Arctigenin mitigates vascular endothelial injury in rats with pregnancy-induced hypertension via autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of arctigenin(ARC) in the treatment of vascular endothelial injury in rats with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH). Fifty SD rats pregnant for 12 days were randomly assigned into a control group, a model group, an ARC group, a rapamycin(RAP, autophagy inducer) group, and an ARC+3-methyladenine(3-MA, autophagy inhibitor) group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the other groups except the control group were intraperitoneally injected with nitrosyl-L-arginine methyl ester(50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) to establish the PIH model on the 13th day of pregnancy. On the 15th day of pregnancy, the rats in ARC, RAP, and ARC+3-MA groups were intraperitoneally injected with ARC(50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), RAP(1 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and 3-MA(15 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))+ARC(50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), respectively. The pregnant rats in the control group and the model group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline. The blood pressure and 24 h urine protein(24 h-UP) of pregnant rats in each group were measured before and after intervention. Cesarean section was performed to terminate pregnancy on day 21, and the body weight and body length of fetal rats were compared among groups. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe the pathological changes of placenta. The expression of endothelin-1(ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) in placenta was detected by immunohistochemistry. The serum levels of ET-1 and nitric oxide(NO) were determined with corresponding kits. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3), Beclin-1, NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with CARD domain(ASC), caspase-1, interleukin(IL)-1β, and IL-18 was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in placenta was measured by fluorescence staining. The results showed that on day 12 of pregnancy, the blood pressure and 24 h-UP had no significant differences among groups. On days 15, 19, and 21, the blood pressure and 24 h-UP in the model group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). On days 19 and 21, the blood pressure and 24 h-UP in ARC group and RAP group were lower than those in the model group(P<0.05), and they were higher in the ARC+3-MA group than in the ARC group(P<0.05). On day 21, the model group had lower body weight and body length of fetal rats(P<0.05), higher serum level of ET-1, and lower serum level of NO(P<0.05) than the control group. Moreover, the placental tissue showed typical pathological damage, down-regulated expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and eNOS(P<0.05), up-regulated expression of ET-1, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18(P<0.05), and elevated ROS level. Compared with the model group, ARC and RAP groups showed increased body weight and body length of fetal rats(P<0.05), lowered serum level of ET-1, elevated serum level of NO(P<0.05), reduced pathological damage of placental tissue, up-regulated expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, Beclin-1, and eNOS(P<0.05), down-regulated expression of ET-1, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18(P<0.05), and lowered ROS level. Compared with ARC group, 3-MA reversed the effects of ARC on the above indicators. In conclusion, ARC can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and mitigate vascular endothelial damage in PIH rats by inducing autophagy of vascular endothelial cells.

Efectos de la aspirina en fetos de rata con reducción de la presión de la perfusión uterina / Effects of aspirin on rat fetuses with reduction of uterine perfusion pressure

La preeclampsia (PE) es un trastorno hipertensivo inducido por el embarazo donde se reduce la presión de la perfusión uterina. Investigaciones avalan el uso de dosis baja de aspirina (DBAAS) y su utilidad en la prevención de PE en gestantes con factores de riesgo. Sus beneficios en modelos animales sometidos a esta reduccción no están determinados. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la presión arterial sistémica y los hallazgos morfológicos a nivel renal en fetos de ratas con reducción de la presión de perfusión uterina (RPPU) expuestas a DBAAS en comparación a las no expuestas. Se conformaron cuatro grupos de ratas hembras preñadas Sprague Dawley (n=5). A los 14,5 días post-concepción (dpc), vía quirúrgica se indujo RPPU, ligando arterias uterinas, conformándose el grupo RPPU y el grupo RPPU+DBAAS al que se le administró 5 mg/kg/día de aspirina vía oral. El grupo control lo conformaron las no operadas y el grupo DBAAS se le administró aspirina en igual dosis desde el 14,5 dpc. A los 18,5 dpc, previo a la eutansia se midió la presión arterial sistémica con pletismógrafo caudal Insight v2.11 y se extrajeron los fetos. Se midió la longitud céfalo-caudal (LCC), se procesaron y tiñeron con hematoxilina-eosina, describiéndose cortes histológicos transversales a nivel renal. Se determinó que en la presión arterial media, hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo RPPU y RPPU+DBAAS (p<0,05). El tamaño de los fetos fue menor en el grupo RPPU (p<0,0001), donde 1 feto presentó hernia umbilical congénita. La cuantificación de vesículas renales también fue menor (p<0,005). En conclusión, la administración de DBAAS disminuye los efectos inducidos por la RPPU en cuanto al tamaño fetal, morfología renal y malformaciones congénitas como hernia umbilical. En cuanto a la presión arterial sistémica, tendría efectos sólo en presión arterial media.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder induced by pregnancy where there is a reduction in the uterine perfusion pressure. Research supports the use of low dose aspirin (LDAAS) and its usefulness in the prevention of PE in pregnant women with risk factors. Their benefits in animal models subject to RUPP are not determined. The objective of the investigation was to analyze the systemic blood pressure and the morphological findings at renal level in fetuses of rats with reduction of uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) exposed to LDAAS compared to those not exposed. Four groups of pregnant female rats Sprague Dawley (n=5) were formed. At 14.5 days post-conception (dpc), surgical RUPP was induced, ligating uterine arteries, with the RUPP group and RUPP+LDAAS group being given 5 mg/kg/day of aspirin orally. The control group was made up of those not operated and the LDAAS group was administered aspirin in the same dose from 14.5 dpc. A 18.5 dpc, prior to euthanasia systemic blood pressure was measured with flow plethysmograph Insight v2.11 and fetuses were extracted. The cephalo-caudal length (CCL) was measured, processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, describing transverse histological sections at the kidney level. It was determined that in the mean arterial pressure, there were significant differences between the group RUPP and RUPP+LDAAS (p <0.05). The size of the fetuses was lower in the RUPP group (p <0.0001), where one fetus presented congenital umbilical hernia. The quantification of renal vesicles was also lower (p <0.005). In conclusion, the administration of LDAAS decreases the effects induced by RUPP in terms of fetal size, renal morphology and congenital malformations such as umbilical hernia. Regarding the systemic blood pressure, effects would only mean arterial pressure.

