Hep Par-1: a novel immunohistochemical marker for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma

To evaluate the diagnostic utility of Hep par-1 in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma taking histopathology as a gold standard. Comparative cross-sectional study. Pathology Department, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, from April 2007 to February 2008. Hep par-1 immunohistochemical stain was performed on 60 cases of liver carcinoma, 30 cases each of metastatic and hepatocellular carcinoma. Information regarding patient age, gender, sign and symptoms, radiographic findings, histological grade of tumour, and expression of Hep par-1 on hepatocellular and metastatic carcinoma were recorded on proforma sheet. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of Hep par-1 were calculated using the formulas. Hep par-1 expression was noted in 25 out of 30 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma [83%]. Out of 30 cases of metastatic carcinoma, only one case expressed staining in < 5% tumour cells and remaining 29 cases showed no reactivity. The age of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ranged from 40 to 76 years with a median age of 60.5 years and 40 - 75 years for metastatic carcinomas with a median age of 57.5 years. Hep par-1 is a reliable immunohistochemical marker for cases of hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. It can be used along with other markers in morphologically difficult cases when differential diagnosis lies between poorly differentiated HCC and metastatic carcinoma of liver

Immunohistochemical validation of TLE1, a novel marker, for synovial sarcomas.

Background & objectives: Logistic and financial constraints limit application of several available immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and molecular analysis in every case of synovial sarcoma, diagnosed in our settings. Recently, TLE1 has been recognized as a robust IHC marker for diagnosing a synovial sarcoma. Here, we present IHC features of synovial sarcomas, including TLE1 expression in these cases and in some other tumours. Methods: Conventional sections from 42 synovial sarcomas (30 retrospective & 12 prospectively diagnosed) were subjected to TLE1 IHC staining, including 21 tumours confirmed with molecular testing. TLE1 immunostaining was graded from 0, 1+, 2+, 3+, with 2+ or 3+ grades interpreted as positive staining. Results: Of the 42 tumours, 26 (61.9%) were of monophasic spindle cell type, 13 biphasic type (30.9%), two (4.7%) calcifying type and remaining one (2.3%) was a poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), tumours were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (26/34, 76.4%), cytokeratin (CK)7 (6/10, 60%), CK/MNF116 (6/21, 28.6%), B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) (36/37, 97.3%), cluster of differentiation molecule 99 (MIC2) (23/31, 74.1%) and transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) (40/42, 95.2%), while negative for CD34 in all 21 tumours, wherever performed. TLE1 was also positive in tumour controls, including schwannomas (5/5, 100%), neurofibromas (2/2, 100%), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (2/12, 17%) and Ewing sarcomas (4/10, 40%). TLE1 sensitivity for diagnosis of synovial sarcomas was 95.2 per cent. Its overall specificity was 63.7 per cent, whereas with regards to tumors forming its closest differential diagnoses, its specificity was 72 per cent. Interpretation & conclusions: Although molecular confirmation is the diagnostic gold standard for synovial sarcoma, TLE1, in view of its high sensitivity may be a useful marker within the optimal IHC panel comprising EMA, BCL2, MIC2, CD34 and CK7, especially on small biopsy samples, for substantiating a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. Awareness of TLE1 expression in other tumours and its correct interpretation are necessary.

Does undetectable basal Tg measured with a highly sensitive assay in the absence of antibodies and combined with normal ultrasonography ensure the absence of disease in patients treated for thyroid carcinoma? / Tireoglobulina basal indetectável medida com ensaio ultrassensível na ausência de anticorpos e combinada com ultrassonografia normal assegura ausência de doença em pacientes tratados de câncer de tireoide?

It has been proposed that, in patients treated for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, undetectable basal thyroglobulin (Tg) levels measured with a highly sensitive assay in the absence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and combined with negative neck ultrasonography (US) ensured the absence of disease. We report a series of five patients with well-differentiated (papillary) carcinoma submitted to total thyroidectomy with apparently complete tumor resection, followed by remnant ablation with 131I (100-150 mCi), who had no distant metastases upon initial post-therapy whole-body scanning. When tumor recurrence or persistence was detected, these patients presented undetectable basal Tg (0.1 ng/mL) in the absence of TgAb, and US showed no anomalies. Two patients had lymph node metastases, one had mediastinal metastases, bone involvement was observed in one patient, and local recurrence in one. We conclude that further studies are needed to define in which patients undetectable basal Tg (negative TgAb) combined with negative US is sufficient, and no additional tests are required.

