Exploration of family rehabilitation model for children with scar contracture after hand burns / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the family rehabilitation model for children with scar contracture after hand burns and observe its efficacy. Methods: A retrospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted. From March 2020 to March 2021, 30 children with scar contracture after deep partial-thickness to full-thickness burns of hands, who met the inclusion criteria, were hospitalized in the Burn Center of PLA of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University. According to the rehabilitation model adopted, 18 children (23 affected hands) were included in a group mainly treated by family rehabilitation (hereinafter referred to as family rehabilitation group), and 12 children (15 affected hands) were included in another group mainly treated by hospital rehabilitation (hereinafter referred to as hospital rehabilitation group). In the former group, there were 11 males and 7 females, aged (4.8±2.1) years, who began rehabilitation treatment (3.1±0.8) d after wound healing; in the latter group, there were 7 males and 5 females, aged (4.6±2.1) years, who began rehabilitation treatment (2.8±0.7) d after wound healing. The children in hospital rehabilitation group mainly received active and passive rehabilitation training in the hospital, supplemented by independent rehabilitation training after returning home; after 1-2 weeks of active and passive rehabilitation training in the hospital, the children in family rehabilitation group received active and passive rehabilitation training at home under the guidance of rehabilitation therapists through WeChat platform. Both groups of children were treated for 6 months. During the treatment, they wore pressure gloves and used hand flexion training belts and finger splitting braces. Before treatment and after 6 months of treatment, the modified Vancouver scar scale, the total active movement of the hand method, and Carroll quantitative test of upper extremity function were used to score/rate the scar of the affected hand (with the difference of scar score between before treatment and after treatment being calculated), the joint range of motion (with excellent and good ratio being calculated), and the function of the affected limb, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, equivalence test, Fisher's exact probability test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The differences of scar scores of the affected hands of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group between after 6 months of treatment and those before treatment were 3.0 (2.0, 7.0) and 3.0 (2.0, 8.0) respectively (with 95% confidence interval of 2.37-5.38 and 1.95-5.91). The 95% confidence interval of the difference between the differences of the two groups was -2.43-2.21, which was within the equivalent boundary value of -3-3 (P<0.05). The excellent and good ratios of joint range of motion of the affected hand of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group were 3/23 and 2/15 respectively before treatment, and 15/23 and 12/15 respectively after 6 months of treatment. The ratings of joint range of motion of the affected hand of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group after 6 months of treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (with Z values of 3.58 and 2.30, respectively, P<0.05), but the ratings of joint range of motion of the affected hand between the two groups were similar before treatment and after 6 months of treatment (with Z values of 0.39 and 0.55, respectively, P>0.05). The functional ratings of the affected limbs of children in family rehabilitation group and hospital rehabilitation group after 6 months of treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (with Z values of 3.98 and 3.51, respectively, P<0.05), but the functional ratings of the affected limbs between the two groups were similar before treatment and after 6 months of treatment (with Z values of 1.27 and 0.38, respectively, P>0.05). Conclusions: The WeChat platform assisted rehabilitation treatment with mainly family rehabilitation, combined with hand flexion and extension brace can effectively reduce the scarring after children's hand burns, improve the joint range of motion of the affected hands, and promote the recovery of affected limb function. The effect is similar to that of hospital-based rehabilitation providing an optional rehabilitation, treatment method for children who cannot continue to receive treatment in hospital.

King Vision video laryngoscope for severe post burn contracture neck: an encouraging experience / Videolaringoscópio King Vision para contratura grave do pescoço após queimadura: uma experiência encorajadora

