Effect of Er:YAG laser combined with ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid on three-walled periodontal intrabony defects adjacent to implant sites / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical effect of Er:YAG laser combined with ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) on three-walled periodontal intrabony defects adjacent to implant sites.@*METHODS@#A total of 30 patients with three-walled periodontal intrabony defects adjacent to implant sites were treated with the combination therapy. Patients with three-walled intrabony defects were divided into two groups according to the depth of the intrabony pocket between the implant and natural teeth. Evaluation of wound healing was performed 10 days after the operation, and bone augmentation was evaluated 6 months after the operation.@*RESULTS@#Primary healing in group 1 was 92.31%, primary healing in group 2 was 82.35%. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The effect of bone augmentation with combination therapy was more ideal in group 2 than in group 1. Implant placement with combination therapy may be a viable technique to reconstruct three-walled intrabony defects due to the space maintenance provided by implants and bone grafts and the good root surface biocompatibility provided by the Er:YAG laser and EDTA.

Efecto del EDTAC y del ácido cítrico sobre la pared dentinaria. Variación del tiempo de exposición y la edad dentaria / Effect of EDTAC and citric acid on dentinal walls. Variation of exposure time and dental age

The aim of this study was to find a formula and application time for chelators effective in cleaning the root canal without causing erosion and considering dental age. The sample included 120 teeth: 60 taken from young patients and 60 from adult patients. They were instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Each subgroup was divided randomly into six groups: 4 groups of 12 teeth and 2 control groups of 6 teeth. In the final irrigation, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plus Cetavlón (EDTAC) or 10% citric acid was applied for 1 or 3 minutes according to each group. The results showed a high level of cleanliness, and a few showed erosion of the dentinal tubules. Satisfactory results were obtained in the removal of the smear layer when applying EDTAC or citric acid combined with NaOCl. Erosion was present in different degrees regardless of dental age, but it was indeed affected by the irrigant exposure time.

O objetivo deste estudo foi obter uma fórmula e um tempo de aplicação dos quelantes efetivos que permitam a limpeza das paredes do canal sem causar erosões, levando em consideração a idade dental. A amostra foi composta por 120 dentes, 60 de pacientes jovens e 60 de pacientes adultos, foram instrumentados e irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) a 2,5%. Cada subgrupo foi dividido aleatoriamente em 6 grupos: 4 grupos de 12 dentes e 2 grupos de controle com 6 dentes cada um. Na irrigação final, ácido etilenodiaminotetracético com Cetavlón (EDTAC) 17% ou ácido cítrico 10% foi aplicado por 1 ou 3 minutos, dependendo do grupo. Os resultados mostraram um bom nível de limpeza com algumas amostras com erosão dos túbulos dentinários. Com EDTAC ou ácido cítrico combinado com NaOCl, resultados satisfatórios foram obtidos na remoção da camada de esfregaço . A erosão esteve presente em seus diferentes graus independentemente da idade dentária, mas não do tempo de exposição do irrigante.

Influence of a hydrophobic monomer on the physical and mechanical properties of experimental surface sealants

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of adding the hydrophobic monomer 1,12 dodecanediol dimethacrylate (DDDMA) to experimental sealants with and without thermocycling on degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), water solubility (WSB), color stability (ΔE), and micro-shear bond strength (μSBS). Five experimental and one commercially available sealant (Bisco - BIS) were tested. The experimental sealants were formulated by mixing different percentages of DDDMA monomers and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). The photoinitiator system was composed by camphorquinone (CQ) and tertiary amine 4-ethyl benzoate dimetilamiono (EDBA). Ethanol was used as a solvent. The experimental groups were named sequentially according to the monomeric content (DDDMA/UDMA): S40/40 (40/40), S50/30 (50/30), S60/20 (60/20), S70/10 (70/10) and S80/0 (80/0). Data were analyzed separately by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). The values of DC ranged from 94.59% (S40/40) to 54.02% (S80/10). BIS showed the highest WS value (p<0.05) and S40/40, S50/30, S60/20 and S80/0 showed the lowest WS values of all tested sealants. WSB values ranged from 7.88 µg/mm3 (BIS) to 13.27 µg/mm3 (S70/10). The highest ΔE value was 11.05±2.88 for BIS and the highest μSBS value was found for S60/20. No significant difference was observed in bond strength between sealants and bovine enamel after thermocycling. Adding DDDMA to the composition of surface sealants can improve its performance, once the monomer increased the degree of conversion and the color stability.

