenship. Such politicization is often associated with participation in movements that are organized to defend consumers' interests. Following this line of reasoning, using a comparative analysis, this paper aims to clarify the connection between the main themes present in the history of consumer movements in Brazil. As an important result of this analysis, we highlight the agenda that guided the consumer movements in the 1970s, namely the issue of cost of living, and the process of transformation of this agenda until the current focus on social and environmental sustainability.

A representação dos usuários nos Conselhos de Saúde: uma contribuição para o debate / The users' representation in the Health Councils: a contribution to the debate

Os Conselhos de Saúde, institucionalizados no início da década de 1990, foram concebidos como alternativas ao modelo tradicional de representação de interesses. Eles passaram a ter o poder legal de formular estratégias e controlar a execução da política de saúde nos níveis federal, estadual e municipal. Hoje em dia, todos os municípios e estados do Brasil têm um Conselho de Saúde, com representantes dos usuários, profissionais e gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os usuários têm representação paritária em relação aos outros dois segmentos. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as motivações que os representantes dos usuários têm para participar dessa instância pública de representação de interesses. Metodologicamente, foram entrevistados doze Conselheiros representantes dos usuários no Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre e Recife. Os indícios encontrados nas palavras dos representantes dos usuários entrevistados indicaram a ratificação de práticas patrimonialistas. Este artigo se soma ao esforço analítico de alguns pesquisadores que, nos últimos anos, têm avaliado a experiência de organização e atuação dos Conselhos de Saúde, e inova ao avaliar o ponto de vista dos representantes dos usuários.

The Health Councils, institutionalized in the early 1990s, were designed as alternatives to the traditional model of lobbying. They have the legal power to formulate strategies and monitor implementation of health policy at the federal, state and municipal levels. Today, all municipalities and states in Brazil have a Health Council, with representatives of users, professionals and managers of the Unified Health System. Users have equal representation in the other two segments. This paper aims to assess the motivations that representatives of the users have to participate in this instance the public interest representation. Methodologically were interviewed 12 councilors, representatives of users in Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and Recife. The evidence found in the words of the users' counselors surveyed indicated the ratification of patrimonial practices. This paper adds to the analytical efforts of some researchers in recent years have evaluated the experience of organization and actions of the Health Councils, and innovates to assess the views of users' counselors.

Off-label or Unlicensed Drug Prescriptions in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

The purpose of licensing system is to ensure that the medicines are examined for safety, efficacy and quality. Nevertheless, off-label or unlicensed drug usages in pediatric practice is widespread in Korea and worldwide. Psychotropics are one of the most commonly used off-label or unlicensed drugs. The most valid approach to face this dilemma will be to have more evidences from pediatric pharmacological studies. Clinicians, in addition, need to monitor closely their off-label or unlicensed drug prescriptions to minimize the trial and error in practice. Researchers should publish their experiences and provide guidelines. Pharmaceutical companies, regulatory authorities, and consumer organizations should endeavor altogether for the children's right to get safe and efficacious drugs as adults do. Here, the definition as well as the current status of off-label and unlicensed drug prescriptions will be introduced. Critical issues regarding the off label drugs are discussed. In addition, I will describe the present condition as to the off-label and unlicensed drugs in child and adolescent psychiatry and the authorization process of off-label drug prescription in Korea. Lastly, direction we should like to take in this field will be mentioned.

The Prevalence of Substance Use and Its Associations amongst Students Attending High School in Mitchells Plain; Cape Town