Abstract Background and objectives Managing the airway of post burn contracture of the neck has always been challenging to anesthesiologists as it limits the alignment of oro-pharyngo-laryngeal axes because of functional and anatomical deformities that occur as a result of long standing contractures. Here the role of the King Vision video laryngoscope which is the latest in the series of video laryngoscope has been evaluated for such patients. Case report A 35 year old male patient with post burn contracture of neck was scheduled for release of the contracture. As the patient had had fixed flexion deformity of the neck we did not attempt the conventional laryngoscopy. Instead we opted for King Vision video laryngoscope. Conclusion We therefore conclude that King Vision videolaryngoscope can be used for difficult airway situations like post burn contracture of neck.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos O manejo de vias aéreas em contratura de pescoço após queimadura sempre foi um desafio para os anestesiologistas, pois a contratura limita o alinhamento do eixo orofaringolaríngeo devido às deformidades funcionais e anatômicas que ocorrem como resultado de contraturas de longa duração. Relato de caso Paciente do sexo masculino, 35 anos de idade, com contratura do pescoço após queimadura foi programado para liberação da contratura. Como estava com deformidade fixa em flexão no pescoço, não tentamos a laringoscopia convencional e optamos por usar o videolaringoscópio King Vision. Conclusão O videolaringoscópio King Vision pode ser usado em situações de via aérea difícil como a contratura de pescoço após queimadura.

Analysis of risk factors leading to postoperative urethral stricture and bladder neck contracture following transurethral resection of prostate

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine risk factors of postoperative urethral stricture (US) and vesical neck contracture (BNC) after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) from perioperative parameters. Materials and Methods: 373 patients underwent TURP in a Chinese center for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (LUTS/BPO), with their perioperative and follow-up clinical data being collected. Univariate analyses were used to determine variables which had correlation with the incidence of US and BNC before logistic regression being applied to find out independent risk factors. Results: The median follow-up was 29.3 months with the incidence of US and BNC being 7.8% and 5.4% respectively. Resection speed, reduction in hemoglobin (ΔHb) and hematocrit (ΔHCT) levels, incidence of urethral mucosa rupture, re-catheterization and continuous infection had significant correlation with US, while PSA level, storage score, total prostate volume (TPV), transitional zone volume (TZV), transitional zone index (TZI), resection time and resected gland weight had significant correlation with BNC. Lower resection speed (OR=0.48), urethral mucosa rupture (OR=2.44) and continuous infection (OR=1.49) as well as higher storage score (OR=2.51) and lower TPV (OR=0.15) were found to be the independent risk factors of US and BNC respectively. Conclusions: Lower resection speed, intraoperative urethral mucosa rupture and postoperative continuous infection were associated with a higher risk of US while severer storage phase symptom and smaller prostate size were associated with a higher risk of BNC after TURP.

Opções a capsulotomia e capsulectomia no tratamento da contratura capsular: existem alternativas medicamentosas ao tratamento cirúrgico? Revisão de literatura / Options for capsulotomy and capsulectomy in the treatment of capsular contracture: are there clinical treatment alternatives to surgery? A literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: A contratura capsular é uma das principais complicações em cirurgias envolvendo implantes mamários. A classificação mais usada para avaliar o grau de contratura é a de Baker, que a divide em graus I, II, III e IV, sendo as de grau III e IV consideradas significativas. Apesar de existirem diversas teorias, a etiologia da contratura capsular permanece incerta. O tratamento convencional para os casos de contratura é a abordagem cirúrgica com realização de capsulotomia ou capsulectomia. Estes procedimentos, no entanto, não estão isentos de morbidades, com complicações como deiscências, hematomas, seromas, pneumotórax, assimetrias e recidiva da contratura. Este estudo faz uma revisão sobre as alternativas ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional, descritas na literatura. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada pesquisa nas bibliotecas da Pubmed e da Cochrane, utilizando-se os termos: 'capsular contracture', 'capsular contracture treatment' e 'capsular contracture breast treatment'. Foram identificados 991 artigos e selecionados os que discutiam opções medicamentosas para o tratamento de contratura, diferentes de capsulectomia e capsulotomia. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados vårios estudos utilizando drogas com o fim de reduzir a contratura capsular, das quais o Zafirlucaste é apresentado em maior número de trabalhos. CONCLUSÃO: Dentre as várias drogas utilizadas, o Zafirlucaste apresentou boa eficácia, com baixos índices de complicação; a Triancinolona parece ser também uma boa opção, no entanto precisa de profissional habilitado para realizar as infiltrações. As demais drogas necessitam de maiores estudos.

