Pacientes con fisura labio-alveolo-palatina: estudio descriptivo de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Público Materno Infantil, Pcia. de Salta, entre los años 2010 y 2014 / A descriptive study of patients with FLAP at the Public Maternity Child Hospital in the province of Salta, between 2010 and 2014

La fisura labio-palatina (FLP) es una de las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes. Si bien la fisura de labio y la fisura de paladar son distintas y pueden presentarse de manera individual o ambas en el mismo individuo, es útil estudiarlas en conjunto. La prevalencia en Argentina es menor que la media informada a nivel mundial. Esta patología requiere un tratamiento continuo y mutidisciplinario, con el fin de disminuir sus secuelas. El Hospital Público Materno Infantil (HPMI) de la provincia de Salta, es el principal centro de referencia que trabaja con niños fisurados de toda la provincia. Dada la diversidad de etnias y regiones geográficas de procedencia de los pacientes, se considera conveniente sistematizar la información. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre 308 pacientes con FLAP: el sexo más afectado fue el masculino y la mayoría proviene de los Departamentos de Molinos y Los Andes. La fisura más frecuente es la unilateral izquierda completa. El 92,5 por ciento de los pacientes FLAP no presentaron asociación con síndromes y el 28,6 por ciento abandonó el tratamiento ortodóncico-ortopédico, la mayoría antes del primer año de vida. Si bien los datos aportados fueron similares a los de otros autores, ésta es la primera base de datos para la provincia de Salta. La misma permitirá realizar nuevas investigaciones y propone consignar una historia clínica estandarizada para la institución...

Desigualdad en intervenciones de atención primaria para el cuidado de la salud maternoinfantil en México / Inequality in primary care interventions in maternal and child health care in Mexico

OBJETIVO: Analizar los principales indicadores asociados a la mortalidad materna y la mortalidad en niños menores de 1 año y evaluar su nivel de cobertura y de variabilidad entre las distintas entidades federativas de México. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron ocho intervenciones dirigidas a la atención primaria de la salud materna e infantil (variables): esquema de vacunación completo, vacuna de sarampión y vacuna pentavalente en menores de 1 año; inicio temprano de la lactancia materna; atención prenatal con al menos una revisión por personal capacitado; prevalencia del uso de anticonceptivos en mujeres casadas en edad fértil; atención obstétrica del parto por personal capacitado y aplicación de toxoide tetánico (TT) en embarazadas. Se calculó el promedio y desviación estándar de la cobertura nacional para cada variable. Al interior de cada entidad federativa se determinó la proporción de municipios con alta, media y baja marginación. Se ordenaron las entidades federativas de mayor a menor, con base en la proporción de sus municipios con alta marginación y se dividieron en quintiles. Se calculó la desigualdad absoluta mediante la diferencia observada y la desigualdad relativa mediante la razón para cada una de las variables estudiadas. RESULTADOS: El promedio de cobertura nacional de las ocho variables estudiadas varió entre 86,5% y 97,5%, encontrándose que la cobertura más baja fue la aplicación de TT en mujeres embarazadas y la más alta, la vacuna contra el sarampión en menores de 1 año. La atención obstétrica, la prevalencia del uso de anticonceptivos y la revisión prenatal fueron las variables con coberturas menos equitativas. En los estados con mayores niveles de marginación, las acciones dependientes de un sistema de salud estructurado -p.ej. la atención obstétrica del parto- registraron una menor cobertura, a diferencia de las acciones preventivas que no requerían de mayores recursos de insumos o infraestructura -como el inicio temprano de lactancia materna. CONCLUSIONES: Las intervenciones con mayor iniquidad están asociadas a la falta de infraestructura médica, acentuándose en las entidades federativas con mayor marginación. Es perentorio incrementar el gasto público en salud de forma tal que sea posible implementar alternativas factibles y efectivas en materia de acceso y atención en salud. Se deben llevar adelante políticas y acciones intersectoriales que de modo sinérgico mejoren equitativamente la salud de las madres y los niños mexicanos.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the principal indicators associated with maternal mortality and mortality in children under 1 year of age and evaluate coverage levels and variability among the federative entities of Mexico. METHODS: Eight interventions in maternal and child primary health care (variables) were studied: complete vaccination series, measles vaccine, and pentavalent vaccine in children under 1 year of age; early breast-feeding; prenatal care with at least one check-up by trained staff; prevalence of contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age; obstetric care in delivery by trained staff; and the administration of tetanus toxoid (TT) to pregnant women. The average and standard deviation of national coverage for each variable was calculated. Within each federative entity the proportion of municipalities with high, medium, and low marginalization was determined. States were ranked by the proportion of municipalities with high marginalization (highest to lowest) and divided into quintiles. Absolute inequality was measured using the observed difference and relative inequality, using the ratio of each variable studied. RESULTS: The average national coverage for the eight variables studied ranged from 86.5% to 97.5%, with administration of TT to pregnant women the lowest and administration of measles vaccine to children under 1 year of age the highest. Obstetric care in delivery, prevalence of contraceptive use, and prenatal checkup were the variables with less equitable coverage. In states with higher levels of marginalization, activities dependent on a structured health system-e.g., obstetric care in delivery-showed lower levels of coverage compared to preventive activities not requiring costly inputs or infrastructure-e.g., early breast-feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions exhibiting greater inequity are associated with the lack of medical infrastructure and are more accentuated in federative entities with higher levels of marginalization. Greater public health expenditure is urgently needed to implement feasible, effective alternatives in terms of access and health care. Intersectoral policies and activities should be implemented to create synergies that will equitably improve the health of Mexican mothers and children.