Tem sido proposto que em pacientes tratados de carcinoma bem diferenciado da tireoide o encontro de valores basais indetectáveis de tireoglobulina (Tg), dosada por ensaios ultrassensíveis, na ausência de anticorpos antitireoglobulina (TgAc), e combinado à ultrassonografia (US) cervical negativa, asseguraria ausência de doença. Reportamos aqui uma série de cinco pacientes com carcinoma bem diferenciado (papilífero), submetidos à tireoidectomia total, com ressecção tumoral aparentemente completa, seguida da ablação de remanescentes com 131I (100-150 mCi), sem metástases distantes na pesquisa de corpo inteiro pós-dose inicial, que, na ocasião em que a recorrência ou persistência tumoral foi detectada, apresentavam Tg basal indetectável (0.1 ng/ml), TgAc negativos e US sem anormalidades. Dois pacientes tinham metástases linfonodais, um tinha mediastinal, outro acometimento ósseo e um recorrência local. Concluímos que mais estudos são necessários para a definição de que pacientes com Tg basal indetectável (sem TgAc) combinada à US sem anormalidades seria suficiente, dispensando testes adicionais.

In vitro induction of anterior gradient-2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by dendritic cells transduced with recombinant adenoviruses as a potential therapy for colorectal cancer

Anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) promotes tumor growth, cell migration, and cellular transformation, and is one of the specific mRNA markers for circulating tumor cells in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. We investigated the feasibility of AGR2 as a potent antigen for tumor immunotherapy against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells using dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with a recombinant adenovirus harboring the AGR2 gene (AdAGR2). DCs transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding the AGR2 gene (AdAGR2/DCs) were characterized. These genetically-modified DCs expressed AGR2 mRNA as well as AGR2 protein at a multiplicity of infection of 1,000 without any significant alterations in DC viability and cytokine secretion (IL-10 and IL-12p70) compared with unmodified DCs as a control. In addition, AdAGR2 transduction did not impair DC maturation, but enhanced expression of HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86. AdAGR2/DCs augmented the number of IFN-gamma-secreting T-cells and elicited potent AGR2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes capable of lysing AGR2-expressing CRC cell lines. These results suggest that AGR2 act as a potentially important antigen for immunotherapy against CRC in clinical applications.

Subtipos moleculares do câncer de mama / Molecular subtypes of breast cancer

O câncer de mama apresenta alta heterogeneidade clínica, morfológica e biológica, fato esse justificado pela existência de diversas formas moleculares. Diferentes perfis de expressão gênica foram caracterizados, possibilitando a identificação de subtipos moleculares distintos, com fatores prognósticos e alvos terapêuticos específicos. Esta revisão foi conduzida utilizando artigos científicos das bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e PubMed e teve como objetivo discutir os subtipos moleculares do câncer de mama e suas principais características. O subtipo luminal A apresenta, com relação aos demais, o melhor prognóstico. Na sua maioria, são tumores histologicamente de baixo grau e apresentam resposta inferior à quimioterapia, enquanto, tumores luminais B apresentam maior proliferação e são, muitas vezes, de alto grau histológico. O subtipo superexpressão do receptor tipo 2 do fator de crescimento epidérmico humano (HER2), sem a terapia adjuvante sistêmica, tem menor sobrevida livre de doença e elevada taxa de recorrência, porém se beneficia de terapias alvoespecíficas. O subtipo basaloide demonstra prognóstico mais reservado, associado à menor sobrevida livre de doença e à menor sobrevida global. A anatomia patológica e o teste de imunoistoquímica, através da classificação tumoral, são de fundamental relevância na abordagem terapêutica do carcinoma mamário. Para a atual classificação molecular por imunoistoquímica, recomenda-se a adoção do painel de fatores preditivos receptor de estrogênio (RE), receptor de progesterona (RP) e HER2 para todos os casos, adicionando-se outros marcadores, como o receptor tipo 1 do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR), a citoceratina 5 e o Ki-67

