Bismuth, esomeprazole, metronidazole, and minocycline or tetracycline as a first-line regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Given the general unavailability, common adverse effects, and complicated administration of tetracycline, the clinical application of classic bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is greatly limited. Whether minocycline can replace tetracycline for Helicobacter pylori ( H . pylori ) eradication is unknown. We aimed to compare the eradication rate, safety, and compliance between minocycline- and tetracycline-containing BQT as first-line regimens.@*METHODS@#This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 434 naïve patients with H . pylori infection. The participants were randomly assigned to 14-day minocycline-containing BQT group (bismuth potassium citrate 110 mg q.i.d., esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., metronidazole 400 mg q.i.d., and minocycline 100 mg b.i.d.) and tetracycline-containing BQT group (bismuth potassium citrate/esomeprazole/metronidazole with doses same as above and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d.). Safety and compliance were assessed within 3 days after eradication. Urea breath test was performed at 4-8 weeks after eradication to evaluate outcome. We used a noninferiority test to compare the eradication rates of the two groups. The intergroup differences were evaluated using Pearson chi-squared or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t -test for continuous variables.@*RESULTS@#As for the eradication rates of minocycline- and tetracycline-containing BQT, the results of both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses showed that the difference rate of lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI) was >-10.0% (ITT analysis: 181/217 [83.4%] vs . 180/217 [82.9%], with a rate difference of 0.5% [-6.9% to 7.9%]; PP analysis: 177/193 [91.7%] vs . 176/191 [92.1%], with a rate difference of -0.4% [-5.6% to 6.4%]). Except for dizziness more common (35/215 [16.3%] vs . 13/214 [6.1%], P = 0.001) in minocycline-containing therapy groups, the incidences of adverse events (75/215 [34.9%] vs . 88/214 [41.1%]) and compliance (195/215 [90.7%] vs . 192/214 [89.7%]) were similar between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The eradication efficacy of minocycline-containing BQT was noninferior to tetracycline-containing BQT as first-line regimen for H . pylori eradication with similar safety and compliance.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR 1900023646.

Efficacy of a quadruple therapy regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication after partial gastrectomy

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy plus postural change after dosing for Helicobacter pylori eradication in gastrectomized patients. We compared 76 gastric stump patients with H. pylori infection (GS group) with 50 non-gastrectomized H. pylori-positive patients who met the treatment indication (controls). The GS group was divided into GS group 1 and GS group 2. All groups were administered bismuth potassium citrate (220 mg), esomeprazole (20 mg), amoxicillin (1.0 g), and furazolidone (100 mg) twice daily for 14 days. GS group 1 maintained a left lateral horizontal position for 30 min after dosing. H. pylori was detected using rapid urease testing and histologic examination of gastric mucosa before and 3 months after therapy. Mucosal histologic manifestations were evaluated using visual analog scales of the updated Sydney System. GS group 1 had a higher prevalence of eradication than the GS group 2 (intention-to-treat [ITT]: P=0.025; per-protocol [PP]: P=0.030), and the control group had a similar prevalence. GS group 2 had a lower prevalence of eradication than controls (ITT: P=0.006; PP: P=0.626). Scores for chronic inflammation and activity declined significantly (P<0.001) 3 months after treatment, whereas those for atrophy and intestinal metaplasia showed no significant change. Prevalence of adverse reactions was similar among groups during therapy (P=0.939). A bismuth-containing quadruple therapy regimen plus postural change after dosing appears to be a relatively safe, effective, economical, and practical method for H. pylori eradication in gastrectomized patients.

The use of neurovascular ultrasound versus digital subtraction angiography in acute ischemic stroke / O uso do ultrassom neurovascular comparado a angiografia digital no AVC isquêmico agudo

Cervical and intracranial arterial evaluation is an important issue for acute ischemic stroke (IS). Objective Compare the use of the neurovascular ultrasound examination (NVUE) to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in acute IS patients for diagnosing significant extracranial and intracranial arteriopathy. Method Nonconsecutive patients with IS or transient ischemic attack admitted within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms were evaluated retrospectively. Standardized NVUE and DSA were done in all patients within the first 120 hours of hospital admission. Results Twenty-four patients were included in the study. Compared to DSA, the NVUE demonstrated 94.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity for identifying symptomatic extracranial and/or intracranial arteriopathy. Conclusion The standardized NVUE technique demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity compared to DSA for diagnosing arterial abnormalities in acute IS patients. .

