Prehospital tracheotomy in a case of avulsion of the larynx with a comminuted fracture of the jawbone

Emergency physicians in the field are sometimes confronted with cases wherein patients cannot be intubated and ventilated. In some cases, cricothyrotomy, the method of choice for securing an emergency airway, may not have a successful outcome. We report a rare case of a 35-year-old male patient with avulsion of the larynx and a comminuted fracture of the jawbone, due to entrapment in a dung excavator. Prehospital tracheotomy was successfully performed. In cases with crush injuries to the larynx, anatomic structures, including the ligamentum conicum, are destroyed. In addition, massive subcutaneous emphysema blurs the anatomical key structures; hence, only a tracheotomy can prevent a lethal outcome.

Clinical observation of soft tissue wire rivets in the treatment of large patellar cartilage fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical curative effect of soft tissue wire rivet for the treatment of fracture of patella cartilage.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted in 25 patients(25 knees) from June 2015 to February 2017 in patients with patellar cartilage fractures. Among them, 19 were male, 6 were female, 11 were left knee, 14 were right knee. The accident occurred in 2 cases, 23 cases of sprained athletes; the average age was(25.12±6.02) years old, the average weight was (62.48±7.91) kg, and the average body mass index was(23.25±1.51) kg/m². The average time from injury to admission was (1.96±1.51) d. The clinical manifestations were swelling of knee joint, positive floating patella sign, severe pain, occasional joint strangulation, limited flexion and extension, obvious tenderness of lateral patella, positive patellar extrapolation test and positive extrapolation fear test. X-ray and CT examination were performed before operation. X-ray showed the continuity of patellar bone and a loose body in the joint cavity. CT and 3D reconstruction showed patellar cartilage and facial defects. All 25 patients were fixed with soft tissue wire rivet. The clinical efficacy included preoperative Lysholm score and Insall evaluation.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 15 months, with an average of(9.72±4.07) months. The preoperative Lysholm score was 60.32±5.08, and the final follow-up was 88.24±4.37. The postoperative score was better than that before operation(-22.926, <0.05). According to Insall criteria, 21 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, no fracture fragments were found and knee joint adhesion was found. Six weeks after operation, X-ray and CT showed that the fracture was well positioned, the cartilage surface was smooth without obvious steps, and the patella was in good shape. MRI showed the smooth articular surface of patellar cartilage at the 6th month after operation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Soft tissue wire rivet for the treatment of massive patellar cartilage fracture has the advantages of simple operation, rapid postoperative recovery, no need for secondary operation pain, fewer complications, and definite effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

A Case of Horizontal Partial Laryngectomy for Laryngeal Trauma / 대한이비인후과학회지

Laryngeal trauma is rare compared to other head and neck traumas, but it occurs, it can be life threatening. As for treatment, a laryngeal fracture that involves displacement of cartilage or extensive injury requires appropriate surgical treatments. For severe laryngeal fractures, conservative management is usually preferred with placing a stent to prevent laryngeal stenosis. But the downside of placing stents in the larynx includes the risk of granulation and infection. In this report, the authors describe a 35-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with blunt laryngeal trauma and treated by Horizontal partial laryngectomy. The patient's post-operative breathing and voice were fair, and airway stenosis did not occur afterwards.

Resultado a largo plazo del tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas del tobillo. (5 años de seguimiento) / Long-term outcome of surgical treatment of ankle fractures. (5 years follow up)

Antecedentes: Algunos autores documentan alteración funcional con molestias asociadas en un importante número de pacientes a largo plazo luego de cirugía en fracturas de tobillo. Lesiones iniciales de cartílago, así como reducción primaria deficiente predispone a resultados desfavorables. Método: serie clínica. Evaluación funcional de fracturas de tobillo luego de cinco años de la cirugía. Se utilizó las escalas de Olerud y Molander, y Baird para evaluación. La prueba Chi2 se utilizó para inferencia estadística. Resultados: 24 pacientes, 15 hombres y 9 mujeres; La edad promedio fue 28 años (16-68 años). Hubo una asociación directamente proporcional entre dolor y limitación laboral (X2: p <0.05); igualmente el dolor estuvo relacionado de manera directa con los puntajes más bajos de las escalas (X2: p <0.05). A mayor deterioro radiológico mayor intensidad de dolor (X2: p <0.05). Hubo una asociación directa entre reducción inicial inadecuada y deterioro radiológico (X2: p <0.05). 75% resultados satisfactorios. Conclusiones: El dolor fue el síntoma capital que condicionó el resultado final. El deterioro radiológico se asoció mayormente a mala reducción inicial. Un importante número de pacientes presentan algún grado de deterioro de la función 5 años después de la cirugía, aun con buena reducción inicial(AU)