Breast cancer has highly heterogeneous clinical, morphological and biological features, a fact that is justified by the existence of several molecular forms. Different gene expression profiles were characterized, enabling the identification of different molecular subtypes with specific prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. This review was conducted using scientific articles of the databases MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS and PubMed, and aimed to discuss the molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their main characteristics. The luminal A subtype, when compared with the others, features the best prognosis. Most tumors are histologically low grade and have less response to chemotherapy, while luminal B tumors have high cell proliferation rate and are most often high grade. The enriched subtype to receptor 2 human epidermal growth factor (HER2), without adjuvant systemic therapy, has a lower disease-free survival and higher recurrence rate, but it benefits from target-specific therapies. The basal-like subtype pattern shows poor prognosis associated with lower disease-free survival and shorter overall survival. The pathology and immunohistochemistry test, by tumor classification, are of fundamental importance in the therapeutic management of breast cancer. For the current molecular classification by immunohistochemistry, the adoption of the panel of the predictive factors estrogen receptors (ER), receptors progesterone (PR) and HER2 is recommended for all cases of breast cancer, adding other markers such as epidermal growth factor receptor type 1 (EGFR), the cytokeratin 5 and the Ki-67

Antibody detection against HPV16 E7 & GP96 fragments as biomarkers in cervical cancer patients.

Background & objectives: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among females worldwide, especially human papilloma viruses (HPV) types 16 and 18. In viral systems the identification of serological markers would facilitate the diagnosis of HPV infections and virus-related disease. The aim of the present investigation was to determine and search for serologic markers in cervical cancer patients associated with HPV. Methods: A total of 58 Iranian women with invasive cervical carcinoma including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were included. Serum antibody response to HPV infections in patients was detected by Western blot and ELISA techniques based on recombinant HPV16E7 and the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of gp96 (NT-gp96 and CT-gp96) proteins. These recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tag protein and purified using affinity chromatography. Results: The ELISA results indicated that patients with high antibody response to HPV16E7 had significant seroreactivity to CT-gp96 fragment. In Western blot analysis, a strong association between anti-E7, anti-NT-gp96 and anti-CT-gp96 reactivity and cervical cancer was obtained using purified recombinant proteins. In adenocarcinoma cases, no significant difference was observed in seroreactivities between normal and patients. Interpretation & conclusions: The evaluation of cervical cancer patients' seroreactivities against three recombinant proteins (rE7, rNT-gp96 and rCT-gp96) showed significantly higher levels of these markers in SCC only, but not in adenocarcinoma and control groups. Also, the usage of both techniques (ELISA and Western blotting) can provide more reliable tools for diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Contribuição da imuno-histoquímica na avaliação de fatores prognósticos e preditivos do câncer de mama e no diagnóstico de lesões mamárias / Contribution of immunohistochemistry to the assessment of prognostic and predictive factors of breast cancer and to the diagnosis of mammary lesions

OBJETIVO: Fazer análise crítica da contribuição da imuno-histoquímica na avaliação de fatores preditivos/prognósticos do câncer de mama, na pesquisa de micrometástases em linfonodos sentinela e no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões mamárias. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo observacional retrospectivo de todos os casos de lesões mamárias e linfonodos sentinelas submetidas a estudo imuno-histoquímico no Laboratório de Patologia Mamária da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) entre 2001 e 2007. Os casos foram classificados de acordo com a indicação do estudo imuno-histoquímico em três categorias: avaliação de fatores preditivos/prognósticos, pesquisa de células epiteliais metastáticas em linfonodos sentinela e definição diagnóstica. RESULTADOS: Foram realizados exames imuno-histoquímicos de 1.294 casos, totalizando 4.101 reações com 21 anticorpos diferentes. Na maioria dos casos, a imuno-histoquímica foi realizada para avaliação de fatores preditivos/prognósticos (1.106 casos, 85,5 por cento), seguido de pesquisa de células epiteliais metastáticas em linfonodos sentinelas (134 casos, 10,6 por cento) e diagnóstico diferencial de lesões mamárias (51 casos, 3,9 por cento). Obtiveram-se reações de boa qualidade com importante contribuição do estudo imuno-histoquímico em 1.247 casos (96,4 por cento). Em 47 casos (3,6 por cento), o resultado foi inconclusivo devido a problemas de fixação (autólise) da fase pré-analítica. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados confirmam ser o estudo imuno-histoquímico importante ferramenta para avaliação de fatores preditivos e prognósticos do câncer de mama, pesquisa de micrometástases em linfonodos sentinelas e diagnóstico diferencial de lesões mamárias. A maior utilização da imuno-histoquímica foi para avaliação de fatores preditivos e prognósticos do câncer de mama.