INTRODUCTION: Capsular contracture is among the main complications of surgeries involving breast implants. The most commonly used classification to assess the degree of contracture is the Baker grading system, which divides contractures into grades I, II, III, and IV. Of these, grade III and IV contractures are considered significant. Although several causes have been postulated, the etiology of capsular contracture remains uncertain. Conventional treatment for contracture is based on a surgical approach, specifically capsulotomy or capsulectomy. These procedures, however, are not exempt from morbidity, and patients may develop complications such as dehiscence, hematoma, seroma, pneumothorax, asymmetry, and contracture recurrence. This study provides a review of alternatives to conventional surgery described in the literature. METHODS: We researched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the following keywords: "capsular contracture", "capsular contracture treatment", and "capsular contracture breast treatment". We identified 991 articles from which we selected those discussing medication options for contracture treatment other than capsulectomy and capsulotomy. RESULTS: We identified several studies in which drugs, most commonly zafirlukast, were used to reduce capsular contracture. CONCLUSION: Among the various reported drugs, zafirlukast exhibited good efficacy and a low rate of complication. Triamcinolone also appears to be a good option, although professional assistance would be needed for drug administration via infiltration. The other drugs described would require further investigation.

Cistectomia com reconstrução de neobexiga ortotópica ileal para tratamento de bexiga contraída após aplicação de bacilo de Calmette-Guérin intravesical / Cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction for treatment of bladder contracture after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy

O câncer de bexiga é um importante problema de saúde mundial, tanto pelas elevadas taxas de prevalência, quanto pelos custos relacionados ao tratamento. Desde a introdução da imunoterapia intravesical adjuvante com bacilo Calmette-Guérin, vem sendo observada diminuição na taxa de recorrência. As principais complicações são de pequeno porte e simples resolução a partir de medidas locais e orientações. A bexiga contraída, uma complicação local rara e grave, mas incapacitante em alguns casos, é observada principalmente em doentes com um programa de manutenção. Relatamos aqui o caso de um paciente masculino submetido a ressecção transuretral da bexiga por um carcinoma urotelial T1 de alto grau, que desenvolveu tal complicação durante tratamento com bacilo Calmette-Guérin, sendo portanto submetido à cistoprostatectomia com realização de neobexiga ortotópica ileal.

Bladder cancer is an important health problem worldwide due to high prevalence rates and costs related to treatment. A reduction in recurrence rates has been observed since the introduction of adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. There are mild complications that are easily solved by local measures and orientations. Bladder contracture, a rare and severe local complication, in some cases leading to disability, is observed primarily in patients in a maintenance program. In this article we reported the case of a male patient who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder because of a high-grade T1 urothelial carcinoma and developed this complication during treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. For this reason he was submitted to cystoprostatectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction.

Características clínicas y evolutivas del tortícolis muscular congénito / Clinical characteristics and outcome of congenital muscular torticollis

El Tortícolis Muscular Congénito (TMC), es un síndrome compartamental resultado de la afectación del músculoesternocleidomastoideo asociado a malposición intrauterina. Es la tercera anomalía músculo-esquelética más conocida en la edad pediátrica. Describir la distribución de frecuencia de las variables clínicas y evolutivas del TMC. Se realizó una investigación clínica per se, transversal, descriptiva a través de la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con TMC atendidos porNeuropediatría y Medicina Física / Rehabilitación del Instituto Hospital Universitario Los Andes durante el lapso 2001 - 2011. Se incluyeron 16 casos: 11 femeninos; 9 de los casos con edad al ingreso de 5 meses o más. Se observó asociación de TMC con presentación podálica en la mitad de los casos y en un tercio de los mismos con cesáreas complicadas. El motivo de consulta máscomún fue la posición lateral cervical, siendo derecha en 11 casos. Fueron constantes los hallazgos de pseudo tumoración cervical, espacio hombro-cuello y ángulos de rotación cervical disminuidos. Catorce pacientes presentaron plaquiocefalia y asimetría facial. Los pacientes menores de 3 meses de edad respondieron al tratamiento rehabilitador y los de 5 meses o más al tratamiento rehabilitadorcombinado con tratamiento quirúrgico. El diagnóstico precoz de TMC y la intervención temprana podrían favorecer el pronóstico funcional del paciente y evitar el apoyo quirúrgic.