Prescripción de metildopa en el tratamiento de pacientes con enfermedad hipertensiva en el embarazo / Methyldopa prescription in patients with hipertensive disease during pregnancy

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, de utilización de medicamentos, de tipo indicación-prescripción, de 67 gestantes con enfermedad hipertensiva en el embarazo, atendidas en el Hospital Materno Sur Mariana Grajales Coello de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio de 2015 hasta junio de 2016, con vistas a caracterizar la prescripción de metildopa en estas pacientes. En la casuística predominó el uso de este fármaco en las pacientes que tenían situaciones asociadas con las formas más graves de la enfermedad, tales como la edad avanzada, la nuliparidad y el antecedente de hipertensión arterial. Las principales dificultades correspondieron a la combinación de medicamentos con riesgo de interacciones con la metildopa y al empleo de esta a dosis elevadas

A descriptive cross-sectional indication-prescription study of medications use, of 67 pregnant women with hipertensive disease during pregnancy, assisted in Mariana Grajales Coello Southern Maternal Hospital was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from July, 2015 to June, 2016, aimed at characterizing methyldopa prescription in these patients. The use of this medicine prevailed in the case material in patients that had situations associated with the most serious forms of the disease, such as advanced age, nonpariity and hypertension history. The main difficulties corresponded to the combination of medicines with risk of methyldopa interactions and its use at a high dose

Crise hipertensiva gestacional / Hypertensive crisis in pregnancy

Uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade materna é a doença hipertensiva gestacional. Como objetivo desse capítulo, vamos enfatizar o diagnóstico e tratamento na urgência em frente a essas situações para diminuir desfechos desfavoráveis materno-fetais.

One of the major cause of maternal mobidity and mortality are hypertensive disorders. The aim of this chapter is focusing on urgency diagnoses and treatment of this situations to decrease unfavorable maternal and fetus outcomes.

Tratamento de hipertensão gestacional grave na urgência: revisão de diretrizes / Treatment of severe gestational hypertension in emergency: review of guidelines

A doença hipertensiva gestacional é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade maternal no mundo. O tratamento definitivo depende do esvaziamento uterino. Medicamentos anti-hipertensivos buscam diminuir desfechos desfavoráveis para o binômio mãe-feto. O objetivo desse estudo de revisão foi comparar diferentes diretrizes sobre o tratamento de hipertensão gestacional, com o foco na conduta de urgência.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Delivery is the definitive treatment. Antihypertensive drugs may reduce blood pressure levels and reduce adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. The aim of this review was to compare different guidelines on the treatment of acute gestational hypertension.