OBJECTIVE: To critically analyze the contribution of immunohistochemistry to the assessment of prognostic and predictive factors of breast cancer, to the search for micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes, and to the differential diagnosis of mammary lesions. METHODS: An observational retrospective study was carried out reviewing all cases of mammary lesions submitted to immunohistochemistry at the Breast Pathology Laboratory of Federal University of Minas Gerais between 2001 and 2007. According to immunohistochemistry indication, the cases were classified into three categories: assessment of prognostic and predictive factors, search for epithelial metastatic cells in sentinel lymph nodes and differential diagnosis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry was performed in 1,294 cases, with 4,101 reactions using 21 different antibodies. In most cases, immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess predictive/prognostic factors (1,106 cases, 85.5 percent), followed by search for epithelial metastatic cells in sentinel lymph nodes (134 cases, 10.6 percent) and differential diagnosis of breast lesions (51 cases, 3.9 percent). Good quality reactions, with significant contribution to the immunohistochemistry study, were obtained in 1,247 cases (96.4 percent). In 47 cases (3.6 percent) the results were inconclusive due to fixation problems (autolysis) in the pre-analytical phase. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm that the immunohistochemical study is an important tool to the assessment of predictive and prognostic factors, search for micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes, and differential diagnosis of mammary lesions. The widest use of immunohistochemistry was in the assessment of predictive and prognostic factors of breast cancer.

A Case of Carcinosarcoma in a Patient with Corrosive Esophagitis / 대한소화기학회지

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a rare malignancy accounting for approximately 1-2% of all esophageal neoplasms. It presents as a bulky intraluminal polypoid lesion mainly in the mid to lower esophagus, which harbors both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components histologically. It often presents relatively early because of its rapid intraluminal growth. We report the case of a 69-year-old man who had suffered from dysphagia for 1 month. He was previously admitted to the hospital due to corrosive esophagitis caused by ingestion of acetic acid. Endoscopy and radiological studies revealed a bulky polypoid mass with superficial ulcerations and mucosal friability, measuring 10 cm in length approximately, in the mid-esophagus. Subtotal esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy was done. Microscopically it was composed of sarcomatous component intermingled with squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains reveal cytokeratin, 34betaE12, and p63 positivity in the nests of carcinoma, and desmin and vimentin positivity in the spindle cells of sarcomatous stoma.

Distribution of Antigenic Aberration in the Bone Marrow of Acute Leukemia in Complete Remission / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: The aberrant, leukemia-associated antigen expression patterns allow us to discriminate leukemic blasts from normal precursor cells. Our major goal was to determine a guideline for the detection of minimal residual disease using CD20+/CD34+ and myeloid Ag+/CD19+ combination in the bone marrow of acute leukemia in complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy. METHODS: Bone marrow samples from 117 patients with acute leukemia in complete remission after chemotherapy and from 22 healthy controls were immunophenotyped by triple staining and measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The CD20+/CD34+ cells in the large lymphocyte gate (R1) ranged from 0% to 3.24% (0.8+/-0.82%, P=0.000) in CD20+/CD34+ B-lineage ALL CR (N=31), from 0.03% to 4.2% (0.7+/-0.83%, P=0.000) in CD20-/CD34- B-lineage ALL CR (N=66), from 0.1% to 0.96% (0.45+/-0.32%, P=0.016) in T-ALL CR (N=10), and from 0.02% to 0.48% (0.18+/-0.15%, P=0.776) in AML CR (N=10). The CD13,33+/CD19+ cells in R1 gate ranged from 0% to 2.69% (0.37+/-0.48%, P<0.001) in CD13,33+/CD19+ B-lineage ALL CR (N=31), from 0% to 1.8% (0.31+/-0.28%, P<0.001) in CD13,33-/CD19+B-lineage ALL CR (N=65), from 0.02% to 0.64% (0.29+/-0.22%, P=0.071) in T-ALL CR (N=9), and from 0% to 0.17% (0.07+/-0.09%, P=0.341) in AML CR (N=3). CONCLUSIONS: Using an immunophenotypic method for the detection of early relapse or minimal residual disease of B-lineage ALL bone marrow in CR after chemotherapy, different cutoff values should be applied according to antigen combination and gating. When the proportion of aberrant antigen combination was less than 5% in large lymphocyte gate, the results should be interpreted with caution.

Histologic differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from adenocarcinoma by a simple panel: evaluation of the pitfalls.