Health Seeking Behaviour and MCH Care Practices in Fishermen Community.

Background: All people, whether rural or urban, have their own beliefs and practices concerning health and disease. It is now widely recognized that cultural factors are deeply involved in all affairs of man, including health and sickness. The problem affecting the health of the mother and the child are multi-factorial. Despite current efforts, the health of the mother and the child still constitutes one of the most serious health problems affecting the community, particularly in the developing countries. Objectives: The following study was carried out to find the: i) Health seeking behaviour of mother for illnesses in children; ii) Status of antenatal care and postnatal care amongst women of fishermen community. Materials and Methods: Women of fishermen community in the Macchipura area of Khambat falling in the age group of 15-45 and having at least one child in the age group 1-2 year (above 1year and less than 2 years) were selected for the study. Results and Conclusions: A total of 64(87.6 %) mothers would like to go to a doctor in case of medical needs. 22(30.13%) mothers took ANC. All the 22 mothers were given TT injection as well as Iron folic acid tablets. Blood pressure was measured in 21 women and also the weight was taken in these women. 66 (90.41%) deliveries were conducted by trained dai in that area. Antenatal and postnatal care services need to be strengthened for these fisherwomen. The good thing was that a good proportion of mothers were willing to go to a doctor besides having an inclination to practice the traditional ways.

Atividade física durante a gestação e associação com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil / Physical activity during pregnancy and its association with maternal and child health indicators / Actividad física durante la gestación y asociación con indicadores de salud materno-infantil

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à prática de atividade física durante a gestação e sua relação com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com todos os nascimentos ocorridos em maternidades no município de Rio Grande, RS, durante o ano de 2007 (N = 2.557). As informações foram obtidas por entrevista, por meio de um questionário pré-codificado aplicado às mães. Os desfechos de saúde materno-infantil analisados foram: hospitalização durante a gravidez, parto por cesárea, prematuridade (idade gestacional menor de 37 semanas), baixo peso ao nascer (< 2.500 g) e morte fetal. RESULTADOS: Relataram ter praticado atividade física durante a gestação 32,8 por cento (IC95 por cento 31,0;34,6) das mães. Os fatores associados à prática de atividade física na gestação, após ajustes para possíveis confundidores, foram: idade materna (associação inversa), escolaridade (associação direta), ser primigesta, ter feito pré-natal, e ter recebido orientação para a prática de exercícios durante o pré-natal. Mulheres que praticaram atividade física durante a gestação mostraram menor probabilidade de realização de cesariana e de terem filho natimorto. Não houve associação entre atividade física e parto prematuro, hospitalização e baixo peso ao nascer. CONCLUSÕES: Apenas um terço das mães relatou ter praticado atividade física durante a gestação. Esse comportamento foi mais frequente entre mulheres mais jovens, com maior escolaridade e que receberam orientação. Mulheres que praticaram atividade física durante a gestação realizaram menos cesarianas e tiveram menor ocorrência de natimorto.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with the practice of physical activity during pregnancy and its relationship to maternal and child health indicators. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with all births that occurred at maternity hospitals in the municipality of Rio Grande (Southern Brazil) during the year of 2007 (N = 2,557). Information was collected through interviews, by means of a pre-coded questionnaire administered to the mothers. The analyzed maternal and child health outcomes were: hospitalization during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), low birth weight (< 2500g), and fetal death. RESULTS: A total of 32.8 percent of mothers (95 percentCI 31.0;34.6) reported having practiced physical activity during pregnancy. The factors associated with practice of physical activity during pregnancy, after adjusting for potential confounders, were: maternal age (inverse association), level of schooling (direct association), mother's first pregnancy, having received prenatal care, and having been instructed in physical activity during prenatal care. Women who practiced physical activity during pregnancy were less likely to deliver surgically and to have a stillbirth. There was no association between physical activity and preterm birth, hospitalization, and low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Only one third of mothers reported having practiced physical activity during pregnancy. This behavior was more frequent among younger women with higher level of schooling who were advised during prenatal care. Women who practiced physical activity during pregnancy had fewer cesarean sections and lower occurrence of stillbirths.

