Sensibilidad a nitrofurantoína en el uropatógeno intrahospitalario E. Coli procedente de pacientes gerontes hospitalizados / Snsitivity to nitrofurantoin of urocultures from hospitalized gerontes with E. Coli from urinary tract infections

En la presente investigación se determinó la sensibilidad a nitrofurantoína (NTF) mediante un análisis observacional retrospectivo de informes de antibiogramas, por disco de difusión, de urocultivos provenientes de gerontes hospitalizados. En la serie observada (N=90) el desarrollo más frecuente fue E. Coli que presentó una sensibilidad a NTF de 100%. Al considerar la sensibilidad total (es decir de todos las bacterias uropatógenas Gram negativas, (BGN) la resistencia para NTF fue de 26%. Se debate además sus limitaciones médicas y algunos de los potenciales usos de NTF en pacientes hospitalizados

In the present investigation, sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (NTF) was determined through a retrospective observations analysis of reports of antibiograms, by diffusion disc, of urocultures from hospitalized gerontes. In the series observed (N=90), the most frequent development was E. coli, which showed a sensitivity to NTF of 100%. When considering the total sensitivity (ie of all Gram-negative uropathogenic bacteria, BGN) the resistance for NTF was 26%. It also discusses its medical limitations and some of the potential uses of NTF in hospitalized patients

Steroidogenesis-related gene expression in the rat ovary exposed to melatonin supplementation

OBJECTIVE: To analyze steroidogenesis-related gene expression in the rat ovary exposed to melatonin supplementation. METHODS: Thirty-two virgin adult female rats were randomized to two groups as follows: the control group GI received vehicle and the experimental group GII received melatonin supplementation (10 µg/night per animal) for 60 consecutive days. After the treatment, animals were anesthetized and the collected ovaries were immediately placed in liquid nitrogen for complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray analyses. A GeneChip¯ Kit Rat Genome 230 2.0 Affymetrix Array was used for gene analysis and the experiment was repeated three times for each group. The results were normalized with the GeneChip¯ Operating Software program and confirmed through analysis with the secondary deoxyribonucleic acid-Chip Analyzer (dChip) software. The data were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Genes related to ovarian function were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We found the upregulation of the type 9 adenylate cyclase and inhibin beta B genes and the downregulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element modulator and cytochrome P450 family 17a1 genes in the ovarian tissue of GII compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that melatonin supplementation decreases gene expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which changes ovarian steroidogenesis. .

Prevalence of papC and usp Virulence Factors in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Causing Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections in Adolescents.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of two virulence genes associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli; papC gene of the P fimbriae for adherence to uro-epithelial cells and usp (uropathogen-specific protein) gene, a Vibrio cholerae toxin gene homologue. Study Design: Cross sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology and the Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, between October 2011 and February 2012. Methodology: Escherichia coli isolates (n= 149) from an adolescent population of ages 13- 18 years (from a total sampled population of 85 males and 64 females) were screened for papC and usp, using specific primers for the two genes in polymerase chain reactions. Results: The usp gene was the most prevalent (72.48%), followed by papC (51.00%) and papC+usp (24.16%). Significant difference (P = .002) was observed between papC and usp and also papC and papC+usp (P < .0001). usp Gene prevalence was also significantly different from that of papC+usp (P < .0001). Conclusion: This study suggests that a higher proportion of strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli implicated in UTI in the studied population possess the usp gene whose protein product potentially serves to reduce competing microbes in the urinary tract.

Pathogenomics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Subset of faecal E. coli that can enter, colonize urinary tract and cause infection are known as uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). UPEC strains act as opportunistic intracellular pathogens taking advantage of host susceptibility using a diverse array of virulence factors. Presence of specific virulence associated genes on genomic/pathogenicity islands and involvement of horizontal gene transfer appears to account for evolution and diversity of UPEC. Recent success in large-scale genome sequencing and comparative genomics has helped in unravelling UPEC pathogenomics. Here we review recent findings regarding virulence characteristics of UPEC and mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of urinary tract infection.