Background: Some authors document discomfort associated with functional impairment in a significant number of patients after long-term surgery on ankle fractures. Initial cartilage injuries and poor primary reduction predisposes unfavorable results. Method: clinical series. Functional assessment of ankle fractures after five years of surgery. We used scales Olerud Molander, and Baird for evaluation. The Chi2 test was used for statistical inference. Results:. 24 patients, 15 males and 9 women, mean age was 28 years (16-68 years). There was an directly proportional association between pain and labor limitation (X2: p <0.05), and also the pain was related directly with the lowest scores of the scales (X2: p <0.05). A further deterioration radiological, greater pain (X2: p <0.05). There was a direct association between inadequate initial reduction and radiological deterioration (X2: p <0.05). Conclusions. Pain was the main symptom that determined the outcome. The radiological deterioration was associated mostly with poor initial reduction. A significant number of patients have some degree of impaired function 5 years after surgery, even with good initial reduction. 75% of patients had satisfactory results(AU)

Avulsion fracture of the iliac crest in a child / Fratura avulsão da crista ilíaca em criança

Avulsion fractures of the apophysis of the iliac crest have rare incidence and are little known. In this article, we report the case of an 11-year-old female patient who presented this injury after indirect trauma. From careful radiographic analysis, an avulsion fracture of the iliac crest was identified. It was decided to use nonsurgical treatment comprising analgesia and load restriction. This case report emphasizes the importance of suspecting avulsion fractures in cases of low-energy trauma, and also guides the treatment, so as to prevent functional deficit and deformities...

A fratura avulsão da apófise da crista ilíaca apresenta incidência rara e pouco conhecida. Neste artigo relatamos caso de paciente do sexo feminino, de 11 anos, que apresentou essa lesão após trauma indireto. Após uma análise cuidadosa da radiografia, foi identificada fratura avulsão da crista ilíaca e optou-se pelo tratamento não cirúrgico com analgesia e restrição de carga. O relato do caso salienta a importância da suspeição da fratura avulsão em traumas de baixa energia, além de orientar o tratamento e prevenir déficit funcional e deformidades...

Microfracturas por vía artroscópica en pacientes con lesiones de cartílago de la rodilla / Microfractures in patients with cartilage lesions of the knee treated by arthroscopy

Las lesiones de los cartílagos de la rodilla son difíciles de tratar debido a su escasa posibilidad de reparación, de allí que la mayoría de los tratamientos para esta enfermedad son de tipo quirúrgico.Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de las microfracturas en pacientes con lesiones de los cartílagos de la rodilla.Método: se realizó un estudio de tipo cuasi experimental, modalidad antes y después sin grupo control. El universo estuvo conformado por 65 enfermos con lesiones de los cartílagos de la rodilla diagnosticados y tratados por artroscopia en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la ciudad de Camagüey desde el 1ro de enero de 2012 hasta el 31 de enero de 2013. La muestra no probabilística quedó constituida por 43 enfermos que reunieron los criterios de selección.Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino sobre el masculino en una razón de 2,9 a 1. El compartimento tibiofemoral medial presentó la mayor incidencia con 23 pacientes para un 53,4 por ciento. Las lesiones de tamaño entre uno y dos centímetros fueron las más encontradas con 24 enfermos para un 75 por ciento. De los 43 pacientes estudiados 32 presentaron enfermedades intrarticulares asociadas a la lesión de cartílagos para un 74,4 por ciento. El 65,1 por ciento de los enfermos presentaron otros factores asociados a la lesión de cartílagos de la rodilla. El 18,3 por ciento de los enfermos presentó resultados desfavorables al tratamiento.Conclusiones: las microfracturas mostraron ser efectivas en más de las terceras cuartas partes de los pacientes estudiados...