A avaliação cervical e intracraniana é uma etapa importante no AVC isquêmico (AVCi) agudo. Objetivo Comparar o uso do ultrassom neurovascular (USNV) com técnica padronizada e a angiografia digital (AD) em paciente com AVCi agudo no diagnóstico de doença arterial significativa extra e/ou intracraniana. Método Pacientes com AVCi e AIT admitidos em até 12 horas do início dos sintomas foram retrospectivamente avaliados. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a USNV e AD padronizado em até 120 horas da admissão. Resultados Vinte e quatro pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Em comparação com a AD, o USNV apresentou sensibilidade de 94,7% e especificidade de 100% para o diagnóstico de doença arterial significativa extra e/ou intracraniana. Conclusão O uso de técnica padronizada de USNV demonstrou elevada sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de doença arterial significativa extra e intracraniana quando comparado a AD. .

Medical and Dietary Therapy for Kidney Stone Prevention

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing, and newer research is finding that stones are associated with several serious morbidities. These facts suggest that emphasis needs to be placed not only on stone treatment but also stone prevention. However, there is a relative dearth of information on dietary and medical therapies to treat and avoid nephrolithiasis. In addition, studies have shown that there are many misconceptions among both the general community and physicians about how stones should be managed. This article is meant to serve as a review of the current literature on dietary and drug therapies for stone prevention.

Citrato y litiasis renal / Citrate and renal stones

El citrato es un potente inhibidor de la cristalización de sales de calcio. La hipocitraturia es una alteración bioquímica frecuente en la formación de cálculos de calcio en adultos y especialmente en niños. El pH ácido (sistémico, tubular e intracelular) es el principal determinante de la excreción de citrato en la orina. Si bien la mayoría de los pacientes con litiasis renal presentan hipocitraturia idiopática, hay un número de causas para esta anormalidad que incluyen acidosis tubular renal distal, hipokalemia, dietas ricas en proteínas de origen animal y/o dietas bajas en álcalis y ciertas drogas, como la acetazolamida, topiramato, IECA y tiazidas. Las modificaciones dietéticas que benefician a estos pacientes incluyen: alta ingesta de líquidos y frutas, especialmente cítricos, restricción de sodio y proteínas, con consumo normal de calcio. El tratamiento con citrato de potasio es efectivo en pacientes con hipocitraturia primaria o secundaria y en aquellos desordenes en la acidificación, que provocan un pH urinario persistentemente ácido. Los efectos adversos son bajos y están referidos al tracto gastrointestinal. Si bien hay diferentes preparaciones de citrato (citrato de potasio, citrato de sodio, citrato de potasio-magnesio) en nuestro país solo está disponible el citrato de potasio en polvo que es muy útil para corregir la hipocitraturia y el pH urinario bajo, y reducir marcadamente la recurrencia de la litiasis renal.

Citrate is a powerful inhibitor of the crystallization of calcium salts. Hypocitraturia is a biochemical common alteration in calcium stone formation in adults and especially in children. The acid pH (systemic, tubular and intracellular) is the main determinant of citrate excretion in the urine. While the etiology of hypocitraturia is idiopathic in most patients with kidney stones, there are a number of causes for this abnormality including distal renal tubular acidosis, hypokalemia, diets rich in animal protein and / or diets low in alkali and certain drugs, such as acetazolamide, topiramate, ACE inhibitors and thiazides. Dietary modifications that benefit these patients include high intake of fluids and fruits, especially citrus, sodium and protein restriction, with normal calcium intake. Treatment with potassium citrate is effective in patients with primary or secondary hypocitraturia and acidification disorders, which cause unduly acidic urine pH persistently. Adverse effects are low and are referred to the gastrointestinal tract. While there are various preparations of citrate (potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium) in our country is available only potassium citrate powder that is useful to correct both the hypocitraturia and the low urinary pH and reduce markedly the recurrence of kidney stones.

Results of urinary dissolution therapy for radiolucent calculi

Purpose In this paper we present our experience with dissolution therapy of radiolucent calculi. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients who were offered urinary dissolution therapy between January 2010 and June 2011. Patients were treated with tablets containing potassium citrate and magnesium oxide. Partial dissolution was defined as at least a 50% reduction in stone size. Patients with complete or partial dissolution were classified in the successful dissolution group. Patients with no change, inadequate reduction, increase in stone size and those unable to tolerate alkali therapy were classified as failures. Patient sex, stenting before alkalinization, stone size, urine pH at presentation and serum uric acid levels were analyzed using Fisher t-test for an association with successful dissolution. Results Out of 67, 48 patients reported for follow up. 10 (15%) had complete dissolution and 13 (19%) had partial dissolution. Alkalinization was unsuccessful in achieving dissolution in 25 (37%). Stenting before alkalinization, patient weight (< 60 vs. > 75kg) and serum uric acid levels (≤ 6 vs. > 6) were the only factors to significantly affected dissolution rates (p = 0.039, p 0.035, p 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS A policy of offering dissolution therapy to patients with radiolucent calculi had a successful outcome in 34% of patients. .

