Deteção de citomegalovirus, herpesvirus humano 6 e herpesvirus humano 7 em amostras de lesões em glândula salivar parafinadas / Detection of cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 in paraffin salivary gland lesion samples

Guimarães Os vírus têm sido considerados como importantes patógenos no desenvolvimento de neoplasias em glândulas salivares, dentre estes, destacam-se os Betaherpesvirus humano como o Citomegalovirus humano (HCMV), Herpesvirus humano 6 (HHV-6) e Herpesvirus humano 7 (HHV-7). Os betaherpesvírus são característicos por apresentarem alta prevalência na população mundial, sem apresentar sazonalidade, capazes de causar infecção latente e reativação viral em seus hospedeiros. Devido a detecção destes vírus em amostras de saliva, tem sido proposto em alguns estudos a ação de betaherpesvírus em algumas patogenias de glândulas salivares, como a formação de patogenias nestes órgãos. Neoplasias em glândulas salivares representam cerca de 3-6% de todas as neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço, com incidência mundial anual de aproximadamente 0,4-13,5% por 100.000 indivíduos. Apesar de haver dados de detecção de betaherpesvírus em neoplasias salivares e em amostras de saliva, ainda existem estudos insuficientes que explorem o papel destes vírus nestas patogenias salivares. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença dos Betaherpesvirus humano (HCMV, HHV-6 e HHV-7) em neoplasias de glândula salivar parafinadas. Um ensaio de qPCR foi realizado para amplificação das regiões U54, U56 e U37 do HCMV, HHV-6 e HHV-7, respectivamente para quantificar a carga viral em 68 amostras parafinadas de lesões salivares. Dentre as 68 amostras processadas, 51,4% eram de mucocele (35/68), 39,7% de adenoma pleomórfico (27/68) e 8,8% de carcinoma mucoepidermoóide (6/68). A detecção de betaherpesvírus nestas lesões foi alta, apresentando maior detecção para HCMV com 52,9%, 47,05% para HHV-6 e 39,7% para HHV-7, possuindo predominância de detecção de betaherpesvírus na lesão do tipo adenoma pleomórfico. Foi observado que 50,0% das amostras apresentaram tripla-infecção por HCMV/HHV-6/HHV-7, sendo detectado 20,0% de coinfecções por HCMV/HHV-6, 20,0% de HCMV/HHV-7 e 10,0% de HHV-6/HHV-7, com coinfecções ocorrendo na lesão do tipo adenoma pleomórfico em maior taxa. A alta detecção de HCMV, HHV-6 e HHV-7 em glândulas salivares, indica que este órgão pode ser possível de sítio de replicação destes vírus

The viruses have been considered as important pathogens in the development of neoplasms in salivary glands, between these, Human betaherpesvirus such as Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) stand out. Betaherpesvirus is characteristic because they have a high prevalence in the world population, without presenting seasonality, capable of causing latent infection and viral reactivation in their hosts. Due to the detection of these viruses in saliva samples, the action of betaherpesvirus in some pathogenesis of salivary glands, such as the formation of pathogenesis in these organs, has been proposed in some studies. Salivary gland neoplasms account for about 3-6% of all head and neck neoplasms, with an annual worldwide incidence of approximately 0,4-13,5% per 100,000 individuals. Although there are data for the detection of betaherpesvirus in salivary neoplasms and saliva samples, thereare still insufficient studies exploring the role of these viruses in these salivary pathogeneses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of human Betaherpesvirus (HCMV, HHV-6 and HHV-7) in paraffin salivary gland neoplasms. A qPCR assay was performed to amplify the U54, U56 and U37 regions of HCMV, HHV-6 and HHV-7, respectively to quantify the viral load in 68 paraffin samples of salivary lesions. Among the 68 samples processed,51,4%were mucocele (35/68), 39.7% pleomorphic adenoma (27/68) and 8,8% mucoepidermoid carcinoma (6/68). The detection of betaherpesvirus in these lesions was high, presenting higher detection for HCMV with 52,9%, 47,05% for HHV6 and 39,7% for HHV-7, with predominance of detection of betaherpesvirus in the lesion of the pleomorphic adenoma type. It was observed that 50.0% of the samples presented triple-infection by HCMV/HHV-6/HHV-7, and 20.0% of co-infections by HCMV/HHV-6, 20.0% of HCMV/HHV-7 and 10.0% of HHV-6/HHV-7 were detected, with co-infections occurring with higher predominance of pleomorphic adenoma lesion. The high detection of HCMV, HHV-6 and HHV-7 in salivary glands indicates that this organ may be possible from replication site.