OBJETIVO: Analizar factores asociados con la práctica de actividad física durante la gestación y su relación con indicadores de salud materno-infantil. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado con todos los nacimientos ocurridos en maternidades en el municipio de Rio Grande, Sur de Brasil, durante el año 2007 (N=2.557). Las informaciones fueron obtenidas por entrevista, por medio de un cuestionario pre-codificado aplicado a las madres. Los desenlaces de salud materno-infantil analizados fueron: hospitalización durante el embarazo, parto por cesárea, prematuridad (edad gestacional menor de 37 semanas), bajo peso al nacer (<2500 g) y muerte fetal. RESULTADOS: Informaron haber practicado actividad física durante la gestación 32,8 por ciento (IC95 por ciento 31,0; 34,6) de las madres. Los factores asociados con la práctica de actividad física en la gestación, posterior a los ajustes para posibles confundidores, fueron: edad materna (asociación inversa), escolaridad (asociación directa), ser primigestante, haber hecho prenatal, y haber recibido orientación para la práctica de ejercicios durante el prenatal. Mujeres que practicaron actividad física durante la gestación mostraron menor probabilidad de realización de cesárea y de tener hijo natimuerto. No hubo asociación entre actividad física y parto prematuro, hospitalización y bajo peso al nacer. CONCLUSIONES: Sólo un tercio de las madres informó haber practicado actividad física durante la gestación. Este comportamiento fue más frecuente entre mujeres más jóvenes, con mayor escolaridad y que recibieron orientación. Mujeres que practicaron actividad física durante la gestación realizaron menos cesáreas y tuvieron menor ocurrencia de natimuerto.

Patient Satisfaction on Maternal and Child Health Services.

Introduction : Services are being provided by health functionaries to the community with the objective of fulfilling their satisfaction but sometimes this do not working for the target population. Objective : To assess the satisfaction of patients receiving some MCH services in rural areas of Wardha district. Material and Methods : It was a longitudinal study from June 2007 to September 2009, comprising of 205 participants (i.e. registered pregnant women of < 16 weeks of gestation), they were given 8 visits by investigator. Outcome variables of the study were socio - demographic profile, selective obstetrical history and some maternal and child health services. Data was collected based on preformed questionnaires, a modification of PHC MAP module guidelines for assessing the quality of service-module 6-user’s guide. The response (quality) of each service during entire visit was quantified as acceptable (ACQ), average and worst (WQ). Results : Patient satisfaction or ACQ of ANC services was 51.49% and PNC services was only 22.64 %, only 18.53% participants received counselling for hospital delivery in all the five visits. WQ observed for history of consanguineous marriage 50.24%, height measurement 47.31% and breast examination 91.21% during ANC. Among all the services of PNC, counselling for immunization of baby was highest but 40.97%. It was observed WQ for weight recording 42.43% and counselling for birth registration 76.09 % during PNC. Conclusion : An overview of patient satisfaction receiving some MCH services were shown in this study and needs to be strengthened from care providers side.