Injurious effect of zinc deficiency on cardiomyocytes / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of zinc deficiency on cardiomyocyte survival and the underlying mechanisms. Simulated zinc deficiency model was developed in H9c2 cardiac cells with zinc chelator N, N, N', N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN). MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Morphological changes of the cells were observed by optical microscope. Lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of the cells were determined with LDH assay kit. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) was measured with confocal microscope using JC-1 dye. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by DCFH-DA staining. PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK), SNAP, which can activate ERK, and the ROS scavenger, MPG, were respectively used to investigate mechanism of signal transduction. The phosphorylation of ERK was detected by Western blot. The results showed that TPEN significantly induced the cell morphological damage and the loss of ΔΨ, increased LDH leakage, and promoted ROS generation. In the H9c2 cells, TPEN significantly inhibited ERK phosphorylation and decreased cell viability, which was potentiated by PD98059, whereas both SNAP and MPG reversed the inhibitory effects of TPEN. These data suggest that zinc deficiency leads to the injury in H9c2 cardiac cells through down-regulating ERK pathway. Increased intracellular ROS may account for the effect of zinc deficiency.

Does Maintaining a Bottle of Adhesive Without the Lid Significantly Reduce the Solvent Content?

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maintaining a bottle of adhesive without its lid on the solvent loss of the etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Three 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesives with different solvents (acetone, ethanol or butanol) were used in this study. Drops of each adhesive were placed on an analytical balance and the adhesive mass was recorded until equilibrium was achieved (no significant mass alteration within time). The solvent content of each adhesive and evaporation rate of solvents were measured (n=3). Two bottles of each adhesive were weighted. The bottles were maintained without their lids for 8 h in a stove at 37 ºC, after which the mass loss was measured. Based on mass alteration of drops, acetone-based adhesive showed the highest solvent content (46.5%, CI 95%: 35.8-54.7) and evaporation rate (1.11 %/s, CI95%: 0.63-1.60), whereas ethanol-based adhesive had the lowest values (10.1%, CI95%: 4.3-16.0; 0.03 %/s CI95%: 0.01-0.05). However, none of the adhesives bottles exhibited significant mass loss after sitting for 8 h without their lids (% from initial content; acetone - 96.5, CI 95%: 91.8-101.5; ethanol - 99.4, CI 95%: 98.4-100.4; and butanol - 99.3, CI 95%: 98.1-100.5). In conclusion, maintaining the adhesive bottle without lid did not induce significant solvent loss, irrespective the concentration and evaporation rate of solvent.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito da manutenção do frasco do adesivo sem sua tampa na perda de solvente de sistemas adesivos convencionais. Três adesivos convencionais de 2 passos com diferentes solventes (acetona, etanol ou butanol) foram usados neste estudo. Gotas de cada adesivo foram colocadas em uma balança analítica e a massa dos adesivos foi registrada até a obtenção do equilíbrio (nenhuma alteração significativa com o tempo). O conteúdo de solvente de cada adesivo e a taxa de evaporação dos solventes foram mensurados (n=3). Dois frascos de cada adesivo foram pesados. Os frascos foram mantidos sem suas tampas por 8 h em uma estufa a 37 ºC, seguido pela mensuração da pera de massa. Baseado na alteração de massa das gotas, o adesivo a base de acetona demonstrou o maior conteúdo de solvente (46,5%, IC 95%: 35,8-54,7) e de taxa de evaporação (1,11 %/s, IC95%: 0,63-1,60), enquanto que o adesivo à base de etanol teve os menores valores (10,1%, IC95%: 4,3-16,0; 0,03 %/s IC95%: 0,01-0,05). Entretanto, nenhum dos frascos dos adesivos exibiu perda significante de massa após ficar por 8 h sem suas tampas (% do conteúdo inicial; acetona - 96,5, IC95%: 91,8-101,5; etanol - 99,4, IC95%: 98,4-100,4; e butanol - 99,3, IC95%: 98,1-100,5). Em conclusão, a manutenção do frasco do adesivo sem tampa não induziu perda significante de solvente independente da concentração e da taxa de evaporação do solvente.