The Congenital Muscular Torticollis (CMT) is a compartmental syndrome resulting from a disturbance of thesternocleidomastoid muscle associated with an intrauterine malposition. It is the third best known muscle-skeletal anomaly in the pediatric age. To describe the frequency distribution of the CMT clinical and evolving variables. A transversaldescriptive clinical research was conducted through the review of medical records of patients with CMT from the Neuropediatric andPhysical Medicine / Rehabilitation units of the Hospital Universitario Los Andes Institute during the period 2001-2011. 16 cases, 11 female, were reviewed, 9 of which were five or more months old at admission. Association of TMC with breech presentation in half of the cases and a third of them with complicated caesarean section was observed. The most common reason for seeking consultation was the lateral cervical position, this being at the right in 11 cases. The findings of cervical pseudo tumor were constant, shoulder-neck space and cervical rotation angles were decreased. Fourteen patients presented plaquiocefalia and facial asymmetry. Patients under 3 months of age had a positive response to rehabilitation treatment and those 5 or more months old to rehabilitation treatment combined with surgical treatment. An early diagnosis of CMT and an early intervention could promote a functional prognosis of the patient and avoid surgical support.

Unusual manifestation of Marden-walker syndrome.

Marden-Walker syndrome (MWS) is characterized by multiple joint contractures, a mask-like face with blepharophimosis, micrognathia, high-arched or cleft palate, low-set ears, decreased muscular bulk, arachnodactyly, and kyphoscoliosis. We report a case of MWS along with unusual manifestation of neurological, cardiovascular, and genitourinary system.

Inflammatory and oxidative stress after surgery for the small area corrections of burn sequelae / Estresse inflamatório e oxidativo após cirurgia para correção de pequenas áreas de sequela de queimaduras

PURPOSE: To compare vitamin levels, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers before and after skin autograft surgery to correct burn scar areas. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted with 8 patients with a median age of 28 years (range, 16 to 40 years) that had burn sequelae and were admitted to a Burn Unit for correction of small burn scar areas [3.3 (1.0-5.0) percent of the corporal surface]. The volunteers were evaluated before and 48 hours after excision of scar tissue and skin autograft. Routine laboratory data, along with a food questionnaire and anthropometry were collected in the preoperative period. Serum vitamin A, C, E, B12 and folic acid levels, inflammatory markers (C-protein reactive, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, ferritin) and oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione - GSH and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - TBARS) were determined at preoperative and postoperative phases. Data were analyzed with two-sample Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: All volunteers were clinically stable and had adequate nutritional status at admission. After surgery, C-reactive protein serum levels increased [0.4 (0.01-1.0) vs. 2.5 (0.6-4.7) mg/dL, p=0.01] and vitamin A levels decreased [3.4 (2.1-4.2) vs. 2.4 (1.6-4.1) µmol/L, p=0.01]. No changes occurred in other vitamins, ferrritin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, GSH and TBARS levels. CONCLUSION: Minimal metabolic changes were produced after skin autograft in small areas of well-nourished patients without active infection or inflammation.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os níveis séricos de vitaminas e dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo e inflamatório antes e após enxerto cutâneo para correção de pequenas áreas de cicatrizes hipertróficas de queimaduras. MÉTODOS: O estudo prospectivo foi conduzido com oito pacientes com mediana de idade de 28 anos (variação de 16 a 40 anos) que apresentavam cicatrizes fibróticas decorrentes de queimaduras. Todos os pacientes foram admitidos em Unidade de Queimados para serem submetidos a enxertos autólogos [3,3 (1,0 a 5,0) por cento da superfície corporal]. Os voluntários foram avaliados antes e 48 horas após a excisão do tecido cicatricial e do enxerto autólogo. Exames laboratoriais de rotina, além do questionário alimentar e da antropometria foram obtidos no período pré-operatório. Os níveis séricos das vitaminas A, C, E, B12 e ácido fólico, os marcadores inflamatórios (proteína C reativa, alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida e ferritina) e marcadores de estresse oxidativo (glutationa reduzida - GSH e Substâncias Reativas do Ácido Tiobarbitúrico - TBARS) foram determinados nas fases pré e pós-operatórias. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Wilcoxon pareado. RESULTADOS: Todos os voluntários estavam clinicamente estáveis e apresentavam estado nutricional adequado à admissão hospitalar. Após a cirurgia, houve aumento dos níveis séricos de proteína C reativa [0,4 (0,01-1,0) vs 2,5 (0,6-4,7) mg/dL, p=0,01], enquanto houve redução nos níveis de vitamina A [3,4 (2,1-4,2) vs 2,4 (1,6-4,1) µmol/L, p=0,01]. Não houve mudanças nos níveis séricos de outras vitaminas, ferritina, alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida, GSH e TBARS. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com bom estado nutricional e sem evidência de atividade inflamatória ou infecciosa ocorrem mudanças metabólicas mínimas após enxerto autólogo de pequenas áreas de cicatrizes de queimadura.