L-arginina: suplemento nutricional sin beneficios demostrados en patologías del embarazo / L-arginine supplementation in patients with disorders of pregnancy

Objetivo: análisis crítico de estudios clínicos randomizados para determinar si el suplemento con L-arginina mejora el resultado perinatal en pacientes embarazadas en riesgo o que presenten patologías como parto prematuro, síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo o restricción de crecimiento fetal intrauterino. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en base de datos Pubmed, Tripdatabase y una multibúsqueda en el Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile con posterior análisis crítico de los estudios seleccionados. Resultados: se seleccionaron 14 estudios clínicos randomizados; 4 de ellos corresponden a estudios de L-arginina en hipertensión gestacional, 5 estudios de L-arginina en preeclampsia, 1 estudio de L-arginina en parto prematuro, 1 estudio de L-arginina en hipertensión crónica y 4 estudios de L-arginina en restricción de crecimiento intrauterino. Solo dos de los estudios son de buena calidad metodológica, pero uno de ellos estudia un resultado intermedio y no clínicamente relevante. El resultado más promisorio muestra que el uso de L-arginina asociada a vitaminas antioxidantes reduce significativamente la incidencia de preeclampsia en mujeres de riesgo (antecedente personal o familiar de preeclampsia). Conclusiones: no se ha demostrado la efectividad de la suplementación antenatal con L-arginina para mejorar el resultado perinatal en embarazadas en riesgo o que presentan patologías como parto prematuro, síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo o restricción de crecimiento fetal. Se requieren estudios de buen diseño que permitan conclusiones definitivas.

Objective: critical analysis of randomized clinical trials to determine whether supplementation with L-arginine improves perinatal outcome in pregnant patients at risk or presenting conditions such as preterm labor, hypertensive disorders or intrauterine fetal growth restriction. Methods: we performed a literature search in Pubmed, Tripdatabase and multisearch in the Library System of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile to further critical analysis of selected studies. Results: We selected 14 randomized trials, 4 of them are for studies of L-arginine in gestational hypertension, 5 studies of L-arginine in preeclampsia, one study of L-arginine in preterm labor, one study of L-arginine in chronic hypertension and 4 studies of L-arginine in intrauterine growth restriction. Only two of the studies were of good methodological quality, but one these studies analyzes an intermediate result that is not clinically relevant. The most promising result shows that the use of L-arginine associated with antioxidant vitamins significantly reduced the incidence of preeclampsia in women at risk (personal or family history of preeclampsia). Conclusions: is not shown the effectiveness of antenatal supplementation with L-arginine to improve perinatal outcome in pregnant women at risk or with pathological conditions such as premature labor, hypertensive disorders and fetal growth restriction. More studies of good design are needed to allow definitive conclusions.

Nifedipina de liberación programada en micro-gránulos para el control de la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo / Release nifedipine programmed micro-pellets for the control of hipertensive disease of pregnancy

Determinar la eficacia y efectividad de la utilización de la nifedipina de liberación programada en micro-gránulos en el tratamiento de la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo. Se admitieron sesenta y dos pacientes consecutivas con enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo con edad gestacional mayor de 20 semanas, fueron asignados a recibir 30 o 60 mg de nifedipina de liberación programada en micro-gránulos en la mañana con el punto final de obtener un control eficaz de la presión arterial (presión arterial sistólica ≤ 120 y presión arterial diastólica ≤ 80 mmHg), cuantificada con esfigmomanómetro de mercurio. Casos con historia de insuficiencia cardíaca y que recibían tratamiento antihipertensivo durante el curso del actual embarazo fueron excluidos. Se cuantificó el tiempo requerido para obtener el control eficaz de la presión arterial y se identificaron los episodios de crisis hipertensiva con el tratamiento así como los efectos adversos en la madre o el feto. El promedio de edad de las pacientes fue de 28,2±7,8 años. Peso 75,1±13,2 kg, talla 162,3±7,0 cm. Ídice de masa corporal 28,5 ± 4,6 kg/m2. Las reducciones de las presiones arteriales fueron: decúbito. Presión arterial sistólica (de 140,0±8,1 a 119,0±8,8 mmHg. P < 0,0001), presió arterial diastóica (de 89,7±7,7 a 72,7±7,8 mmHg. P < 0,0001), frecuencia cardíca (de 82,2±10 a 81,3±10 Lat/min. P = 0,31). Sentadas. Presió arterial sistóica (de 140,3±6,8 a 117,9±8,9 mmHg. P < 0,0001), PAD (de 88,6±8,1 a 71,5±8,5 mmHg. P < 0,0001), frecuencia cardíca (de 84,2±9,0 a 82,3±9,4 Lat/min. P = 0,12). De pie. Presió arterial sistóica (de 141,7±6,76 a 118,3±8,5 mmHg. P < 0,0001), presió arterial diastóica (de 88,9±6,9 a 72,6±8,6 mmHg. P < 0,0001), frecuencia cardíca (de 84,8±9,2 a 83,6±9,6 lat/min. P =0,24). El control de las cifras de presió arterial se logróen un promedio de 6 semanas de tratamiento con nifedipina de liberació programada en micro-gránulos. No se produjo nuevos eventos de crisis hipertensiva ni efectos...