Prevention of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats by two manganese-salen complexes

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH], a progressive stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], is characterized by steatosis with inflammation. Investigations have suggested that oxidative stress may play an important role in the progress of NAFLD to NASH. To provide further insights into beneficial effects of antioxidants in NASH prevention, we employed two manganese-superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics, manganese N,N-bis[salicyldene] ethylene diamine chloride [EUK-8] and manganese-3-methoxy N,N-bis[salicyldene] ethylenediamine chloride [EUK-134], as two salen representatives and vitamin C as the standard antioxidant Experimental NASH was induced in Male N-Mary rats by feeding a methionine/choline-deficient [MCD] diet to rats for 10 weeks. The rats [n = 5, 30 mg/kg/day] were randomly assigned to receive vitamin C, EUK-8, EUK-134 or vehicle orally Administration of salens together with the MCD diet reduced the serum aminotransferases, glutathione transferase and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and LDL contents. In addition, the EUK-8 and EUK-134 improved NASH pathological features in liver of MCD-fed rats. EUK-8 and EUK-134 supplementation reduces NASH-induced abnormalities, pointing out that antioxidant strategy could be beneficial for prevention of NASH

Prophylactic Antibiotics Therapy after Splenectomy / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Patients who are born without spleen or who have impaired splenic function due to disease or splenectomy become vulnerable to sepsis caused by bacteria. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) occurs at an estimated incidence of 0.23-0.42% per year with a lifetime risk of 5%. The risk of OPSI with encapsulated bacteria is generally considered greatest in the first 2 years after splenectomy but the increased risk remains lifelong. Because vaccination doesn't completely protect against infection with encapsulated bacteria that prevent OPSI, use of prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for prevention of infection after splenectomy. METHODS: A retrospective review of 41 patients who underwent splenectomy from January 1990 to December 2012 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital were identified through the medical records. RESULTS: Of 41 patients, 100% (41/41) were vaccinated in pneumococcal vaccines, 27% (11/41) were vaccinated in HIB vaccines. Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin G benzathine IM every 4 weeks) were prescribed in 73% (30/41) of patients. We could not find any septic events. CONCLUSION: Because of the high mortality, the fulminant course, and the refractoriness to common treatment of overwhelming infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, prevention through vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis is the basis of the management of patients who have had splenectomy or have hyposplenism. Prophylactic antibiotics using Penicillin G benzathine every 4 weeks is effective for preventing septic events in splenectomized patients. But further improvement in coverage of recommended vaccines and continuous prophylactic antibiotics after splenectomy is needed to reduce the risk of serious infection.

