Molecular Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Northeastern China

A study of 426 rabbits from 3 cities in Jilin province (Changchun City and Jilin City) and Liaoning province (Shenyang City) was conducted between May and June 2015. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in rabbits was 0.94% (4/426), with 0% (0/116), 1.72% (3/174), and 0.74% (1/136) in Jilin, Changchun, and Shenyang City, respectively. Only 3 farms (farm 1 and farm 3 in Changchun City, farm 8 in Shenyang City) were PCR-positive for E. bieneusi. Moreover, rabbits of more than 6 months (1.72%) had the highest E. bieneusi prevalence, followed by rabbits of 4-6 months (1.26%), 2-3 months (0.58%), and less than 1 month (0%). Analysis of ITS gene of E. bieneusi suggested that all 4 E. bieneusi isolates were genotype D, and were classified as group 1a. The present results first demonstrated the existence of zoonotic E. bieneusi in domestic rabbits in China. Effective control measures should be implemented to prevent E. bieneusi infection in domestic rabbits, other animals, and humans.

Biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade de micropartículas de poli-lactato-co-glicolato na ceratite infecciosa em coelhos / Biocompatibility and biodegradability of poly-latic-co-glycolatic microparticles in the infectious keratitis in rabbits

Avaliaram-se a biocompatibilidade e a biodegradabilidade do sistema de liberação controlada de poli-lactato-co-glicolato (PLGA) no tratamento com ciprofloxacina das ceratites por Staphylococcus aureus em coelhos. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (G). Os animais dos G1, G3 e G4 foram inoculados com 2,5µL da bactéria - 108UFC, no estroma corneano. Os do G2 não receberam a aplicação do inóculo. O tratamento foi realizado com solução salina básica para os animais do G1, micropartículas de PLGA contendo ciprofloxacina nos animais dos G2 e G4 e colírio de ciprofloxacina naqueles do G3. Suabe e biópsia da superfície ocular foram coletados para cultura. Apenas um animal do G1 apresentou cultura positiva para S. aureus. Exame histológico revelou a presença bacteriana em todos os animais do G1 e em dois animais do G3. Também foi constatada reação inflamatória no local da aplicação do sistema de liberação controlada. O tratamento com micropartículas de PLGA foi eficiente no tratamento de ceratites bacterianas, ao eliminar por completo a presença do S. aureus, mas entretanto não foi completamente biocompatível e biodegradável após cinco dias.

The biocompatibility and biodegradability of the controlled delivery system of Poly-Latic-Co-Glucolatic (PLGA) in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus keratitis with ciprofloxacin in rabbits were evaluated. Twenty rabbits divided into four groups (G) were used. G1, G3 and G4 animals were inoculated with bacterial 2.5µL (108CFU) in the corneal stroma, and G2 animals did not receive the application of inoculum. The treatment was performed with basic saline solution in G1 rabbits, micro particles of PLGA containing ciprofloxacin in G2 and G4 animals, and ciprofloxacin eye drops in G3 rabbits. Swab and biopsy of the ocular surface were collected for culture. Only one animal in G1 had positive culture for S. aureus in the processed material. Histological examination showed a bacterial presence in all animals in G1 and two animals in G3. Inflammatory reaction was noted at the application site of the controlled release. Data analysis showed that treatment with micro particles of PLGA was effective in treating bacterial keratitis, completely eliminating the presence of S. aureus, but it was not being completely biocompatible and biodegradable after five days.

Quality changes during refrigerated storage of rabbit meat

Rabbit meat obtained from 18 New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to refrigerated storage at 3 +/- 1°C and examined after 1, 5, 7, 10 and 12 days for pH value, cooking loss%, sensory properties, aerobic mesophilic count [AMC], psychrophilic count, lactic acid bacteria count [LAB] and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS]. PH revealed a variation in its value throughout the storage period. Cooking loss% was significantly increased [P < 0.05] throughout storage period, while storage significantly decreased sensory prosperities. A significant increase [P < 0.05] was detected among all microbial counts and TBARS throughout the storage period. Data obtained suggest that rabbit meat should be rejected at the 10[th] day of refrigerated storage due to significant alterations in sensory attributes and unacceptable microbial counts

Principais causas de condenação de frangos em abatedouro de aves e coelhos no Triangulo Mineiro / Major causes of condemnation of broilers at slaughter of poultry and rabbits in the Triangulo Mineiro

Diversas causas promovem a condenação de frangos em abatedouro avícola. É responsabilidade do Serviço de Inspeção fiscalizar os abatedouros e destinar os seus produtos ao consumo direto, aproveitamento condicional ou a sua condenação quando impróprios ao consumo humano por problemas de ordem sanitária ou higiênica. O objetivo do trabalho foi conhecer e quantificar as principais causas de condenações de frangos, no período de 1999 a 2003, em um Frigorífico de Aves e Coelhos localizado na região do Triângulo Mineiro. A análise dos dados fornecidos pelo SIF apontou como resultado em ordem de ocorrência as principais causas de condenações que foram: contaminação; dermatose; contusão; ave morta; sangria inadequada; escaldagem excessiva; aspecto repugnante; artrite; aerossaculite e caquexia. Esse conhecimento viabiliza a implantação de medidas higiênicas e sanitárias preventivas, com vistas à qualidade do produto e a diminuição dos custos a partir de menores índices de condenações.

Detection of the prevalence and pathogenicity of clostridium perfringens and clostridium spiroforme associated diarrhoea in rabbits [with 5 tables]

A total of 140 rectal swabs, 20 of apparently healthy, 80 diarrhoeic rabbits and 40 freshly dead and sacrificed diarrhoeic rabbits 6-8 weeks old collected from EI-Minia and Assiut provinces. Collected samples were examined bacteriologically for prevalence and pathogenicity of clostridia. According to morphological characters and biochemical reactions. The incidence of C.perfringens and C.spiroforme were 55 [39.30%] and 10 [7.14%] respectively. There was variation between the prevalence rate of clostridia according to their general healthy condition, where was 3 [15%] in apparently healthy, 32 [40] in diarrhoeic rabbits while was 30 [75%] in dead and slaughtered diarrhoeic rabbits. For toxogenic and non-toxogenic type of C-perfringens, the incidence of toxigenic type was 45 [81.82%] while was 10 [18.18%] for nontoxigenic type. ToxIgenic type revealed that type "E" was the most predominant [71.11%], followed by type "A", "D" and "B" were [15.56%], [8.89%] and [4.45%] respectively. The pathogencity test of the isolates revealed high mortality of infected rabbits with C.perfringens type "E" reached to [75%] and [37.5%] for type "A", while reached to [62.5%] for C.spiroforme. All dead infected rabbits showed profuse watery diarrhoea and die within few first days after onset. Postmortem examination showed a varying degree of inflammation and ulcerative lesions on mucosal surface of caecum, colon and ileum while internal organs were congested and sometimes necrotic foci in liver. Sensitivity test of Clostridial strains against some antibiotics in vitro showed that, Ampcillin, Norfloxacin and Chloramphenicol were highly effective, while the strains were resistance to Streptomycin and Gentamycin