Resultados maternos e neonatais em centro de parto normal peri-hospitalar e hospital / Maternal and neonatal outcomes at an alongside birth center and at a hospital / Resultados maternos y neonatales en centro de parto normal peri hospitalario y hospital

OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados maternos e neonatais em mulheres de baixo risco atendidas em centro de parto normal peri-hospitalar e hospital. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de mulheres de baixo risco atendidas em São Paulo, SP, de 2003 a 2006. Foram incluídas 991 mulheres que tiveram o parto no centro de parto normal e 325 que deram à luz no hospital. Os dados foram obtidos dos prontuários. A análise comparativa foi realizada para o total de mulheres e estratificada segundo a paridade. Foram aplicados os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Houve distribuição homogênea das mulheres segundo a paridade (45,4 por cento nulíparas e 54,6 por cento mulheres com um ou mais partos anteriores). Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação às seguintes intervenções: amniotomia (mais freqüente entre nulíparas do hospital); utilização de ocitocina no trabalho de parto e utilização de analgésico no pós-parto (mais freqüentes no hospital entre as mulheres de todas as paridades). A taxa de episiotomia foi maior entre as nulíparas, tanto no centro de parto como no hospital. Houve maior freqüência de intervenções com o neonato no hospital: aspiração das vias aéreas superiores, aspiração gástrica, lavagem gástrica, oxigênio por máscara aberta. Também ocorreram com mais freqüência no hospital bossa serossanguínea, desconforto respiratório e internação na unidade neonatal. Não houve diferença nos valores de Apgar no quinto minuto nem casos de morte materna ou perinatal. CONCLUSÕES: A assistência no centro de parto normal foi realizada com menos intervenções e com resultados maternos e neonatais semelhantes aos do hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in low-risk women assisited in an alongside birth center and at a hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of low-risk women in São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil), from 2003 to 2006. The study included 991 women who delivered a child at the alongside birth center and 325 who delivered a child at a hospital. Data were obtained from medical records. A comparative analysis was performed for all of the women, who were stratified according to parity. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare outcomes between women who delivered in alongside birth center and those who gave birth in the hospital. RESULTS: There was a homogeneous distribution of women according to parity (45.4 percent were nulliparous, and 54.6 percent had one or more previous deliveries). Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of amniotomy (more frequent in nulliparous women treated at the hospital), the use of oxytocin during labor, and the use of postpartum analgesia (both more frequent among women of any parity treated at the hospital). The rate of episiotomy was higher in nulliparous women, both in the alongside birth center and at the hospital. Neonatal interventions were more frequent at the hospital and included aspiration of the upper airways, gastric aspiration, gastric lavage, and the use of an open oxygen mask. Other events that occurred with greater frequency at the hospital included caput succedaneum, respiratory discomfort, and admittance to the neonatal unit. There was no difference in Apgar scores at the fifth minute or cases of maternal or perinatal death. CONCLUSIONS: Care at the alongside birth center involved fewer interventions and had maternal and neonatal outcomes similar to those of the hospital setting.

OBJETIVO: Comparar los resultados maternos y neonatales en mujeres de bajo riesgo atendidas en centro de parto normal peri hospitalario y hospital. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con muestra representativa de mujeres de bajo riesgo atendidas en Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, de 2003 a 2006. Se incluyeron 991 mujeres que realizaron el parto en el centro de parto normal y 325 que dieron a luz en el hospital. Los datos fueron obtenidos de los prontuarios. El análisis comparativo fue realizado para el total de mujeres y estratificado según la paridad. Se aplicaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y exacto de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Hubo distribución homogénea de las mujeres según la paridad (45,4 por ciento de nulíparas y 54,6 por ciento de mujeres con uno o más partos anteriores). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con relación a las siguientes intervenciones: amniotomía (más frecuente entre nulíparas del hospital), utilización de ocitocina en el trabajo de parto y utilización de analgésico en el postparto (más frecuentes en el hospital entre las mujeres de todas las paridades). La tasa de episiotomía fue mayor entre las nulíparas, tanto en el centro de parto como en el hospital. Hubo mayor frecuencia de intervenciones con el neonato en el hospital: aspiración de las vías aéreas superiores, aspiración gástrica, lavado gástrico, oxígeno por máscara abierta. También ocurrieron con más frecuencia en el hospital bolsa serosanguínea, dificultad respiratoria e internación en la unidad neonatal. No hubo diferencia en los valores de Apgar en el quinto minuto ni en casos de muerte materna o perinatal. CONCLUSIONES: La asistencia en el centro de parto normal fue realizada con menos intervenciones y con resultados maternos y neonatales semejantes a los del hospital.