Prophylactic Antibiotics Therapy after Splenectomy / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Patients who are born without spleen or who have impaired splenic function due to disease or splenectomy become vulnerable to sepsis caused by bacteria. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) occurs at an estimated incidence of 0.23-0.42% per year with a lifetime risk of 5%. The risk of OPSI with encapsulated bacteria is generally considered greatest in the first 2 years after splenectomy but the increased risk remains lifelong. Because vaccination doesn't completely protect against infection with encapsulated bacteria that prevent OPSI, use of prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for prevention of infection after splenectomy. METHODS: A retrospective review of 41 patients who underwent splenectomy from January 1990 to December 2012 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital were identified through the medical records. RESULTS: Of 41 patients, 100% (41/41) were vaccinated in pneumococcal vaccines, 27% (11/41) were vaccinated in HIB vaccines. Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin G benzathine IM every 4 weeks) were prescribed in 73% (30/41) of patients. We could not find any septic events. CONCLUSION: Because of the high mortality, the fulminant course, and the refractoriness to common treatment of overwhelming infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, prevention through vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis is the basis of the management of patients who have had splenectomy or have hyposplenism. Prophylactic antibiotics using Penicillin G benzathine every 4 weeks is effective for preventing septic events in splenectomized patients. But further improvement in coverage of recommended vaccines and continuous prophylactic antibiotics after splenectomy is needed to reduce the risk of serious infection.

Prophylactic Antibiotics Therapy after Splenectomy / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Patients who are born without spleen or who have impaired splenic function due to disease or splenectomy become vulnerable to sepsis caused by bacteria. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) occurs at an estimated incidence of 0.23-0.42% per year with a lifetime risk of 5%. The risk of OPSI with encapsulated bacteria is generally considered greatest in the first 2 years after splenectomy but the increased risk remains lifelong. Because vaccination doesn't completely protect against infection with encapsulated bacteria that prevent OPSI, use of prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for prevention of infection after splenectomy.METHODS: A retrospective review of 41 patients who underwent splenectomy from January 1990 to December 2012 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital were identified through the medical records.RESULTS: Of 41 patients, 100% (41/41) were vaccinated in pneumococcal vaccines, 27% (11/41) were vaccinated in HIB vaccines. Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin G benzathine IM every 4 weeks) were prescribed in 73% (30/41) of patients. We could not find any septic events.CONCLUSION: Because of the high mortality, the fulminant course, and the refractoriness to common treatment of overwhelming infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, prevention through vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis is the basis of the management of patients who have had splenectomy or have hyposplenism. Prophylactic antibiotics using Penicillin G benzathine every 4 weeks is effective for preventing septic events in splenectomized patients. But further improvement in coverage of recommended vaccines and continuous prophylactic antibiotics after splenectomy is needed to reduce the risk of serious infection.

A Case of Syphilid with Nail Dystrophy / 대한피부과학회지

Syphilis, the "great imitator" of skin diseases, is a chronic systemic infectious disease with a waxing and waning course. Clinical manifestations of syphilis are variable in appearance and have been described for centuries. Especially, secondary syphilis is characterized by large diversity of presentation. They include macular, papular, papulosquamous, syphilis cornee, psoriasiform, annular en cockade, nodular, condylomata lata, malignant syphilis, mucosal lesions, loss of the hairs, and alteration of the nails. Nail involvement of syphilis includes changes on nail plate (syphilitic onychia) or periungual tissue (syphilitic paronychia). A 20-year-old man was presented with multiple erythematous broad eroded surfaced papules and macules on the scrotum and scaly exfoliated patch with erythematous swelling on the right thumb with onychodystrophy and mild tenderness on the nail. Serological screening for syphilis showed increased titer for VDRL (1:16) and TPHA (+). After intramuscular treatments with benzathine penicillin G, the skin lesions on the scrotum cleared within 1 month and the nail dystrophy showed slight improvement.

Syphilid Showing a Histological Pattern of Granulomatous Inflammation / 대한피부과학회지

Syphilid represents a great variety of clinical and histological patterns. As such, sometimes it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis from other skin diseases. The histopathologic findings of syphilid are different, according to the clinical types; macular, maculopapular, papulosquamous, and nodular type. Characteristically, there is a marked perivascular infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes with endothelial cell swelling in the dermis. Herein, we report a case of syphilid showing the unusual histological pattern of granulomatous inflammation. A 45-year-old male presented with erythematous papules on the scalp, trunk, arms and inguinal area for 2 months. The biopsy specimen showed a chronic granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells in the dermis. Serologic test for syphilis showed a strong positive, and the patient was diagnosed with secondary syphilis. He was treated with benzathine penicillin G and the skin lesions have successfully disappeared.