Contractura axilar por quemadura tratada con Integra® / Axillary burn contracture treated with Integra®

Introduction: Severe axillary burn is an unusual accident that frequently evolves to contracture generating important cosmetic and functional deficiencies. Contracture scars in this region are difficult to treat because of the anatomic characteristics of the area that has multiple power vectors. Functional restoration has to be one of the main goals in the management of burns in the axilla and flaps have shown high rate of morbidity. Integra® provides satisfactory elasticity and dermal resistance which results in positive functional results. Objective: Analyze the results of the use of Integra® in axillary burn contracture scars at a specialized Burns Center. Materials and Methods: There were 4 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery using Integra® for axillary burn contractures between January 2002 and March 2006. Follow-up was divided into perioperative and late. Early follow-up checked general post-operative evolution and late follow-up was focused on functionality and patient independence evaluated using Barthel's index of daily living activities. Results: There were 3 males and 1 female, average age 27 (18-41) with a minimum follow up of 9 months. There were no perioperative complications and good or very good range of motion results. Conclusions: Our results are similar to artificial skin substitutes used in other anatomical regions.

Las quemaduras axilares severas son un accidente infrecuente que evolucionan a la retracción generando deficiencias cosméticas y funcionales. Estas cicatrices son difíciles de tratar por las características anatómicas del área, donde la corrección de un vector de movimiento puede alterar otro. Objetivo: Mostrar nuestros resultados utilizando el sustituto cutáneo Integra® en el tratamiento de cicatrices retráctiles axilares por quemadura. Pacientes y Métodos: Se recolectaron antecedentes médicos y fotográficos de pacientes portadores de cicatrices retráctiles axilares por quemadura entre enero de 2002 y marzo de 2006 en el Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago. Se evaluó pre y postoperatoriamente a los pacientes en forma subjetiva por fisiatra y con el Test de Barthel. Resultados: Se incluyeron 4 pacientes en el estudio (3 mujeres y 1 hombre), edad media 27 años (18-41). Todas las quemaduras fueron producidas por fuego. Índice de Barthel preoperatorio fue de 87,5 (levemente dependiente para las actividades de la vida diaria) y rango de movimiento moderadamente afectado. En el postoperatorio los pacientes fueron catalogados como independientes según el Test de Barthel y el rango de movimiento fue descrito como bueno o muy bueno por el fisiatra. No hubo complicaciones peri operatorias, Integra® prendió adecuadamente en todos los casos. Los pacientes fueron seguidos en promedio 16 meses (9-22). Conclusiones: Los sustitutos dérmicos han sido usados para la corrección de cicatrices de quemaduras con buenos resultados, pero no hay reportes en la axila. El pequeño número de pacientes que presentamos tienen un excelente resultado funcional, lo que nos estimula a seguir trabajando en este rumbo.

The intimate nature of oculomotor muscles contracture / A natureza íntima da contratura do músculo oculomotor

The author makes comments about the shortening and loss of elasticity of the oculomotor muscle that remains slack for some time (contracture), by means of a reasoning based on the Hooke´s law and on the papers carried out to demonstrate that a muscle that remains relaxed for some time suffers a shortening due to loss of sarcomeres on the longitudinal direction and the increase of the cross-sectional area due to the increase of collagen tissue in the perimysium and the endomysium.

O autor procura demonstrar a razão da perda de elasticidade e do encurtamento do músculo oculomotor que permanece relaxado durante certo tempo (contratura), mediante raciocínio baseado na lei de Hooke e nos trabalhos que demonstram que o músculo oculomotor que permanece frouxo por algum tempo sofre encurtamento devido à perda de sarcômeros no sentido longitudinal e ao aumento da área da secção transversa, devida ao aumento do tecido colágeno do perimísio e do endomísio.