Alkaline citrate reduces stone recurrence and regrowth after shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preventive effects of alkaline citrate on stone recurrence as well as stone growth post-ESWL or PCNL in patients with calcium-containing stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 76 patients with calcium calculi who were stone-free or had residual stones less than 4 mm following ESWL and PCNL were enrolled. All patients were independently randomized into two groups. The treated group (N = 39) was given 81 mEq per day of oral potassium-sodium citrate (27 mEq three times a day), and the untreated group (N = 37) serving as controls. Blood, twenty-four hour urine analysis, and plain KUB were measured and compared at the baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: At baseline, hypocitraturia was found in 20 of 39 patients (46.05 percent) of Group I and 15 of 37 patients (40.5 percent) of Group II. At 12 months, hypocitraturia was found in 3 of 39 (7.69 percent) and 14 of 37 (37.83 percent) of Group I and Group II, respectively (p = 0.007). At the 12 month follow-up, of the stone-free group, 92.3 percent of the treated group and 57.7 percent of the control group were still stone free. Of the residual stone group, 30.8 percent and 9.1 percent of treated and control group were stone-free, respectively. The increased stone size found in 7.7 percent and 54.5 percent of treated and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sodium-potassium citrate provides positive effects on stone-forming activities in calcium stone patients suffering from urolithiasis following treatment with ESWL and PCNL procedures at the 12-month follow-up.

Mutación G47R en el gen SBSN causa síndrome de Bartter con sordera en dos hermanas venezolanas / Bartter syndrome with deafness in two venezuelan sisters

El Síndrome de Bartter (SB) es un grupo heterogéneo de tubulopatías autosómicas recesivas, perdedoras de sal e hipokalémicas. Se han identificado cinco tipos de SB causados por diferentes defectos genéticos, uno de ellos está asociado con sordera neurosensorial (SBSN). Recientemente se han descrito mutaciones en el gen SBND, mapeado en el cromosoma 1p31, asociadas con BSNS. El gen Barttin, codifica para una subunidad B esencial, subunidad de los canales ClC-ka y ClC-kb. Ambas subunidades están co- expresadas en la membrana basolateral de los túbulos renales, en las ramas delgada y gruesa del asa de Henle, y en la vascularización del oído interno. En el presente trabajo se describen los casos clínicos de dos hermanas venezolanas hijas de padres consanguíneos (primo-hermanos) de Jadacaquiva en la Península de Paraguaná, estado Falcón. La secuencia de análisis del gen SBSN mostró que las niñas afectadas eran homocigotas para una transición C-T en axón 1. Esta alteración resulta en una mutación ausente, G47R, la cual suprime el efecto estimulante sobre el barttin de la subunidad del canal ClC-KB. Estas niñas con la mutación G47R presentaron polihidramnios, partoprematuro y pérdida de sal. Sin embargo, la tasa de filtración glomerular de las pacientes es normal. Las manifestaciones clínicas son más moderadas en pacientes con mutación G47R, en relación a otros pacientes publicados con SBSN. Éste es el primer reporte de casos con SBSN en Venezuela.

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies. Five types of BS caused by different genetic defects have been identified, and one of them is associated with sensorineural deafness (BSND). Mutations in the recently described BSND gene, mapped in chromosome 1p31, have been reported to be associated with BSNS. This gene encodes barttin, an essential B-subunit ClC-ka and ClC-kb channels. Both subunits are co-expressed in basolateral membranes of renal tubules in the thin and thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop and in the stria vascularis of the inner ear. We studied two venezuelan sisters, daughters of consanguineous parents from a small town called Jadacaquiva, in the peninsula of Paraguaná, Venezuela. Sequence analysis of the BSND gene showed that the affected members were homozygous for C to T transition in axon 1. This alteration results in a missense mutation, G47R that has been previously shown to abolish the stimulatory effect on the subunit barttin of the ClC-Kb channel. The patients with the G47R mutation presented polyhidramnios, premature birth and salt loss. Nevertheless, glomerular filtration rate is normal. Clinical manifestations are moderate in patients with G47R mutation with regard to other patients reported with BSND. This is the first report of BSND in Venezuela.