Comparison of thris-EDTA and threhalose on DNA quality under different storage conditions "medico-legal view"

DNA storage is important to ensure integrity of DNA sample and maintain its availability while investigations. The best known condition for storage of DNA samples is by using Tris-EDT [TE]; as preservative agent, stored at -80[degree sign]C. A potential alternative to TE is trehalose which could stabilize any biological molecule at room temperature [RT]. Assessment of the optimal storage conditions which maintains quality of blood DNA samples with economical advantage. A case-control study using 8 groups of human blood DNA stored at 2 different temperatures [-80 [degree sign]C,RT] and preserved by using TE and trehalose. The effectiveness of storage conditions were tested at certain intervals [at set-up then after 3 and 6 month] using PCR assay of 18s ribosomal gene to evaluate DNA quality. DNA was assessed by running yield gels. PCR success rate were 43.8% and 62.8% using TE and trehalose respectively. After 6 months, PCR success rate were 25% for TE and 62.5% for trehalose [p<0.05]. The relative risk [RR] of poor quality associated with using trehalose is 0.4. Trehalose serves as an alternative to expensive freezer storage. It has a DNA protective effect which helps in preservation even trace DNA while judicial proceedings continue

GLP-1 Can Protect Proinflammatory Cytokines Induced Beta Cell Apoptosis through the Ubiquitination

BACKGROUND: Proinflammatory cytokines are one of the causes of diabetes mellitus. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which proinflammatory cytokines induce beta-cell death remains to be clearly elucidated. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) affects the stimulation of insulin secretion and the preservation of beta-cells. Additionally, it may exert an antiapoptotic effect on beta cells; however, the mechanism underlying this effect has yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of GLP-1 in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated beta-cell apoptosis using proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS: To induce ER stress, hamster insulin-secreting tumor (HIT)-T15 cells were treated using a mixture of cytokines. Apoptosis was evaluated via MTT assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, and annexin/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ER stress-related molecules were determined via PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Nitric oxide was measured with Griess reagent. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein were analyzed via real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. iNOS protein degradation was evaluated via immunoprecipitation. We pretreated HIT-T15 cells with exendin (Ex)-4 for 1 hour prior to the induction of stress. RESULTS: We determined that Ex-4 exerted a protective effect through nitric oxide and the modulation of ER stress-related molecules (glucose-regulated protein [GRP]78, GRP94, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein [CHOP]) and that Ex-4 stimulates iNOS protein degradation via the ubiquitination pathway. Additionally, Ex-4 also induced the recovery of insulin2 mRNA expression in beta cells. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that GLP-1 may protect beta cells against apoptosis through the ubiquitination pathway.

Malignant Syphilis in an Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patient / 대한피부과학회지

Malignant syphilis (also known as lues maligna) is a rare dermatologic manifestation of syphilis and this is more commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A 40-year-old man presented with general malaise and widespread cutaneous noduloulcerative lesions covered with lamellar crusts for 15 days. He had been diagnosed with HIV infection 6 years earlier, but had not regularly taken antiretroviral drugs. The syphilis serology showed a VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory) titer of 1 : 256 and a positive TPPA (treponema pallidum particle agglutination test) at presentation. Histologic exam showed the dense perivascular inflammatory infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, histiocysts and neurophils with some plasma cells in the underlying upper and reticular dermis. Obliterated blood vessels with eosinophilic materials were observed as an unusual histologic feature of syphilis. Based on the clinical, histological and serological findings, a diagnosis of malignant syphilis accompanied by acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was made. The patient was treated with intramuscular benzathine penicillin G at 2.4 million units per week for 3 weeks, and the skin lesions completely healed with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. It is necessary to take into account this entity among the possible diagnoses in HIV-infected patients with cutaneous noduloulcerative lesions.

