Estudio piloto de eficacia de imipramina en el tratamiento del síndrome de dolor vesical / Pilot study of the effectiveness of imipramine in the treatment of bladder pain syndrome

El síndrome de dolor vesical (SDV) es un cuadro que forma parte del dolor pelviano crónico (DPC), donde el origen del dolor esta en mecanismos de neuromodulación. En este sentido, los antidepresivos tricíclicos (ATC), especialmente amitriptilina, son la terapia de primera línea. Sin embargo, los efectos adversos dificultan la adherencia a la terapia. Imipramina, otro ATC, presenta menores efectos adversos, aunque su eficacia no ha sido evaluada en SDV. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de imipramina en el tratamiento de SDV en un estudio piloto. Metodología: Veinte pacientes con diagnóstico de SDV, fueron tratadas con imipramina 25 mg cada 8 horas vía oral durante 30 días. Se evaluó intensidad de dolor según EVA antes y al término del tratamiento. Además se evaluó sintomatología urinaria utilizando el cuestionario PUF. Resultados: Diecinueve pacientes completaron el tratamiento. Una paciente abandonó el tratamiento por síntomas gastrointestinales. Ocho de 19 pacientes mostraron una mejoría total del dolor al término del tratamiento. Tres pacientes más lograron una respuesta completa con 3 meses de tratamiento con imipramina. La intensidad del dolor según EVA y la puntuación en el cuestionario PUF mejoraron significativamente al término del tratamiento. Efectos secundarios a imipramina fueron referidos por 4 de 19 pacientes, y fueron menores. Conclusión: Imipramina mostró ser una terapia efectiva en el manejo de SDV, con efectos adversos menores. Se requieren estudios comparativos con mayor número de pacientes para considerar su utilidad clínica en el manejo del SDV...

Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a symptom which is part of chronic pelvic pain (CPP), where the origin of the pain is in the neuromodulation mechanisms. In this context, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), especially amitriptyline, are a first line therapy. However, adverse effects make continuing with the therapy difficult. Imipramine, another TCA, has lesser adverse effects, although its effectiveness has not been evaluated in BPS. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of imipramine in the treatment of BPS in a pilot study. Methodology: Twenty patients with a diagnosis of BPS were treated taking 25 mg of imipramine orally every 8 hours, for 30 days. The intensity of the pain following PIS was evaluated before and after the treatment. In addition, the urinary symptomatology was evaluated using the PUF questionnaire. Results: Nineteen patients completed the treatment. One patient abandoned the treatment due to gastrointestinal symptoms. Eight of the 19 patients had completely recovered at the end of the treatment. Three other patients achieved a complete recovery after 3 months of treatment with imipramine. The intensity of the pain following the PIS, and the score on the PUF questionnaire, significantly improved by the end of the treatment. Secondary effects to imipramine were referred by 4 of the 19 patients, and these were minor. Conclusion: Imipramine was shown to be an effective therapy for dealing with BPS, with minor adverse effects. Comparative studies are required with a higher number of patients to consider its clinical use in the handling of BPS...

Neonatal bladder rupture.

Neonatal bladder rupture is rare as a complication of bladder obstruction due to abnormal anatomy or iatrogenic cause such as umbilical catheterization. The present study describes the case of a 27-day old infant with ascites due to bladder perforation secondary to bladder wall necrosis as a result of severe urinary tract infection. The baby was treated aggressively with antibiotics and underwent successful surgical repair of the perforation.

O uso da toxina botulínica na síndrome da bexiga hiperativa / The use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome

Nos últimos anos, a toxina botulínica (BTX) vem surgindo como uma opção para tratamento de algumas disfunções do trato urinário, como, por exemplo, a síndrome da bexiga hiperativa. Ela foi descrita pela primeira vez por Emile Pierre Marie van Ermengem em 1897 e desde então, vem se tornando uma importante arma terapêutica. Dos sete tipos distintos de BTX, somente os tipos A e B estão disponíveis para uso clínico. Seu mecanismo de ação consiste em causar paralisia flácida ao ser injetada no músculo, inibindo a ação da acetilcolina nas junções colinérgicas pré-sinápticas. Seu efeito é transitório e dose-dependente. A bexiga hiperativa é doença comum, que atinge cerca de 17% da população européia e norteamericana. Geralmente, ela é tratada de forma conservadora, principalmente com drogas antimuscarínicas, que são as drogas de escolha. Realizamos revisão da literatura, por meio do PubMed com o objetivo de verificar as indicações desta medicação, sua posologia, técnica de aplicação, efeitos colaterais, complicações e eficácia nas pacientes portadores de bexiga hiperativa neurogênica e idiopática. Foi concluído que a BTX parece ser uma opção de tratamento segura e eficaz para estas pacientes, porém mais estudos precisam ser realizados, principalmente para os portadores de bexiga hiperativa idiopática refratária aos tratamentos convencionais.