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of human herpesvirus-7 infection

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human herpesvirus (HHV)-7 establishes a latent infection during the lifetime of the host and can reactivate after the primary infection, leading to lytic replication in immunosuppressed patients. METHODS: This study aimed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify HHV-7 serum antibodies and compare its performance with that of an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). RESULTS: Serum samples (n=102) were tested by IgG-IFA and by ELISA. IFA and ELISA showed IgG-positive results in 77 and 73 samples, respectively. Qualitative concordance of 96% was demonstrated between the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: ELISA may be useful to diagnose HHV-7 infection.

Pitiriasis rosada en el embarazo: reporte de caso / Pityriasis rosea in pregnancy: case report

RESUMEN A pesar de que la Pitiriasis Rosada se considera una condición cutánea benigna, en el marco del embarazo, hay estudios que relacionan la aparición de esta patología con complicaciones asociadas en el feto. Metodología: Se realiza un reporte de caso, prospectivo, a una mujer de 36 años chilena que presentó esta patología durante la semana 12 de gestación. El objetivo fue describir, la evolución y control y contrastar su evolución con la evidencia científica actual sobre esta temática. Resultados: Paciente presenta placas eritematodescamativas concordantes con diagnóstico de pitiriasis rosada (superficie afectada menos al 50% de su cuerpo), sin presentar enantema, ni síntomas sistémicos. Tuvo un recién nacido sano a las 38 semanas de gestación, sin presentar ningún efecto adverso de los que relaciona la literatura analizada. Conclusiones: Distintos estudios han estudiado los posibles efectos adversos en el feto en madres que han presentado Pitiriasis Rosada en el embarazo, sin embargo, en este reporte de caso no se presentaron complicaciones asociadas. Faltan estudios realizados en mayor cantidad de pacientes.

ABSTRACT Although Pityriasis Rosea is considered a benign cutaneous condition, in the context of pregnancy, there are studies that relate the appearance of this pathology with associated complications in the fetus. Methodology: A prospective case report was made to a 36-year-old Chilean woman who presented this pathology during the twelve weeks of pregnancy. The objective was to describe, the evolution and control and to contrast its evolution with the current scientific evidence on this subject. Results: Patient presents concordant erythematous-desquamative plaques with diagnosis of Pityriasis Rosea (surface affected less than 50% of his body), without presenting enanthem, nor systemic symptoms. Had a healthy newborn at 38 weeks of gestation, without presenting any adverse effect related to the analyzed literature. Conclusions: Different studies have studied the possible adverse effects on the fetus in mothers who have presented pityriasis rosea in pregnancy, however in this case report there were no associated complications. Missing studies in a greater number of patients.

Polirradiculoneuritis aguda asociada a infección por Virus Herpes Humano 7 en un paciente adulto inmunocompetente / Acute polyradiculoneuropathy associated with human Herpes Virus 7 in an immunocompetent patient: case report

Human herpes virus 7 (HHV-7) is a cause of encephalitis, meningitis and myeloradiculoneuropathy in adults who are immunocompetent or with immunosuppression. The involvement of the peripheral nervous system is always associated with myelitis. We report a case of acute polyradiculoneuropathy due to HHV-7, without involvement of central nervous system, in an immunocompetent patient. A 35-years-old man complained of lumbar pain radiating to both buttocks. On examination muscle strength and tendon reflexes were normal. He had asymmetric pinprick and light touch saddle hypoesthesia and also in the perineal region, dorsum and lateral aspect of the left foot. Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild thickening and contrast enhancement of cauda equina nerve roots. Polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid was positive for HVV-7. Other inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic etiologies were ruled out. Lumbar pain and hypoesthesia improved progressively and neurological examination was normal after one month. He did not receive antiviral therapy.