Tratamiento a largo plazo con citrato de potasio en pacientes nefrolitiásicos adultos con hipocitraturia o diátesis gotosa / Long-Term treatment of adult nephrolithiasis patients with hypocitraturia or gouty diathesis with potassium citrate

Pocos estudios han evaluado el tratamiento a largo plazo con citrato de potasio en pacientes con nefrolitiasis por oxalato de calcio o ácido úrico cuyos factores de riesgo metabólico urinario son hipocitraturia o diátesis gotosa. Nosotros evaluamos retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 92 pacientes adultos con litiasis renal recurrente cuyos factores de riesgo metabólico eran hipocitraturia aislada o diátesis gotosa que fueron tratados con citrato de potasio 30 a 60 meq/día, una a dos veces por día, por más de 3 meses.... Concluimos que el tratamiento con citrato de potasio efectivamente corrige los trastornos metabólicos en pacientes con hipocitraturia y diátesis gotosa con una disminución asociada en el calcio urinario y que estos efectos son sostenidos en el tiempo.

Few studies have evaluated the long term treatmente with potassium citrate in patients with calcium oxalate o uric acid nephrolithiasis whose urine metabolic risk factores were hypocitraturia or gouty diathesis. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 92 adult patients with recurrent renal stones whose urine metabolic risk factores were either hypocitraturia or gouty diathesis who were treated with potassium citrate 30 at 60 meq/d one or two times daily, for more than 3 months... We conclude that potassium citrate effectively corrects metabolic derangements in patients with hypocitraturia and couty diathesis with an associated decrease in urinary calcium and these effects were sustained in time.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis with hypercalcemia.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is an uncommon condition and may be complicated by hypercalcemia. A 28-day-old neonate, presenting with SCFN, hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis was managed with intravenous saline followed by furosemide, oral prednisolone, potassium citrate and etidronate.

Involução de litíase renal com citrato de potássio e hidroclorotiazida / Clinical treatment of renal lithiasis with potassium citrate and hidroclorotiazide: a case report

Recentemente tem surgido estudos buscando comprovar os efeitos benéficos da terapêutica com citrato de potássio para prevenção e tratamento da litíase renal. Os autores relatam um caso de involução de cálculo renal e revisam a literatura atual sobre a patogenia dos cálculos, tratamentos disponíveis e prevenção de recidivas

Influência de diferentes citratos na prevençäo da cárie dentária em ratos (Rattus norvegicus, var-albinus) / Influence of different citrates on the prevention of dental caries in rats (Rattus novergicus, var-albinus)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes citratos na incidência de cárie em ratos (Rattus norvegicus, var-albinus). Para tal, foram utilizados 96 ratos (48 machos e 48 fêmeas) com 21 dias de idade e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos com 16 animais cada: G.I - dieta cariogênica (controle); G.II - dieta cariogênica + citrato de cálcio 1 por cento; G.III - dieta cariogênica + citrato de magnésio 0,9 por cento; G.IV - dieta cariogênica + citrato de potássio 0,65 por cento; G.V - dieta cariogênica + citrato de amônio bibásico, 0,45 por cento; G.VI - dieta cariogênica + ácido cítrico 0,38 por cento. A dieta cariogênica utilizada foi a 2000 a, proposta por REGOLATI; MUHLHEMANN 45. Os animais de todos os grupos, foram pesados inicialmente aos 21 dias de idade e depois semanalmente até atingirem 64 dias de idade após o que, foram sacrificados. Os segmentos ósseos maxilares e mandibulares foram removidos hemisseccionados e preparados para o exame das lesöes de cárie de sulco de molares segundo o método de KEYES 21. Os dados obtidos foram anotados em fichas apropriadas para posteriormente serem analisados estatisticamente, através de um teste näo paramétrico a um modelo de análise de variância a um critério de Kruskal-Wallis, permitindo desta maneira concluir que: - O íon citrato apresenta efeito anticariogênico. - O ácido cítrico, demonstrou um maior efeito na reduçäo da cárie dentária quando comparado aos sais de citrato, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes. - Os sais de citrato reduziram a incidência de cárie, a nível de significância estatística, porém, quando comparados entre si, näo demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. - Os diferentes tratamentos recebidos pelos ratos durante todo o período experimental näo alteraram o ganho de peso desses animais