Determine the efficacy and effectiveness of the use of programmed liberate nifedipine on microgranules in the treatment of the hypertensive disease in pregnancy. Sixty two serial patients were admitted with hypertensive disease in pregnancy with age gestacional superior than 20 weeks, were they assigned to receive 30 or 60 mg of programmed liberate nifedipine on micro-granules in the morning with the final objective from obtaining an effective control of the blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≤ 120 and diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80 mmHg), quantified with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Cases with history of heart inadequacy and that they received antihypertensive treatment during the course of the current pregnancy they were excluded. The time required to obtain the effective control of the blood pressure was quantified and the episodes of hypertensive crisis were identified with the treatment as well as the adverse effects in the mother or the fetus. The age of the patients was of 28.2±7.8 years, weigh 75.1±13.2 kilos, height 162.3±7.0 cm, Index of corporal mass 28.5 ± 4.6 kg/m2. The reductions of the arterial pressures were: decubitus. Systolic blood pressure (of 140.0±8.1 at 119.0±8.8 mmHg. P <0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (of 89.7±7.7 at 72.7±7.8 mmHg. P <0.0001), heart rate (of 82.2±10 to 81.3±10 beats/min. P = 0.31). Seated Systolic blood pressure (of 140.3±6.8 at 117.9±8.9 mmHg. P <0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (of 88.6±8.1 at 71.5±8.5 mmHg. P <0.0001), heart rate (of 84.2±9,0 to 82.3±9.4 beats/min. P = 0.12). Of foot. Systolic blood pressure (of 141.7±6.76 at 118.3±8.5 mmHg. P <0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (of 88.9±6.9 at 72.6±8.6 mmHg. P <0.0001), heart rate (of 84.8±9.2 to 83.6±9.6 beats/min. P = 0.24). The blood pressure control was achievement in an average of 6 weeks of treatment with programmed liberate nifedipine on micro-granules. A new event of hypertensive crisis wasn`t happens, neither adverse effect didn`t see in the mother...

comparative study to evaluate the role of alpha tocopherol in pregnancy induced hypertension

To assess the role of alpha tocopherol in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension [PIH] by comparing pregnancy induced hypertensive patients on routine anti-hypertensive measures with pregnancy induced hypertensive patients on alpha tocopherol plus routine antihypertensive measures. Retrospective Randomizing Study. This study was conducted at the Department of pharmacology and Therapeutics, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from April 2004 to Sept. 2004. Two groups each comprising of 25 pregnancy induced hypertensive females, age ranging from 18-40 years were studied in this study. Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed from 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and were followed at every 15 days till the time of delivery in Control Group-I [G-I] and Test Group-II [G-II]. On day-0 systolic blood pressure on average showed higher value in G-II compared to G-I. On day 30, 60 and day final, the mean systolic blood pressure showed lower values in G-II although the difference was found statistically insignificant. When diastolic blood pressure studied, it showed on the average same readings for G-I and G-II on day-0. On day 30, day 60 and day final, it also showed statistically insignificant difference between G-I and G-II with higher mean diastolic blood pressure in G-I. Alpha tocopherol exerted better effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in test group when compared with control group

Legrado uterino o nifedipina durante el posparto en pacientes con preeclampsia severa / Curettage or nifedipine during the postpartum period in patients with severe preeclampsia

Comparar la eficacia del legrado uterino o la nifedipina durante el posparto en pacientes con preeclampsia severa. Maternidad “Dr. Nerio Belloso”, Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo. Estado Zulia. Se realizó una investigación en 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia severa que fueron divididas de la siguiente manera: grupo A (n = 30) que fueron sometidas a legrado uterino inmediatamente después del parto y grupo B (n = 30) que recibieron nifedipina (10 mg vía oral cada 8 horas x 24 horas). Se evaluaron los cambios en la presión arterial, contaje de plaquetas, parámetros de laboratorio y efectos adversos. La edad materna, edad de la gestación al momento del parto y tipo de parto fueron similar para las pacientes del grupo nifedipina y las pacientes del grupo de legrado uterino (p = ns). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores promedio de presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica y contaje de plaquetas en ninguno de los períodos estudiados entre ambos grupos de estudio (p = ns). Tampoco encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en los valores inicial y a las 24 horas de hemoglobina, hematocrito, bilirrubina y transaminasas (p =ns). El único efecto adverso que presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa y una alta incidencia fue la cefalea en el grupo de preeclámpticas severas tratadas con nifedipina (26 casos, P < 0,05). La nifedipina es tan eficaz como el legrado uterino durante el posparto en pacientes con preeclampsia severa