In the past few years, botulinum toxin (BTX) is being recognized as an option for the treatment of the urinary tract dysfunctions like overactive bladder syndrome. It was first isolated by Emile Pierre Marie van Ermengem in 1897 and, since then it is becoming an important treatment option. Of the seven distinct types of the toxin, only types A and B are available for clinical use. When injected into the muscle, the toxin acts by inhibiting acetylcholine release at the presynaptic cholinergic neuromuscular junction. Its effect is transient and dose-related. The overactive bladder is a commun disease that affects about 17% of the population in Europe and in the United States. Usually, the treatment is conservative and the mainstay is anticholinergic drugs. It was reviewed the literature using PubMed with the objective of verifying the indications, posology, technique of administration, side effects, complications and efficacy in patients with neurogenic and idiopathic overativity bladder. It was concluded that BTX seems to be a treatment option, which is safe and effective for these patients, but more studies are needed especially on the idiopathic overactive bladder.

Prolonged irritative voiding symptoms due to Enterobius vermicularis bladder infestation in an adult patient

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites in the world. The urinary tract is rarely affected and few cases have been reported. We report a case of bladder infestation by mature female worms of E. vermicularis in a woman presenting with irritative voiding symptoms.

Esquistossomose mansônica simulando neoplasia da bexiga / Schistosomiasis mansoni simulating bladder neoplasia

Paciente de 36 anos de idade, proveniente de zona endêmica foi admitido com episódios de hematúria macroscópica total e disúria terminal. A citoscopia mostrou um tumor exofítico na parede anterior da bexiga, sugestivo de câncer. A biópsia revelou esquistossomose mansônica. Ressecção transuretral confirmou o diagnóstico. O paciente foi clinicamente tratado com oxamniquine, obtendo cura. O caso apresentado nesse trabalho enfatiza que nem todos os tumores de bexiga com hematúria microscópica são cânceres de bexiga.

Resiniferatoxin for detrusor instability refractory to anticholinergics

PURPOSE: We have evaluated the clinical and urodynamic effects of intravesical instillation of resiniferatoxin in patients with idiopathic detrusor instability refractory to anticholinergics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 30 women, median age 56 years old with detrusor instability for over 6 months and a history of anticholinergic use with no response or intolerable collateral effects. A 50 nM solution of resiniferatoxin was prepared for intravesical instillation. All patients were evaluated for urinary symptoms, as well as for urodynamic assessments before and 30 days after instillation. Tolerability was analyzed during the instillation. RESULTS: A clinical improvement was observed in 30 percent of the patients with urinary urgency and in 33 percent of the patients with urge-incontinence. The mean maximum cystometric capacity before application was 303.9 ± 78.9 and after application 341 ± 84.6. No significant difference was observed (p = 0.585). The mean maximum amplitude of the contractions diminished from 47.86 ± 29.64 to 38.72 ± 30.77 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Resiniferatoxin, in this concentration, proved to be useful in a small percentage of patients regarding clinical detrusor instability. Maximum amplitude of the involuntary contractions was significantly reduced and in 33 percent patients the involuntary contractions disappeared. Further studies with different concentrations are recommended.

Complicaciones en la evacuación vesical de la cirugía correctiva de la incontinencia de orina al esfuerzo / Complications in the bladder emptying caused by corrective surgey of the stress incontinence

Se estudian 52 pacientes operadas de incontinencia de orina con complicaciones obstructivas. La edad va de los 38 a los 65 años, con una media de 52. Fueron operadas con la técnica de Burch o similares 32-61, 53 porciento, Schlomo Raz 15-28, 84 porciento, Sling 4-7, 69 porciento y videolaparoscopía 1-1, 92 porciento. Todas las pacientes consultan por alteración de la evacuación vesical y el 76,92 porciento presentan infección urinaria a repetición. El tiempo desde la operación a la consulta fue de 3 meses a 2 años. Se realizaron, previo descarte de infección urinaria, estudios ecográficos, uretrocistografía, cistofibroscopía y urodinamia. Todos tenían residuo postmiccional elevado, con un mínimo de 40 ml y un máximo de 220 ml, con una media de 75 ml. Podemos dividir en 2 grupos. Uno con 32 pacientes, el 61,53 porciento, con contracciones no inhibidas de alta presión, vejigas hiperactivas, con flujo bajo y curva obstructiva, el 60 porciento de ellas tenían escape de orina en el curso de una contracción involuntaria. Otro, con 20 pacientes, el 38, 46 porciento, con vejigas hipoactivas e hipocontráctiles, con marcada dificultad para orinar. Treinta y siete pacientes fueron tratadas y controladas. A 11 se les realizó tratamiento médico, 6 con vejiga hiperactiva y 5 con vejiga hipotónica, con resultados aceptables en el 50 y 60 porciento, respectivamente. A los 26 restantes, 15 con vejigas hiperactivas y 11 hipocontráctiles, se las operó, realizando una uretrolisis y reimplantación de los tejidos periuretrales en situación más distal, con excepción del sling, que se abordaron por vía vaginal, seccionando simplemente el sling. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en el 53, 33 y 63, 63 porciento, respectivamente. En los 4 sling reapareció la incontinencia. Es importante realizar una buena valoración preoperatoria antes de indicar la terapéutica en la IOE para evitar complicaciones obstructivas, teniendo en cuenta correlacionar en forma adecuada la alteración anatómica con la funcional. Hay técnicas, como las retropúbicas y el sling, que tienden a producir más obstrucción y su indicación debe ser cuidadosa. En las vejigas hipoactivas, tener en cuenta también, la posibilidad de ejercicios y electro estimulación, previo a la indicación de cirugía.