One case of correlation between the human herpesvirus 7 DNA load and the hemo hagocytic syndrome / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the relationship between human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) viral Load and the etiopathogenisis of hemophagocytic syndrome, in order to provide evidence for the clinical diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome and anti-virus therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood of patient with hemophagocytic syndrome during different treatment periods, extracted DNA, Syntheticed the primers of HHV-7, gene sequence of PCR amplified fragments detected, determined HHV-7 viral Load by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the ferritin concentration in peripheral blood detected by chemiluminescence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The sequence result indicated that PCR amplified fragment was a part of HHV-7 gene, the ferritin concentration viried with the load of HHV-7.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occurrence of hemophagocytic syndrome is connetted with the load of HHV-7.</p>

The Effect of Oral Famciclovir in Pityriasis Rosea / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis rosea is a common, acute self-limiting papulosquamous disorder in which many studies suggest viral causative factors in its pathogenesis. Recently, the link between pityriasis rosea and the reactivation of human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) and HHV-7 infection has been suggested. This evidence suggests that targetting HHV-6 or HHV-7 may be an effective treatment for pityriasis rosea. OBJECTIVE: We treated pityriasis rosea patients with oral famciclovir to investigate the effect of oral famciclovir in pityriasis rosea. METHODS: A case group of seventeen patients with pityriasis rosea were treated with oral famciclovir (250 mg 3 times daily for 7 days). Clinical evaluation at 0, 1 & 2 weeks was undertaken. A skin biopsy and polymerase chain reaction analysis of HHV-6 from a skin specimen were performed. We analyzed 19 patients with pityriasis rosea who were treated with topical steroid and oral antihistamines retrospectively and considered them as the control group. RESULTS: On the 7th day after oral famciclovir treatment was started, pityriasis rosea had regressed completely in 3 patients (17.6%) and had regressed partially in 9 patients (52.9%). On the 14th day, 12 patients (70.6%) had achieved more than partial regression. On the 7th day, systemic symptoms had improved in all 9 patients. Clearance of skin lesions was achieved in average 7.57 days in patients who had regressed completely after 14 days' treatment. Histological examination of patients was compatible with pityriasis rosea and polymerase chain reaction analysis of HHV-6 was negative in all 8 patients. Compared with the control group, the treatment for patients in the case group seemed to have better effects, but statistical analysis failed to show any significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Famciclovir was not effective in the treatment of pityriasis rosea, but further investigation is needed.

Human herpesvirus-7 as a cause of exanthematous ilnesses in Belém, Pará, Brazil

Examinamos soros de 370 pacientes acometidos de doença exantemática, selecionados em Belém, norte do Brasil, com o propósito de se detectarem anticorpos IgM e IgG para o herpesvírus humano-7 (HHV-7). As amostras foram obtidas entre janeiro de 1996 e dezembro de 2002 e, posteriormente, processadas utilizando-se a técnica da imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Taxas de anticorpos IgM e/ou IgG foram encontradas em 190 (51,4) desses pacientes. Observamos taxas de prevalência similares para os sexos feminino e masculino com: 52,5 e 50,3, respectivamente. O "status" sorológico foi definido pela presença de anticorpos IgG nos espécimes de 135 (36,5) pacientes. A par disso, em 55 (14,9) dos 370 pacientes foram detectados anticorpos IgM para o HHV-7. Taxas de anticorpos IgM e IgG para o HHV-7 foram similares (p > 0.05) quando comparamos indivíduos do sexo feminino e masculino: 14,4 versus 15,3 e 38,1 versus 35,0, respectivamente. Diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,003) foi observada quando comparamos as taxas de anticorpos IgM para o HHV-7 nos indivíduos do grupo etário de 5-8 meses pertencentes ao sexo feminino e masculino. Taxas de prevalência variando de 4,6 (masculino, 5-8 meses de idade) a 93,3 (feminino, > 10 anos de idade) e 12,2 (masculino, 5-8 meses de idade) a 80,0 (masculino, 8-10 anos de idade) foram observadas no subgrupo positivo para IgG. Um subgrupo (n = 131) de pacientes com anticorpos IgM ou IgG foi examinado quanto a presença de DNA para o HHV-7 pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase/ "nested" PCR. Infecção recente/ativa para o HHV-7 ocorreu em 11,0 (6/55) dos pacientes cujas amostras apresentaram anticorpos IgM específicos para o HHV-7. Em um subgrupo (n = 76) de pacientes com altos níveis de anticorpos IgG para o HHV-7 (título > 1: 160) não foi detectada a presença de DNA em seus soros pelo PCR/ "nested" PCR. Entre as seis infecções recentes/ativas, quatro indivíduos com menos de um ano e dois com 3 e 6 anos de idade apresentaram típico exantema súbito (E.S) definido por febre elevada (> 38,0 ºC) com duração de 24 a 72 horas, acompanhando-se de erupção cutânea maculopapular. Nossos resultados ressaltam a necessidade de procurarmos a infecção pelo HHV-7 em pacientes portadores de doença exantemática, particularmente naquelas apresentações típicas de E.S. O HHV-7 parece emergir como um novo patógeno associado a quadros exantemáticos em nossa região.