The histological differentiation of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and metastatic adenocarcinoma (MA) of the liver is difficult in some cases and immunohistochemistry (IHC) is necessary for the diagnosis. HepPar-1 is a recently available antibody which seems to be very specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of HCC. MOC31 is an antibody directed against a cell surface glycoprotein and has been shown to be helpful in distinguishing between HCC and CC or MA as a negative marker in HCC. In this study we tried to apply these two markers for the diagnosis of HCC cases as a simple, useful and reliable panel. We selected 101 liver tumors which had proven diagnosis by several antibodies and cilinicopathologic correlation. The tumors with confirmed histologic diagnosis including 35 HCC, 58 MA, 7 CC and 1 combined HCC-CC.. HepPar-1 was positive in 30 of 35 cases of HCC; none of the other tumors were reactive for HepPar1 except for a case of metastatic gall bladder adenocarcinoma which showed areas of hepatoid differentiation in the H&E slides. MOC31 was positive in 5 of the HCC cases and stained 60 of 65 cases of MA. There were 4 cases of HCC with clear cell morphology, in most of which, IHC pattern was not diagnostic and further investigation was needed. As a conclusion the combination of positive Hepar1 and negative MOC31 is highly suggestive for HCC except for the clear cell variant. These two reliable markers are recommended for the initial step of differential diagnosis between HCC and MA and for the confirmation of the histologic diagnosis.

Imunoistoquímica em oligodendrogliomas / Immunohistochemstry in oligodendrogliomas

Os oligodendrogliomas (OL) são tumores gliais caracterizados histologicamente pela presença de núcleo redondo e homogêneo com halo claro perinuclear. A diferenciação microscópica desses tumores com neurocitoma central, DNT e algumas vezes com ependimoma de células claras pode ser difícil. O estudo imunoistoquímico com marcadores glial e neuronal tem sido utilizado e pode auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a diferenciação neuronal e glial por meio de técnica imunoistoquímica utilizando anticorpos de rotina em tumores com características microscópicas de OL. Foram estudados 42 pacientes com idade entre 4 e 60 anos. Dez apresentavam sinais de maior malignidade (anaplásico). Trinta e três casos (78,5%) mostraram positividade para GFAP, sendo em 10 focal e 6 casos com expressão intensa. Doze casos (28,5%) apresentaram positividade para NSE e/ou sinaptofisina, demonstrando alguma diferenciação neuronal, principalmente focal. Trinta e quatro casos (80,9%) foram positivos para S-100 e três casos (7,1%) foram positivos focalmente para NeuN. Concluimos que áreas focais de diferenciação neuronal e/ou glial podem estar presente em OL típicos e, portanto, é necessário cautela no diagnóstico diferencial em amostras pequenas de tumor. A positividade difusa para marcadores neuronais deve sugerir o diagnóstico de neurocitoma central.

Morphological Feature correlation with serum tumour markers in prostatic carcinoma

To find out Gleason grades, scores and to see the correlation of these morphological features with tumour markers in prostatic carcinoma. Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Departments of Histopathology and Chemical Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, over a period of one year. Materials and Fifty cases of prostatic carcinoma were studied. Gleason grades and score of tumour were determined by doing haematoxylin and eosin [H and E] staining. Pre-operative serum prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] assays were carried out in these cases. The patients seen were between 50-102 years of age with an average of 70.9 years. There were 49 cases of adenocarcinoma and 01 case of mixed adeno and transitional cell carcinoma of prostate. Twenty-eight [56%] patients had Gleason score of 5-7. Twenty-nine [58%] patients were having serum PSA levels between 10.0 ng/ml and 50.0 ng/ml. Thirteen [26%] cases showed PSA assays > 50 ng/ml. The sensitivity of PSA test was 84% in these cases. Thirty-five [70%] patients were having PAP values > 3.7 U/l [sensitivity 70%]. The Gleason grading system is a specific morphological predictor. The serum PSA showed better sensitivity and specificity with Gleason grades and scores as compared to serum PAP. The serum PAP levels showed better correlation with morphological features as compared to serum PSA

Inmunofenotipaje de neoplasias sólidas hematopoyéticas. Valor de la inmunohistoquímica / Immunophemotyping of solid hematopoietic neoplasms. Value of immunohistochemistry

La inmunohistoquímica juega un papel muy importante en el diagnóstico y clasificación de las neoplasias hematolinfoides. Constantemente aparecen nuevos marcadores celulares y de líneas de diferenciación, que pueden aplicarse en material fijado y procesado en forma rutinaria. En el presente trabajo describimos las características y las aplicaciones de los marcadores más usados recientemente descriptos para estas neoplasias. El estudio histopatológico convencional es la base del diagnóstico y continua siendo la "regla de oro" del mismo. En base a los hallazgos morfológicos, se plantean posibles diagnósticos diferenciales y se guía la selección de los paneles de marcadores