Características dos nascidos vivos, das mães e mortalidade neonatal precoce na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil / Maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi descrever as características do recém-nascido, da mãe e da mortalidade neonatal precoce, segundo local de parto, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizou-se coorte de nascidos vivos vinculados aos respectivos óbitos neonatais precoces, por técnica determinística. Identificou-se o parto domiciliar a partir da Declaração de Nascido Vivo e os ocorridos em estabelecimentos a partir da vinculação com o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foram estudados 154.676 nascidos vivos, dos quais 0,3 por cento dos nascimentos ocorreram acidentalmente em domicílio, 98,7 por cento em hospitais e menos de 1 por cento em outro serviço de saúde. A mortalidade foi menor no Centro de Parto Normal e nas Unidades Mistas de Saúde, condizente com o perfil de baixo risco obstétrico. As taxas mais elevadas ocorreram nos prontos-socorros (54,4 óbitos por mil nascidos vivos) e domicílios (26,7), representando um risco de morte, respectivamente, 9,6 e 4,7 vezes maior que nos hospitais (5,6). Apesar da alta predominância do parto hospitalar, há um segmento de partos acidentais tanto em domicílios como em prontos-socorros que merece atenção, por registrar elevadas taxas de mortalidade neonatal precoce.

The objective was to describe maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality rate according to place of delivery in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. The study linked the databases on live births and early neonatal deaths with the national hospital registry. Place of delivery was identified through certificates of live birth. There were a total of 154,676 live births: 98.7 percent in-hospital; 0.3 percent home deliveries, and 1 percent in other health services. Deliveries in birthing centers and small hospital units were associated with low obstetric risk and a low proportion of preterm and low birth weight infants, and as a result these services showed the lowest early neonatal mortality rate. Compared to hospital maternity ward deliveries, the early neonatal mortality rate was 4.7 times higher for home deliveries and 9.6 higher for emergency room deliveries. There is a high rate of hospital delivery care in São Paulo, but there is still a small portion of accidental home births and deliveries occurring in inappropriate health services, probably as a result of obstetric emergencies and difficulties in accessing hospital services.

Estudio comparativo de la problemática y características de las adolescentes embarazadas que se asistieron en el Instituto de Maternidad "Ntra. Sra. de las Mercedes" de San Miguel de Tucumán, en los meses de enero a junio de 1996-2006 / Comparative study of the problematics and characteristics of the pregnant teenagers who were represented in the Institute of Maternity

El estudio llevado a cabo para el presente trabajo refleja algunas características de la población adolescente embarazadas atendidas en el Instituto de Maternidad y Ginecología "Ntra. Sra. de las Mercedes", estableciendo una comparación entre los hallazgos ocurridos en el periodo enero-junio de 1996 con igual periodo de 2006, a fin de determinar las modificaciones experimentadas en dichas características a partir de los programas nacionales implementados para el área materno infantil entre ambos períodos. En el año 1996, del total de embarazadas atendidas en el 1er. semestre, el 21,5% correspondió a población adolescente, mientras que para igual período de 2006 fue del 20,6%, lo que refleja que no hubo una variación significativa, presentándose una situación similar en ambos períodos, tampoco se observa un cambio significativo en la estructura por edad de las embarazadas adolescentes. En relación al estado civil es notorio el incremento de las uniones estables para el segundo período analizado.