Dynamic commissural splint.

Microstomia, an abnormally small oral orifice, can manifest as a sequela of burns involving the oral and perioral tissues due to contraction of the tissues and hypotonia of the circumoral musculature. Regardless of the etiology, scar contracture results in deformities that produce esthetic and functional impairment. Changes in the circumoral anatomy prevent optimal dental care and maintenance of good oral hygiene. The anatomic changes may detrimentally alter eating, speech, and mandibular motion. Prosthetic treatment involves providing physical resistance to scar contracture by maintaining the oral commissures in their normal relationship by means of a splint. This article describes a method to fabricate a dynamic commissural splint and describes its use in two cases.

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with a rare digital contracture.

A sixteen year-old male patient with no history of consanguinity in the family, reported with patchy, thickened lichenified plaques over the whole body. Some areas had normal skin while some were Blaschkoid lesions. The child had delayed milestones along with hypogonadism. Digital contracture with palmoplantar keratoderma was present. Histopathology showed characteristic vacuolar degeneration of the upper epidermis and suprabasilar keratinocytes with hyperkeratosis.

Profile of systemic sclerosis in a tertiary care center in North India.

AIM: To study the clinical and immunological profile in patients of systemic sclerosis from North India and compare it with other ethnic groups. METHODS: Patients presenting to us between the years 2001 and 2004 and fulfilling the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for systemic sclerosis were included. There were 84 females and 16 males with the mean age of 32.5 +/-11.62 years and a mean duration of 6.49 +/- 4.34 years. All patients were admitted to the dermatology ward for detailed history and examination including Rodnan score. Investigations including hemogram, hepatic and renal functions, serum electrolytes, urine for albumin, sugar, microscopy and 24h urinary protein estimation, antinuclear antibody, chest X-ray, barium swallow, pulmonary function test, electrocardiogram and skin biopsy were done. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were skin binding-down (98.5%), Raynaud's phenomenon 92.9%, pigmentary changes 91%, contracture of fingers 64.6%, fingertip ulcer 58.6%, restriction of mouth opening 55.5%, dyspnea 51.1%, joint complaints 36.7% and dysphagia in 35.2%. The mean Rodnan score was 25.81 +/- 10.04 and the mean mouth opening was 24.6 +/- 19.01 mm. The laboratory abnormalities included raised ESR in 87.8%, ANA positive in 89.1%, proteinuria in 6.0%, abnormal chest X-ray in 65.3%, abnormal barium swallow in 70.2% and reduced pulmonary function test in 85.8%. CONCLUSION: The clinical and immunological profile of systemic sclerosis in North India is similar to that of other ethnic groups except that pigmentary changes are commoner and renal involvement is relatively uncommon.

Judet quadricepsplasty for extension contracture of the knee / La cuadricepsplastia operación Judet para la contractura en extensión de la rodilla

Extension contracture of the knee is a well known complication of severe femoral fractures, especially in the supracondylar region. Traditional management by the Thompson quadricepsplasty may result in a variable return of knee flexion and the possibility of significant extension lag. The Judet technique of quadricepsplasty offers the advantages of a controlled, sequential release of the intrinsic and then the extrinsic components limiting knee flexion and a reduced potential for iatrogenic quadriceps rupture or extension lag. The modified Judet quadricepsplasty has definite advantages over the Judet technique since it usually involves less soft tissue dissection and consequently less blood loss.

La contractura en extensión de la rodilla es una complicación bien conocida de las fracturas femorales severas, sobre todo en la región supracondilar. El tratamiento tradicional mediante la cuadricepsplastia de Thompson, puede traer como resultado un retorno variable de la flexión de la rodilla y la posibilidad de un intervalo de extensión significativo. La técnica de cuadricepsplastia de Judet ofrece como ventajas un accionar secuencial y controlado de los componentes intrínsecos y extrínsecos que limitan la flexión de la rodilla, así como un potencial reducido para la ruptura de los cuadriceps iatrogénicos y el intervalo de extensión. La cuadripcepsplastia de Judet modificada tiene ventajas definidas sobre la técnica de Judet, ya que usualmente involucra menos disección de tejido blando, y por consiguiente menos pérdida de sangre.