Cartilage lesions of the knee are difficult to treat because the healing process of this tissue is very low; that is why surgical procedures are the most used treatment for this complaint. Objective: to evaluate the results of microfractures in patients suffering from cartilage lesions of the knee.Methods: a cuasi-experimental study, before and after modality, without a control group was performed. The universe of investigation involved 65 patients with cartilage lesions of the knee diagnosed and treated by arthroscopy at Manuel Ascunce Domenech Provincial Teaching Hospital in Camaguey from January 1st, 2012 to January 31th, 2013. The non-probabilistic sample was composed of 43 patients who fitted the selection criteria. Results: female sex predominated with a female-male proportion of 2, 9 to 1. Medial tibiofemoral compartment was the most affected with 23 patients for a 53, 4 percent . Cartilage lesions between one and two centimeters were found in 24 patients for a 75 percent . Of 43 studied patients, 32 presented associated intrarticular diseases for a 74, 4 percent. The 65, 1 percent of the patients had others factors associated to cartilage lesions of the knee. Unfavorable results were obtained in the 18, 3 percent of the cases.Conclusions: microfractures proved to be effective in more than three fourths of the studied patients...

Newer trends in hanging death.

A total of 105 cases of deaths due to hanging were studied in a span of 5 years time. This present study throws some light on the emerging trends that Hanging is increasingly being adopted by a relatively younger age group who are mostly illiterate and of poor socio-economic status. Hanging being viewed as giving swift painless death and without much expenses and without arousing much suspicion, this mode is increasingly adopted to commit suicide. Dribbling saliva mark, which was a hallmark of Ante-mortem hanging, is increasingly seen in less number of cases. No incidence of fracture of Hyoid bone being seen in this study, due to the fact that most cases were of lower age group and also may be due to most of the victims adopting soft ligatures and low suspension points. Transverse tears in the Carotid arteries were not seen here and on subjecting to Histo-pathological study, we could detect disruption of intimal layer of Carotid artery. Effect of pressure on layers of skin were seen on Histo-pathological study showing vital reaction changes useful for labelling Ante-mortem hanging.

Experiencia en el desbridamiento artroscopico de las lesiones del labrum acetabular / Experience in arthroscopic debridament in injuries of the acetabular labrum

Introducción: Es sabido, que las lesiones labrales en la articulación de la cadera, son precursoras de la osteoartritis temprana. El propósito de este trabajo es transmitir la experiencia en el desbridamiento artroscópico de las lesiones labrales en la cadera, para el alivio de la sintomatología y prevención de la osteoartritis. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron 11 pacientes de una casuística privada, todos portadores de dolor inguinal de más de 8 meses de evolución, con diagnóstico clínico y de imágenes, de lesión de labrum acetabular. Con un seguimiento promedio de 19.8 meses, se registra el procedimiento artroscópico, se definen criterios de inclusión y exclusión y se evalúan resultados. Resultados: La evaluación de los resultados en los pacientes operados, se fundamentó en la desaparición de la sintomatología, el retorno a la actividad física, y la valoración de la satisfacción personal después del procedimiento. Se obtuvieron resultados del 90 por ciento de mejoría de los síntomas. Conclusiones: Ante la persistencia de dolor en región inguinal, con diagnóstico de lesión labral, se recomienda el desbridamiento artroscopico, para el alivio de los síntomas y la prevención de la osteoartrosis temprana.

Stem cells in orthopedics: current concepts and possible future applications.

Stem cells are the cells that have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells. Sources of these cells include embryo, umbilical cord and certain sites in adults such as the central nervous system [CNS] and bone marrow. Its use hold promise of wide spread applications particularly in areas of spinal cord injury, difficult non-unions, critical bone defects, spinal fusions, augmentation of ligament reconstructions, cartilage repair and degenerative disc disorders. This review article contains current information derived from Medline searches on the use in various orthopedic subspecialties. Some issues remain at the forefront of the controversy involving stem cell research - legislation, ethics and public opinion, cost and concentration methods. As is true with any new technology, the enthusiasm for this technology that has potential to influence virtually every orthopedic case management, must be balanced by subjecting it to stringent clinical and basic research investigations.