The ferric aerobactin receptor IutA, a protein isolated on agarose column, is not essential for uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection / O receptor de aerobactina IutA, uma proteína isolada em coluna de agarose, não é essencial para a infecção por Escherichia coli uropatogênica / El receptor de aerobactina IutA, una proteína aislada en columna de agarosa, no es esencial para la infección por Escherichia coli uropatógena

Although many proteins have been described involved in Escherichia coli colonization and infection, only few reports have shown lectins as important components in these processes. Because the mechanisms underlying E. coli colonization process involving lectins are not fully understood, we sought to identify the presence of other non-described lectins in E. coli. Here, we isolated a 75-kDa protein from E. coli on Sepharose column and identified it as ferric aerobactin receptor (IutA). Since IutA is controversially associated with virulence of some E. coli strains, mainly in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), we evaluated the presence of iutA gene in UPEC isolated from patients with urinary infection. This gene was present in only 38% of the isolates, suggesting a weak association with virulence. Because there is a redundancy in the siderophore-mediated uptake systems, we suggest that IutA can be advantageous but not essential for UPEC.

Apenas alguns relatos na literatura demonstram que lectinas são importantes nos processos de colonização e infecção por Escherichia coli. A falta de compreensão clara dos mecanismos envolvendo lectinas, no processo de colonização por E. coli, motivou a realização deste estudo para se identificar a presença de outras lectinas não descritas em E. coli. Neste trabalho, isolou-se uma proteína de 75kDa de E. coli em coluna de Sepharose, correspondente ao receptor de aerobactina férrica (IutA). A associação de IutA com virulência de cepas de E. coli é controversa, principalmente em E. coli uropatogênica (UPEC), o que levou a se avaliar a presença do gene iutA em UPECs isoladas de pacientes com infecção urinária. O gene estava presente em 38% dos isolados, sugerindo fraca associação com virulência. Devido à existência de redundância nos sistemas de captura de ferro, sugere-se, aqui, que IutA possa ser vantajosa, mas não essencial para UPEC.

La falta de una clara comprensión de los mecanismos de participación de las lectinas en el proceso de colonización por Escherichia coli, nos motivó a identificar la presencia de otras lectinas que no han sido descritas en E. coli. En este estudio, se aisló una proteína de 75kDa de E. coli en una columna de Sepharosa, correspondiente al receptor de aerobactina (IutA). La asociación de IutA con cepas virulentas de E coli es controvertido, especialmente en E. coli uropatógena (UPEC), lo que nos llevó a evaluar la presencia del gen iutA en UPECs aisladas de pacientes con infección urinaria. El gen estaba presente en 38% de los aislamientos, lo que sugiere una débil asociación con la virulencia. Debido a la existencia de redundancia en los sistemas de captura de hierro, se sugiere que IutA puede ser una ventaja, sin embargo no es esencial para la UPEC.

Effect of some antimicrobial agents on isolated bacteria from patients with urinary tract infection in Kurdistan Region

Urinary tract infection [UTI] defines as a condition in which the urinary tract is infected with a pathogen causing inflammation. UTI affects all age groups, but women are more susceptible than men, it is the second most common form of infection. This study was designed to isolation and identification of common uropathogenic bacteria and determining the sensitivity of infectious urinary isolated strains to different antimicrobial agents. This study included 350 patients [125 males and 225 females] with sign and symptoms of UTI, who were referred to the teaching hospital in Erbil and sulaimania cities, from march till may 2007. Also, 25 healthy individuals were included in the study as a control group. API tests and several biochemical tests were used for identification different isolated bacteria from UT. The bacterial cultivations revealed positive results for 119 [34%] urine specimens, 56 [47.05%] in males and 63 [52.94%] in females compared to control group [0%]. The highest percentage of infection was observed in females in age group [20-39] years [44.44%]. The highest rate of uropathogenic isolates was e. Coli 53 [41.08%] followed by s. Aureus, proteus sp., klebsiella sp., enterobacter sp., and pseudomonas sp. 23[17.82%], 23[17.82%], 11[8.52], 10[7.75] and 9[6.97] respectively. The uropathogenic bacterial isolates showed different susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, ciprofloxacine was the most efficient to inhibit UTI. Incidence of UTIs in females is more than in males with a higher rate in the 20-39 years age group. E. Coli was the commonest pathogenic bacteria isolated from urinary tract