Isolation of emetine resistant clones of Entamoeba histolytica by petri dish agar method.

Emetine resistant clones of Entamoeba histolytica strain HM1:IMSS were isolated by using petri dish agar method after mutation with ethyl-methanesulphonate. Two emetine resistant clones were obtained and both were resistant to emetine at a concentration of 24 micrograms/ml of emetine. The 50 per cent inhibitory concentration (IC50) for both emetine sensitive and resistant clones was 5 and 14 micrograms/ml respectively. The colony forming efficiency of E. histolytica strain HM1:IMSS varied from 44 to 54 per cent. This method is useful for isolating clones from different strains of the parasite for molecular and immunological studies.

Correlation of phospholipid loss in goat whole blood with solvochromic properties of antiamebics like emetine, metronidazole and diloxanide furoate.

Phospholipid content of whole blood lipid decreases significantly when goat blood is incubated for different length of time with different amebicidal agents (e.g., emetine, metronidazole and diloxanide furoate). The plots of relative per cent phosphate loss against incubation period show biphasic nature and suggest that the rates of phospholipid loss bears some relation with the drug's lipophilicity (log P in 1 octanol/water system). The absolute phospholipid loss seems to be governed by the drug's aquasolubility. Implication of these finding were discussed in terms of their clinical profiles assuming that the loss of phospholipid is due to drug's binding with the phospholipid layer in amebic cyst-coat, being the first step which may trigger a chain of events leading to the onset of drug action.

In vitro studies on the sensitivity of local Entamoeba histolytica to anti-amoebic drugs.

The in vitro activity of drugs, namely dehydroemetine, ornidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole were determined against the locally isolated strains of E. histolytica in Thailand. The test was performed in liquid monophasic medium, i.e. liver marmite serum medium. In all, locally isolated strains from thirty hosts studied, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for dehydroemetine ranged from 0.125 to 1 microgram/ml, ornidazole ranged from 0.0625 to 0.25 microgram/ml, metronidazole ranged from 0.0625 to 0.125 microgram/ml, and tinidazole ranged from 0.0625 microgram/ml to 0.25 microgram/ml. The MIC of dehydroemetine was significantly different from ornidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole. Metronidazole was superior to that of dehydroemetine but was not significantly different among ornidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole.

Ultraestructura de quistes de Entamoeba invadens obtenidos bajo el efecto de emetina, tinidazol y rifampicina / Ultraestructure of entamoeba invadens cysts obtained under the effect of emetine, tinidazole and rifampin

Se determinaron las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM) de emetina, tinidazol y rifampicina para trofozoítos de E. invadens, así como la ultraestructura de quistes obtenidos después de 22 y 45 horas, en presencia de la CIM de los fármacos. Bajo el efecto de tinidazol o de rifampicina los quistes obtenidos mostraron numerosas vacuolas que contenían elementos membranosos y vesículas llenas de material amorfo electrodenso; algunas de éstas se observaron en las proximidades de la membrana plasmática. En los quistes obtenidos en presencia de emetina, el citoplasma presentó numerosas vesículas y cisternas aplanadas particularmente después de 22 horas de incubación en médio de enquistamiento, las que disminuyeron después de 45 horas de diferenciación; se observaron además vasículas con material electrodenso próximas a la membrana plasmática. Las paredes celulares de los quistes obtenido bajo el efecto de los fármacos mencionados fueron irregulares tanto en el arreglo fibrilar como en el espesor; adicionalmente, bajo los efectos de tinidazol y emetina las paredes de los quistes se perdieron parcial o totalmente, observándose acúmlos de éstas entre los quistes. Los resultados sugieren que la CIM de los fármacos empleados provocaron un retardo en el proceso de difereciación de E. invadens y, posiblemente, interfieran con el ensamble de la pared celular y con la adherencia de ésta a la membrana plasmática durante el enquistamiento