Purpose: In South Africa; there has been an increase in illicit drug trafficking and consumption and associated problems since the 1990s. Mitchells Plain in Cape Town is seen as a community battling with crime; gangsterism; unemployment; overcrowding; substance abuse and poverty. This study evaluated the actual prevalence of substance abuse amongst high school students in this community and factors associated with substance use. In particular; the study evaluated the use of tik (crystal methamphetamine); a relatively new drug. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed amongst 12 secondary schools in Mitchells Plain; Grade 8 and Grade 11 classes were randomly selected to produce a sample of 438 learners. The students completed an anonymous questionnaire that contained enquiries on substance use; demographic and school performance details; and personal and sexual risks. Results: Lifetime and annual prevalence rates were: alcohol (50.6/41.0); tobacco smoking (49.7/36.2); cannabis (32.1/21.1); crystal methamphetamine (9.2/4.6); ecstasy (4.4/2.7); mandrax (2.1/0.9); solvents (3.0/0.9) and cocaine (0.9/0.9). Illicit substance use was significantly associated with age (OR 1.6; CI 1.2-2.2); substance use by other members of the household (OR 2.8; CI 1.2-6.3); carrying a knife (OR 10.9; CI 4.2-28.8); attempted suicide (OR 3.7; CI 1.4-9.5) and higher sexual risk (OR 1.6; CI 1.2-2.3). Conclusion: The prevalence of substance use amongst adolescent students attending high schools in Mitchells Plain; Cape Town; is high for all substances relative to national and international figures. Government officials; educators and health care workers are alerted to the need for more comprehensive interventions to prevent and treat substance abuse in this and similar communities

Caracterización de la satisfacción del usuario en los diferentes servicios de fisioterapia en Bogotá / Characterization of user satisfaction in different physical therapy services in Bogotá

Esta investigación es el estudio descriptivo, transversal, que tiene como finalidad llegar a conocer de manera objetiva la satisfacción del usuario en cuanto a la prestación de servicios de fisioterapia en diferentes instituciones de Bogotá. Para esto se utilizó el cuestionario de Romero & Romero (2003), el cual se modificó para caracterizar la satisfacción en cuanto a la prestación de servicios se tomaron muestras de 30 instituciones de Bogotá, y se realizaron 25 encuestas en cada una de éstas. Los datos se analizaron por medio de frecuencia y porcentaje, y se encontró que había un buen nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios que acuden al servicio de fisioterapia en Bogotá.

Vamos. Guia para la conformación de comites de usuarias / We go. Guide for the conformation of committees of users

Esta obra propone una gu¡a a seguirse para la conformaci¢n de comités de usuarias, con el objetivo de impulsar la participaci¢n ciudadana y conseguir un desarrollo local a partir de la comunidad, favoreciendo la aplicaci¢n de la Ley de Maternidad Gratuita y Atenci¢n a la Infancia, que constituyen dos pilares trascendentales en la acci¢n del mencionado Comité...

Dia mundial de proteccion de los derechos de los consumidores: 15 de marzo de 1997 los consumidores y el medio ambiente cambiando nuestros estilos y forma de vida / World day of protection of the consumers rights: march 15, 1997 consumers and environment changing of life styles

El dia Mundial de los Derechos del Consumidor, celebrado cada año en fecha 15 de marzo, reclama respeto a los valores eticos en la promocion y comercializacion de bienes y servicios, asi como la preservacion de un medio ambiente saludable

Associados idosos da caixa de assistência de um banco estatal - um inquérito domiciliar multidimensional / Aspects of health and quality of life of the elderly associated to the Caixa de Assistencia (CASSI) of Banco do Brasil

Objetiva avaliar aspectos ligados à saúde e à qualidade de vida da população com 60 anos ou mais, associada da Caixa de Assistência dos Funcionários do Banco do Brasil - CASSI. Utiliza como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário multidimensional para estudos comunitários com populações idosas, desenvolvido a partir do questionário BOAS

A participaçäo dos usuários na gerência dos sistemas de saúde: o papel da comunidade / Consumer participation in health system management: the community role

Aborda o papel da participaçäo comunitária no processo de gerenciamento do sistema de saúde, na cidade de Botucatu, representada pelas organizaçöes populares como associaçöes de moradores, sindicatos e entidades sociais

Bases para promover la participacion de la comunidad en programas de salud / Bases for promotion of community participation in health programs

Se presenta una sintesis de los conceptos fundamnetales de la organizacion de las comunidades rurales, para la participacion en la promocion de la salud y la prevencion de la enfermedad tendiendo en cuenta las caracteristicas sociales de la poblacion del municipio de La Palma (Cundinamarca) perteneciente a la regional 1. Se describe la funcion y organizacion del comites comunitarios de salud y el rol de enfermera y de las promotoras de salud y finalmente se relacionan las actividades promovidas por la enfermera durante la practica del servicio social obligatorio..