Treatment of Neurosyphilis with Ceftriaxone in a Patient Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / 감염과화학요법

The optimal and alternative antimicrobial regimens to treat neurosyphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients remain controversial. Little is known concerning the efficacy of ceftriaxone. A 75-year-old heterosexual man visited an outpatient clinic due to incidentally detected positive serum Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed tests in routine preoperative checkup. Because of benzathine penicillin was unavailable to use, 4-week regimen with doxycycline was started. After 2 weeks doxycycline treatment, a severe headache suddenly occurred. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed mild lymphocyte-dominant pleocytosis, increased protein, and weakly reactive VDRL test. ELISA for HIV antibody and Western blot assay revealed he is infected with HIV. Initial CD4+ T cell count was 220/mm3 and the load of HIV RNA was 5,200 copies/mL. The most probable diagnosis was deemed to be neurosyphilis, considering the possibilities of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction or doxycycline-induced pseudotumor cerebri. In the absence of procaine penicillin G in our hospital, intravenous ceftriaxone was administered and highly active antiretroviral therapy was started. After 14days of treatment, the patient no longer had a headache and the CSF profile was improved. Additional follow-up CSF analysis was done 3months after treatment. CSF pleocytosis and protein level were decreased and the CSF VDRL was converted to negative. Ceftriaxone may be a good alternative in the treatment of neurosyphilis in HIV infected patient.

Exhaled breath condensate collection for nitrite dosage: a safe and low cost adaptation / Coleta do condensado do ar exalado pulmonar para a dosagem de nitrito: Uma adaptação segura e barata

Purpose: Standardization of a simple and low cost technique of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection to measure nitrite. Methods: Two devices were mounted in polystyrene boxes filled either with crushed ice/salt crystals or dry ice/crushed ice. Blood samples were stored at -70º C for posterior nitrite dosages by chemiluminescence and the Griess reaction. Results: a) The use of crushed ice/dry ice or salt revealed sufficient EBC room air collection, but was not efficient for patients under ventilation support; b) the method using crushed ice/salt collected greater EBC volumes, but the nitrite concentrations were not proportional to the volume collected; c) The EBC nitrite values were higher in the surgical group using both methods; d) In the surgical group the nasal clip use diminished the EBC nitrite concentrations in both methods. Conclusions: The exhaled breath condensate (EBC) methodology collection was efficient on room air breathing. Either cooling methods provided successful EBC collections showing that it is possible to diminish costs, and, amongst the two used methods, the one using crushed ice/salt crystals revealed better efficiency compared to the dry ice method.

Objetivo: Padronizar técnica simples e barata de coleta do condensado do ar exalado pulmonar (CEP) para medir nitrito. Métodos: Dois dispositivos foram montados em caixas de isopor e preenchidos com gelo picado/sal grosso ou gelo picado/gelo seco. Amostras de sangue foram armazenadas a -70º C para dosagem de nitrito por quimiluminescência e pela reação de Griess. Resultados: a) a utilização de gelo picado/gelo seco ou sal foi eficiente para a coleta em respiração espontânea, mas ineficiente durante ventilação mecânica; b) o método gelo picado/sal coletou volumes maiores, sem aumento proporcional do nitrito; c) os valores do nitrito foram mais elevados no grupo cirúrgico utilizando os dois métodos; d) no grupo cirúrgico com clipe nasal ocorreu diminuição do nitrito em ambos os métodos. Conclusões: A metodologia do condensado do ar exalado pulmonar (CEP) foi eficiente na coleta respirando em ar ambiente. Os dois métodos de congelamento foram eficientes mostrando que é possível diminuir os custos, e, entre os dois métodos utilizados, o uso de gelo picado/sal mostrou melhor eficiência quanto ao volume da coleta do CEP em comparação com o uso de gelo seco.