Human herpesvirus infection in children with fever and maculopapular rash.

Fever with maculopapular rash is a common problem in children. Infection with human herpesviruses is one of the common etiologies in fever with rash. The aim of this study has been to examine patients presenting with fever and maculopapular rash without respiratory symptoms for human herpesviruses infection by using multiplex nested-polymerase chain reaction. A descriptive and prospective study was conducted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand from June 2000 to December 2001. One hundred patients, 43 boys and 57 girls, aged between 2 months and 14 years were recruited. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) was the most common (24%) whereas HHV7, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were present in 9%, 3% and 2% of the patients, respectively. Four percent of the patients simultaneously harbored HHV6 and HHV7. Only one patient had CMV, HHV6 and HHV7. Patients with HHV7 had a mean age of 4.5 years, whereas those with HHV6 had a mean age of 1.6 years. HHV6 and HHV7 were commonly found as causes of fever and maculopapular rash without respiratory symptoms. Co-infection with different herpesviruses can be found in the same patient.

Los virus herpes linfotrópicos humanos: epstein-Barr (VEB), 6 y 7 (HHV-6 y HHV-7) en la patogenia de enfermedades mielodisplásicas (SMD) y mieloproliferativas (SMP) / Lymphotropic human herpesviruses: epstein-Barr (EBV), 6 y 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7) in the pathogenia of myelodysplastic (MDS) and mieloproliferative diseases (MPS)

Con base en alteraciones mielodisplásicas y mieloproliferativas observadas en pacientes con enfermedades linfoproliferativas asociadas a virus herpes linfotrópicos humanos, se realizaron estudios de escrutinio para demostrar eventualmente la reactivación de éstos y su posible implicación en la patogenia y curso de síndrome mielodisplásico (SMD) y de síndrome mieloproliferativo (SMP). Se investigaron 74 biopsias de médula ósea y sueros de pacientes con SMD y 49 biopsias de médula ósea y 36 sueros de pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC), a 13 casos de México no se les realizó serología. El diagnóstico y clasificación se hizo según los criterios del Grupo Franco-Americano-Británico (FAB). Se realizaron pruebas séricas de anticuerpos contra antígeno de la cápsula viral (VCA) y antígeno temprano (EA) del VEB con las técnicas de ELISA y de inmunofluorescencia y de HHV-6 y HHV-7 mediante inmunofluorescencia. La inmunohistología se realizó con la técnica de APAAP (fosfatasa alcalina-antifosfatasa alcalina) para expresión antigénica de los 3 virus y por anticuerpos monoclonales. Se determinó proliferación celular con APAAP y con anticuerpo monoclonal contra el antígeno nuclear de proliferación celular (PCNA). Se encontraron títulos de IgG anti-VEB-EA en 62 por ciento de los casos con SMD y en 33 por ciento con LMC, títulos de IgG HHV-6 elevados en 19 por ciento de los casos con SMD y en 9.3 por ciento de LMC y los de HHV-7 elevados en el 37.8 por ciento y 13.9 por ciento, respectivamente. Los títulos de IgM fueron negativos para los tres virus. La expresión de antígeno en la médula ósea fue positiva en el 76 por ciento de SMD a VEB-EA, 48.6 por ciento a HHV-6 p41 y 37.8 por ciento a HHV-7. Los casos de LMC expresaron VEB-EA en el 77 por ciento, HHV-6 en el 54.5 por ciento y HHV-7 en el 21.8 por ciento.

Prevalences of human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 in normal Thai population.