Diagnostic Value of Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Rib Fractures

PURPOSE: Rib fractures are the most common injuries resulting from blunt chest trauma. The sensitivity of conventional chest radiography (chest PA, rib series) in showing a rib fracture is limited, particularly in those involving the cartilage part of the rib. We investigated the possible rib fractures. We used ultrasonography (US) to investigate possible rib fractures in patients with minor blunt chest trauma who showed no evidence of a rib fracture on the conventional chest radiography. METHODS: A total of 96 patients with minor blunt chest trauma and showing no evidence of a rib fracture on the conventional chest radiography were examined with US performed with a 7.5-MHz linear transducer. RESULTS: A total of 44(45.8%) patients showed a rib fracture whereas 52(54.2%) patients had no evidence of a rib fracture. Fracture of the rib with displacement 24 patients was the most common finding. CONCLUSIONS: Rib US is a useful imaging method in showing rib fractures overlooked on chest X-rays in cases of minor blunt chest trauma. Compared with conventional chest radiography, rib US takes a shorter time and is not difficult. Additionally, lesions combined with rib fractures and costal cartilage fractures are diagnosed more easily when using rib US.

Avulsão indireta da epífise da crista ilíaca: uma rara lesão / Indirect avulsion of the iliac crest epiphysis: a rare lesion

A avulsão da cartilagem da crista ilíaca é uma lesão infreqüente e raramente é descrita na literatura. Atletas jovens e adolescentes são os indivíduos mais predispostos à lesão. O trauma indireto causado pela contração da musculatura aderida à crista ilíaca e o movimento de angulação do tronco em sentido oposto ao da contração é o mecanismo mais comum de arrancamento da cartilagem. Como na maioria dos casos não existe trauma direto, esses podem não ser diagnosticados se não considerarmos essa possibilidade de lesão. Relatamos dois casos atendidos em nosso Serviço, que apresentaram lesão na cartilagem devido a um trauma indireto (contração muscular abrupta). Ambos foram tratados de maneira incruenta, com excelente evolução.

Diagnostic Value of Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Sternal Fractures

PURPOSE: This study compared the value of ultrasonography(US) in the diagnosis of sternal fractures with those of conventional radiography and bone scan. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From March 2000 to March 2001, in Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical College, 44 patients(22 women and 22 men, mean age 46 years, range 5~81 years) complained of tenderness in the sternal area. The cases histories of these patients with clinically suspected sternal fracture due to blunt trauma were prospectively studied. At the time of admission, conventional radiography(sternal view) was done. At one day after admission, sternal ultrasonography was obtained, and after 4~5 days, a bone scan was done. Sternal ultrasonographic findings, conventional radiographic findings, and bone-scan findings were compared. In addition, a 12-lead ECG was done. When it was necessary, cardiac enzyme was checked and echocardiography was performed. RESULT: In 21 of 44 patients(48%), a sternal fracture was found by sternal US. Only 9 of 21 patients (43%) were diagnosed as having a sternal fracture by using conventional radiography. 23 of 44 patients (52%) have negative findings on sternal US; they also had negative findings on conventional radiography. Except for 7 unchecked patients, 13 of 21 patients(62%) were diagnosed as having a sternal fracture by bone scan, and among the 23 patients who had negative findings on sternal US, the 19 patients checked with a bone scan also had negative findings. CONCLUSION: Sternal US can find sternal fractures that are difficult to find on conventional radiography. Compared with bone scan, sternal US takes a shorter time and sternal US is not difficult. Additionally, combined lesions with sternal fractures(peristernal hematoma, soft tissue swelling) and costal cartilage fractures are diagnosed more easily when using sternal US.

Arthroscopic Findings in Acute Shoulder Dislocation associated with a Fracture of Greater Tuberosity of the Humerus / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate arthroscopic findings of intraarticular lesions in patients with initial dislocation of the shoulder associated with a fracture of greater tuberosity and differences in lesions according to age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 13 patients who had received an arthroscopic evaluation from February 1997 to August 1998. Using 40 years of age after which rotator cuff tear frequently occurs at the time of traumatic dislocation as a base, we classified these cases into two groups: Group A (6 cases) under 40 years of age and group B (7 cases) over 40 years of age. As for arthroscopic findings, we investigated 8 items, including SLAP lesion, anterior labral tear above the mid-glenoid notch, capsular tear, Bankart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion, glenoid cartilage fracture, rotator interval and cuff tear. RESULTS: Bankart lesion was observed in 50% of group A, but group B showed no Bankart lesion, but capsular tear without labral lesion was present in 71%, and rotator interval and cuff tear were observed in 29%. CONCLUSION: Many pathological findings were found with arthroscopy, and important pathological differences were observed between the two groups.