Progress in the study of HIV-1 Vif and related inhibitors / 药学学报

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral infectivity factor (Vif), one of the accessory proteins, which is a small basic phosphoprotein, is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis. The best well-characterized function of Vif is its ability to neutralize the host cell antiviral factor, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3G (APOBEC3G), which makes the viral particles more infective. In addition, Vif can regulate the reverse transcription and the advanced stage of replication of the virus particle, as well as induce the termination of cell cycle at G2 stage and so on. The designed drug aimed directly at Vif can efficiently block the maturation and infectivity of HIV-1. In this review, the structure, function and especially the related inhibitors of Vif are reviewed.

Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist BD1047 Reduces Allodynia and Spinal ERK Phosphorylation Following Chronic Compression of Dorsal Root Ganglion in Rats

Many therapeutic roles have been proposed for sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), but the involvement of Sig-1R in neuropathic pain has currently not been well explored. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effect of Sig-1R antagonist (BD1047) in a rat model of chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (CCD), which is a model of human foraminal stenosis and radicular pain. When stainless steel rods were inserted into the intervertebral foramen of lumbar vertebrae 4 and 5, the CCD developed reliable mechanical (from 3 day) and cold allodynia (from 1 day) as compared with the sham operation group. The spinal expressions of Sig-1R and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) were significantly increased from day 3 to day 14 after CCD surgery, as is consistent with the manifestation of allodynia. The BD 1047 (10, 30, 100 mg/kg) administered on postoperative days 0~5 dose-dependently suppressed both the induction of allodynia and the elevation of the spinal pERK expression in a manner comparable with that of gabapentin (100 mg/kg). At 7 days post-CCD surgery, BD1047 (10, 30, 100 mg/kg) administration also produced anti-nociceptive effects on the mechanical and cold allodynia similar with those of gabapentin (100 mg/kg). Therefore, this data suggested that Sig-1R may play an important role in both the development and maintenance of CCD-induced neuropathy.

Effect of various root canal irrigants on removal of smear layer and debris - an SEM study

This study was carried out to compare and evaluate effectiveness of EDTA 17%, ED 5%, NaOcl 4% and saline as intracanal irrigant to remove smear layer and debris under SEM. Access cavities were prepared in 50 central incisors and were divided into 5 groups. Normal saline, EDTA 17%, NaOcl 4%, ED 5% was used as irrigant during cleaning and shaping. Teeth were sectioned and examined under SEM for smear layer and debris removal. The result showed EDTA 17% +NaOcl 4% [alternatively] and EDTA 17% +ED 5% mixture were able to remove smear layer and debris than other irrigants. EDTA 17% +ED 5% [single mixture], EDTA 17% + NaOcl 4% [alternatively] effectively removed debris and smear layer when compared with other irrigants

A Solitary Skull Lesion of Syphilitic Osteomyelitis

We experienced a rare case of solitary syphilitic osteomyelitis of the skull without any other clinical signs or symptoms of syphilis. A 20-year-old man was referred due to intermittent headache and mild tenderness at the right parietal area of the skull with a palpable coin-sized lesion of softened cortical bone. On radiological studies, the lesion was a radiolucent well enhanced mass (17 mm in diameter). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (52 mm/h) and C-reactive protein (2.24 mg/dL) were elevated on admission. Serum venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) tests were positive. There were no clinical signs or symptoms of syphilis. After treatment with benzathine penicillin, we removed the lesion and performed cranioplasty. The pathologic finding of the skull lesion was fibrous proliferation with lymphoplasmocytic infiltration forming an osteolytic lesion. In addition, a spirochete was identified using the Warthin-starry stain. The polymerase chain reaction study showed a positive band for Treponema pallidum. Solitary osteomyelitis of the skull can be the initial presenting pathological lesion of syphilis.