The Effect of Selective Tibial Neurotomy and Rehabilitation in a Quadriplegic Patient with Ankle Spasticity Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Ankle spasticity following brain injury leads to abnormal posture and joint contracture; making standing or walking impossible. This study investigates the efficacy of selective tibial neurotomy (STN) and intensive rehabilitation in a patient who suffered ankle spasticity after brain injury. This case describes a 37-year-old man whose traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulted in severe right ankle spasticity and contracture. He was unable to stand due to severe right ankle spasticity and contracture. Intensive rehabilitation and STN allowed him to walk without brace at 6 months and run at 12 months after STN. STN is an effective procedure to resolve localized spasticity of the ankle and it may be considered as a management strategy after local injection to alleviate ankle spasticity and/or contracture prior to orthopaedic surgery.

A case of congenital inverse Duane's retraction syndrome

Inverse Duane's retraction syndrome is very uncommon. Congenital cases are even more unusual. A 6-year-old girl with convergent squint along with severe restriction on abduction is described. On attempted abduction, a narrowing of the palpebral fissure, upshoot and retraction of the eyeball were observed. Brain and orbit MRI demonstrated no intracranial or intraorbital mass, fracture, or entrapment of the medial rectus. Forced duction test was strongly positive. The primary lesion was found to be a tight medial rectus with shortening and soft tissue contracture. Surgical tenotomy of the medial rectus led to successful postoperative motility, but some limitation at full adduction and abduction persisted. This is a case reported with congenital medial rectus shortening, suggesting that this condition may be one of the etiologies of the rare inverse Duane's retraction syndrome.

Contratura em abduçäo no ombro do adulto, secundária a banda fibrosa do deltóide / Contracture in abduction in adult shoulder secondary to the deltoid fibrous band

São descritas múltiplas localizações de fibrose muscular após injeções, principalmente depois de uso prolongado de antiinflamatórios e antibióticos. Uma das localizações mais freqüentes rfere-se ao músculo deltóide em sua porção média. O diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito com a fibrose congênita, artrogripos localizada, paralisia cerebral, paralisia obstétrica com deformidade residual no ombro. O tratamento conservador não produz habitualmente resultados satisfatórios, enquanto o tratamento cirúrgico, através da ressecção do tecido fibrótico, leva à correção da deformidade em abdução, sem perda da força muscular. Os autores apresentam os resultados de cinco pacientes adultos, quatro do sexo feminino e um do masculino, sendo um caso bilateral, operados entre março de 1992 e julho de 1997.

Joshi External Stabilising System (JESS) in proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) contractures in leprosy.

The authors present their experience in the use of the JESS (Joshi External Stabilising System) for correction of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP joint) contracture deformity in 68 fingers. The use of the JESS has made this surgery easier, faster in releasing contractures and it has given better correction than the methods so far used by the same authors, like capsulotomy, local flaps and free skin grafting. The procedure is simple and has no serious side effects; it can be repeated if need be. The JESS is easy to apply, economical, reliable, reusable, well accepted by the patient. Compared to the other distractors made in USA and Europe, the JESS has an added advantage in that it costs so very much less (US $5-10), that our leprosy hospitals can afford it. In our patients, we have achieved full extension in 75% and good extension in 10.3% of the cases. These figures are much better than what was possible, in the past, with local flaps and free skin grafting. With those procedures we had excellent results in only 53% of the cases and poor result in 28%.

Five ears experience of post-burn contractures of the wrist and hands

This paper reviewed a series of 700 patients aged 3 to 35 years with post-burn contractures at different sites concentrating on the contractures of h and s and wrist. Early excision of the eschar and split thickness grafting were used to treat full thickness burns of the h and s [ten cases] and X-release that can be combined with split- skin grafting with an approximation of the V-shaped flaps [25 cases] to give consistently satisfactory results in one stage operation of broad contracture of the finger, but Z plasty gave satisfactory results for linear scars of fingers [ten cases]. Dynamic splintage is obligatory to avoid the recurrence of contracture in five cases of severe dorsal contracture holding all fingers and wrist in hyperextension