Quimioterapia neo-adjuvante e câncer de mama localmente avançado: a análise imuno-histoquímica é preditiva da resposta à quimioterapia / Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer imunohistochemical analysis is predictive of response to chemotherapy

A quimioterapia é o tratamento-padräo inicial para câncer de mama localmente avançado. A correlaçäo entre a resposta à quimioterapia neo-adjuvante e fatores prognósticos pode ser útil na abordagem desta doença. De setembro de 1996 a dezembro de 1997, 25 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama localmente avançado (estágios IIIA, IIIB e inflamatório) foram submetidas a quatro ciclos de quimioterapia neo-adjuvante com doxorrubicina 60mg/m2 e ciclofosfamida 600mg/m2 a cada 21 dias, mastectomia à Patey e ao tratamento adjuvante. A resposta clínica e a patológica foram correlacionadas com marcadores obtidos por meio de análise imuno-histoquímica da biópsia do tumor. Os marcadores analisados foram:receptores hormonais, p53, HER/neu (cert-B2), MIB-!, grau nuclear e PCNA. A resposta clínica objetiva foi de 74 por cento. Vinte e uma de 23 pacientes (91 por cento) analisados foram submetidas à cirurgia. Quatro pacientes näo apresentavam doença linfonodal, enquanto quatro apresentavam doença residual na mama de até 2 cm (19 por cento). Todos os marcadores apresentaram positividade em percentuais elevados. A positividade do p53 e do MIB apresentou correlaçäo com a resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico neo-adjuvante, porém näo alcançou significância estatística. Os resultados iniciais sugerem uma relaçäo entre a positividade do p53 com a resposta clínica e com a resposta patológica, relaçäo essa que näo é demonstrada em estudos anteriores. Apresença do MIB positivo também esteve associada com uma resposta patológica favorável

Marcadores da proliferaçåo celular / Proliferative-cell markers

A capacidade proliferativa aumentada é uma das principais características das células tumorais. A detecçåo e a quantificaçåo das células em proliferaçåo constituem-se parâmetros importantes no prognóstico de diferentes tumores, uma vez que a capacidade proliferativa tem sido considerada marcadora de alguns tumores e até mesmo associada ao grau de malignidade de outros. Frente aos recentes avanços no conhecimento dos mecanismos envolvidos na divisåo celular e dos diferentes fatores controladores das diversas fases do ciclo celular, novos métodos tém sido desenvolvidos para detectar e quantificar as taxas de crescimento tecidual e/ou neoplástico. Neste trabalho såo revisados diferentes métodos de quantificaçåo celular, procurando-se salientar a importância do desenvolvimento de anticorpos monoclonais contra proteínas marcadoras do ciclo celular e seu emprego na detecçåo imunocitoquímica de células em proliferaçåo

Estudio inmunohistoquímico en rabdomiosarcoma / Immunohistochemical study in rhabdomyosarcoma

Se realizó el estudio inmunohistoquímico de 32 rabdomiosarcomas haciendo uso de diversos marcadores del tejido conectivo empleando la técnica de PAP, método que ofrece una mayor precisión en la caracterización morfológica de los tumores de origen mesenquimatoso, con el fin de brindar una información que contribuya a un mejor diagnóstico y clasificación de esta entidad estudiada. Se destaca la importancia de la desmina como un marcador que se expresa en estadios muy tempranos de la diferenciación en los tumores de origen muscular. Además se discute el origen de la variante histología del Rabdomiosarcoma pleomórfico a partir de una célula madre capaz de expresar los diferentes marcadores que identifican las estirpes celulares de los 4 tejidos básicos.

Biochemical markers in gastrointestinal malignancies

E discutido o papel dos marcadores bioquímicos no diagnóstico dos tumores do aparelho digestivo. Sua importância para estratificar pacientes quanto a probabilidade de sobrevida, detectar recorrência e monitorizar o tratamento é analisada

Marcadores tumorais / Tumor markers

Alteraçöes sangüineas e de componentes celulares indicam a presença de tumor. Estas alteraçöes, chamadas de "MARCACORES TUMORAIS", podem ter valor diagnóstico, prognóstico, evolutivo e terapêutico, em conjunto com a avaliaçäo clínica