Prevalences of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) DNA were investigated in normal Thai population. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and saliva were collected from 238 healthy adults in five provinces which might be a representative of each part of the country, and 120 normal children in one province. Prevalences of HHV-6 DNA PBMC were 45.5-74.3% in adults and 78.3% in children, and in saliva, very low prevalences were detected; 5.7-8.6% in adults and 15.0% in children, respectively. Additionally, all HHV-6 DNA detected in this study were variant B. Comparingly to those of HHV-7 DNA, the prevalences were significantly higher than those of HHV-6, ie, 82.9-91.4% in PBMC of adults, 85% in PBMC of children, 84.8-89.0% in saliva of adults and 92.5% in saliva of children. HHV-6 and HHV-7 isolation from saliva specimens were also performed. No HHV-6 could be isolated from any samples, whereas, in the present study, HHV-7 could be isolated as 90.0% from children and as 20.0-54.5% from adults.

New Human Herpesviruses Infections

No abstract available.

Prevalencia del virus humano herpes 7 en donadores de sangre mexicanos / Prevalence of human herpes viruz 7 in Mexican blood donors

El herpes virus humano 7 (HHV-7) fue aislado recientemente de las células CD4 de individuos sanos; actualmente se realizan estudios de suposible asociación con enfermedades de humanos. Se estudiaron 200 muestras de sangre de candidatos a donadores asintomáticos del banco de sangre del Hospital General de México, utilizando la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFA) en células SupT1 infectadas con el HHV-7 en la Universidad de Colonia, Alemania. El 83.5 por ciento de las muestras fueron de varones y el 16.5 por ciento de mujeres; provenían de 12 diferentes estados de la república mexicana con predominio del Distrito Federal (60.5 por ciento) y del Estado de México (28 por ciento) con edad promedio de 29.2 años. El HHV-7 fue detectado en el 98.5 por ciento de los casos a diferentes titulaciones; el 84.5 por ciento presentó títulos elevados (ò 1:80). El 1 por ciento resultó positivo a hepatitis B, el 2 por ciento a sífilis, y el 0.5 por ciento a brucella. Todos fueron negativos a hepatitis C así como al VIH. La elevada prevalencia de HHV-7 deberá aclararse en investigaciones futuras que permitan determinar la posible asociación de títulos altos con infección activa, así como el significado de ésta en relación a enfermedad

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 infections in the Thai population.

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and 7 (HHV-7) was estimated in the Thai population using indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine serum antibodies to HHV-6 and HHV-7. A total of 333 serum samples obtained from umbilical cord blood and venous blood of healthy persons at Siriraj Hospital and Krabi Hospital during 1990-1993 were investigated. Of 73 infants aged 0-1 month, 73% and 78% were found tob e positive for HHV-6 and HHV-7 antibodies, respectively. Antibody to HHV-6 was detected in age groups 2-3 months (38%), 4-5 months (14%), 6 months (44%), 7-11 months (66%), 1-2 year (84%), 3-4 years (82%), 5-9 years (83%), 10-19 years (83%), 20-29 years (80%), 30-39 years (67%), and over 40 years (58%), respectively. This positive rates of HHV-7 antibody in age groups 2-3 months, 4-5 months, 6 months, 7-11 months, 1-2 years, 3-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-19 years, 21-29 years, 30-39 years, and over 40 years were 50%, 21%, 10%, 37%, 47%, 82%, 75%, 72%, 72%, 67%, and 67%, respectively. At 6 months of age as the starting time of infections, 34% (14/41) and 9% (3/41) of infants had presumed primary infections of HHV-6 and HHV-7, respectively. In the follow-up study, 53% (20/38) of children were infected with HHV-6 prior to HHV-7 and only 5% vice versa. Eighty-four percent of children had acquired antibody to HHV-6 by 1-2 years old while 82% of children had acquired antibody to HHV-7 by 3-4 years old. These results suggest that HHV-6 and HHV-7 are prevalent viruses in the Thai population. The infections of both viruses begin at 6 months of age. However, infection of HHV-7 in most children begins later. The data also provided evidence that antigenic distinction between HHV-6 and HHV-7 existed with a limited cross-reactivity in an antibody test. The antibody responses to HHV-6 and HHV-7 occurred independently.