Avaliação da série histórica dos nascidos vivos em unidade terciária de pernambuco: 1991 a 2000 / Evaluation of the historical series of live births at a tertiary health service: 1991 to 2000

OBJETIVO: Analisar a série temporal dos Nascidos Vivos do Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP) - Recife, segundo algumas variáveis, no período de julho de 1991 a dezembro de 2000. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se o banco de dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Para análise estatística considerou-se os anos de 1993 a 2000 e foi realizado o Qui-quadrado de tendência (p < 0,05) no Epi Info (versão 6.0). RESULTADOS: Apesar da predominância de parto vaginal, peso > 2500g, idade gestacional > 37 semanas, Apgar no 1° e 5° minutos entre 8 e 10, mães adultas, 4 a 6 consultas de pré-natal, encontrou-se percentuais elevados e tendência progressiva na década para: partos cesarianos (29,4 por cento a 35,2 por cento, chi2 = 73,7; p < 0,01); baixo peso (15,9 por cento a 22,8 por cento, chi2 = 170,6; p < 0,01); pré-termos (9,7 por cento a 23,8 por cento, chi2 = 503,6; p < 0,001); mães adolescentes (24,1 por cento a 28,8 por cento, chi ² = 13,3; p < 0,01) além de um alto percentual de bebês com índice de Apgar menor que 3 no 1° minuto de 3,4 por cento a 5,5 por cento e no 5° minuto de 0,7 por cento a 1,6 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados ratificam a caracterização do IMIP como hospital de complexidade terciária e de referência para gestantes e recém-nascidos de alto risco no Estado de Pernambuco.

La salud de la madre y el niño en el Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur Oriente y en Chile: una visión del periodo 1980-1998 / Maternal and newborn health at Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur Oriente and Chile: period 1980-1998

En Chile, la salud materno-infantil (SM) ha mejorado notablemente a partir de los años 60. Este trabajo compara indicadores de SMI del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur Oriente (SSMSO) y de Chile entre 1980 y 1998. Es un estudio descriptivo que recoge información de Anuarios Demográficos. Los resultados evidencian un mejoramiento en todos los indicadores de SMI en el SSMSO: las tasas de natalidad, tasa de mortalidad infantil y tasa de mortalidad materna descienden a 18,3 por 1000 habitantes, 9,8 por 1000 nacidos vivos (NV) y 0,8 por 10.000 NV respectivamente. Las causas de MI evolucionaron desde un predominio de muertes por enfermedades infecciosas y perinatales en 1980 a un mayor número de muertes por malformaciones y enfermedades congénitas en 1998. En resumen, los indicadores de SMI han evolucionado favorablemente entre 1980 y 1998 en el SSMSO en concordancia con lo ocurrido en el resto del país

Study of impact of nutrition & health day strategy on the coverage rates of supplementary nutrition and health interventions among the ICDS beneficiaries in a rural block of Madhya Pradesh.

To study the trends of beneficiary coverage (pregnant and lactating women and children less than two years of age) for utilization of supplementary nutrition and health services in a rural block before and after the launch of a strategy to converge Health & Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) on a single day christened "Nutrition and Health Day" (NHD). It is a before and after intervention design in rural ICDS block Amarwada in district Chhindwada. As a part of intervention, NHD were organised on which convergent services of Health & ICDS were made available to the beneficiaries. On the weekly NHDs, uncooked supplementary nutrition for the week was distributed to pregnant and lactating mothers and children under two. The Health worker visited the Anganwadi Centre (AWC) and immunized children and pregnant women, distributed IFA, Vitamin A and provided health and nutrition education. The study assessed the impact of these interventions on the coverage rates of the services. Study was conducted between May 97 and March 98. The routine monitoring reports of the ICDS and Health System of the state government were used as study tools. The study sample comprised of AWC beneficiaries in the project area. The total population of the block was 89,476. Participation in the supplementary nutrition program (SNP) increased two to three folds in all categories of the target population. Immunization and Vitamin A coverage levels for children also showed an increase of about 3 and 5-8 times from baseline status respectively in a year's time. Among pregnant women, Tetanus Toxoid (TT) and Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) utilization rates have also shown two and five fold increase respectively.

Relevancia de la salud perinatal en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social / Relevance of perinatal health at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Social Security Institute)

Se describen en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) aspectos relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal, efectuándose algunos contrastes con lo que sucede con las estadísticas nacionales. Se analiza brevemente la evolución de los servicios materno-infantiles y se comentan algunos resultados y logros de la atención materna y neonatal de la propia Institución. Al final se plantean varios asuntos relacionados con las perspectivas de la salud perinatal en el IMSS y algunas estrategias para mejorar la atención