Primary Vesical Actinomycosis: A Case Diagnosed by Multiple Transabdominal Needle Biopsies

Primary vesical actinomycosis is an extremely rare disease. In most cases it is misdiagnosed as vesical or urachal tumor and usually diagnosed through post-operative pathologic confirmation. Here we report a case of primary vesical actinomycosis confirmed by preoperative repeated multiple transabdominal biopsies. The patient was a 49-yr-old woman who presented with frequency, dysuria, and intermittent gross hematuria for 2 months. Computed tomography and cystoscopic examination showed broad-based, edematous, and protruding mass at the dome and anterior portion of the bladder. The clinical and imaging findings of the patient initially suggested vesical malignancy. Transurethral resection and multiple biopsies of the mass were performed. Pathologic examination demonstrated fibrosis with chronic inflammation. We performed repeated transabdominal multiple needle biopsies for further pathologic confirmation. Histopathologic examination demonstrated typical sulfur granules, which were consistent with actinomycosis.

The plants of the genus Phyllanthus as a potential source of new drugs

The plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) comprise about 550 to 750 species which are widely distributed in most tropical and subtropical countries. About 200 species are believed to occur in the Americas, mainly in the Caribbean and Brazil. The plants of the genus Phyllanthus have long been used in folk medicine to treat, among others, kidney and urinary bladder disorders, intestinal infections, diabetes and hepatitis B. In recent years, substantial progress in chemical and pharmacological studies, and a few clinical studies of some Phyllanthus species, were made. This review discusses the current knowledge gained by the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and biochemical studies performed with the extracts and the main active constituents isolated from different species of plants of the genus Phyllanthus. Data available in the literature strongly support the idea that the extract and some constituents isolated from these plants, including flavanoids, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, lignans and terpenes, account for their reported antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antispasmodic and antiallergic properties. In addition, some of these compounds were found to interact with most key enzymes, such as aldose reductase, angiotensin converting enzyme, mitochondrial ATPase, both cyclo- and lipooxygenases, phospholipase A2, tyrosine kinase, reverse transcriptase, and phosphodiesterases. The complex mechanism of action of such compounds could explain, at least in part, the wide therapeutic use of the plants of the genus Phyllanthus in folk medicine. Thus, the plants of the genus Phyllanthus present potential therapeutic interest as a source of new drugs.

Tratamiento de la vejiga hipertónica e hiperactiva en la infancia con sulfato de N-metil hioscina / Treatment of hyperreflexive and hypertonic bladder in children with N-methylhioscine sulfate

Se presentan 21 niños con vejiga hiperactiva y 9 con vejiga hipertónica que consultaron por enuresis, incontinencia o encopresis en forma aislada o asociada y que recibieron durante 90 días tratamiento con sulfato de N-Metil Hioscina. Todos aquellos pacientes que presentaban infección urinaria recurrente se trataron durante todo el estudio con Nitrofurantoína 2mg. x kg/día. En todos se efectuó registro urodinámico al inicio y al término del tratamiento farmacológico. El estudio clínico se prolongó durante 90 días de suspendido el tratamiento. Se comprobó un aumento no significativo (P > 0.005) en la capacidade vesical y en el residuo promedio, una menor amplitud del segmento de reflexia y desaparición o disminución de las contracciones no inhibidas en las vejigas hiperactivas, al término de la terapia. Se observó una respuesta clínica satidfactoria en los pacientes con vejigas hiperactivas independientes del registro urodinámico al término del tratamiento sobre incontinencia, enuresis y encompresis, resultado que se prolongó hasta los 90 días de seguimiento. En los pacientes con vejiga hipertónica, la respuesta clínica fue satisfactoria sobre la enuresis. Esta respuesta se matuvo durante todo el tiempo de observación. No se apreció efectos colaterales indeseables por acción del medicamento

Pharmacotherapeutics of prostaglandin-E2 and 15 [S] 15-methyl prostaglandin-F2a in chronic schistosomal bladder ulcer: 1- Morpho-cytochemical study

The effects of prostaglandin E[2] [PGE[2]] and 15 [S] 15 methyl-PGE[2 alpha] given by different routes of administration, on some urinary bladder enzymes: alkaline and acid phosphatase, alpha esterase, and succinic dehydrogenase were studied in man. Following urinary bladder irrigation in the normal controls with normal saline no change in the enzymes was noted, but a significant increase in all enzyme activities was found with prostaglandins. In the chronic schistosomal bladder ulcer patients, the already diminished levels of these enzymes showed a significant increase when treated with both types of prostaglandins. Antischistosomal therapy produced no significant changes. These data indicated a potential role for PGs in the treatment of schistosomal bladder ulcer