To compare the efficacy of uterine curettage or nifedipine during postpartum in patients with severe preeclampsia. Maternidad “Dr. Nerio Belloso”, Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo. Estado Zulia. A research was done in 60 patients with diagnosis of severe preeclampsia that were divided of following way: group A (n = 30) who were submitted to uterine curettage and group B (n = 30) who received nifedipine (10 mg orally every 8 hours x 24 hours). Blood pressure changes, platelet count, laboratory parameters and adverse effects were evaluated. Maternal age, gestational age at the moment of delivery and type of delivery were similar to patients of group nifedipine and patients of uterine curettage group (p = ns). There were not significant differences in mean values of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and platelet count between groups (p = ns). There was also not significant differences between groups in initial and at 24-hours values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, bilirubin and transaminases (p = ns). The only adverse effect that presented a significant difference and a high incidence was headache in group of severe preeclamptic patients treated with nifedipine (26 cases; P < 0.05). Nifedipine is as effective as uterine curettage during postpartum in patients with severe preeclampsia

Tratamento da hipertensão arterial na gestação / Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy

O planejamento da abordagem terapêutica na doença hipertensiva gestacional, especialmente através de ensaios clínicos, é fortemente restringido por preceitos éticos óbvios. Entretanto, esta patologia é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade materna e perinatal, fazendo-se necessária aplicação de terapia medicamentosa. Os anti-hipertensivos são usados principalmente para prevenir e tratar a hipertensão grave, bem como para prolongar a gestação enquanto esta for segura, maximizando assim, a idade gestacional fetal e minimizando a exposição fetal aos efeitos adversos dos medicamentos. Dentre as opções terapêuticas, a metildopa permanece sendo a primeira escolha para uso durante a gestação, havendo ainda a possibilidade do uso de antagonistas do canal de cálcio, hibralazina e betabloqueadores. Estão contra-indicados os inibidores da ECA e os antagonistas dos receptores da angiotensina devido aos seus efeitos deletéricos sobre o feto, os diuréticos devem ser evitados durante a lactação. O diagnostico precoce, a constante monitorização materna e fetal, a instituição da terapia e a escolha adequada da droga, bem como a indicação precisa da interrupção da gestação permanecem sendo as medidas mais eficazes disponíveis até o momento.

Tratamento anti-hipertensivo na gravidez baseado em evidências / Evidence-based anti-hypertensive treatment in pregnancy

As síndromes hipertensivas representam uma das alterações que ocorrem com maior freqüência na gravidez, encontrando-se entre as principais causas de morte materna e perinatal no mundo. A terapêutica anti-hipertensiva neste grupo de pacientes ainda permanece incerta. Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de descrever as peculiaridades do tratamento anti-hipertensivo na gravidez baseado nas evidências científicas disponíveis. Nas gestantes com hipertensão/pré-eclâmpsia leve, recomenda-se a não utilização de drogas anti-hipertensivas de manutenção, mesmo nas pacientes com hipertensão crônica leve sabidamente conhecida antes da gestação e que faziam uso da terapia. Nas pacientes hipertensas com fatores de risco associados, a terapia anti-hipertensiva de manutenção é recomendada. Na emergência hipertensiva, é consenso que o tratamento deva ser instituído, embora não exista consenso sobre a melhor droga a ser utilizada com essa finalidade. Da mesma forma, não está estabelecida a real necessidade do tratamento anti-hipertensivo de manutenção, ou seja, diário, nas gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave, em termos de efeitos benéficos para o binômio mãe-feto.

The hypertensive syndromes are one of the most common disorders of pregnancy and are one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal death around the world. Anti-hypertensive treatment in this group of patients remains unclear. A literature review was performed with the objective of describing the singularities of anti-hypertensive treatment in pregnancy based on current scientific evidence. In pregnant women with mild hypertension or preeclampsia the use of anti-hypertensive drugs is not recommended, even in patients with mild chronic hypertension diagnosed before pregnancy that previously used these drugs. In hypertensive pregnant women with associated risk factors the therapy is recommended. There is consensus about the need of treatment of hypertensive emergencies but there is no agreement on which drug should be used. In addition, the need of daily anti-hypertensive treatment in patients with severe preeclampsia is not established in terms of real beneficial effects for mothers and fetuses.

Valor de la flujometría Doppler de arterias uterinas para la predicción de algunas complicaciones en gestantes con hipertensión arterial crónica / Value of uterine artery Doppler flowmetry for the prediction of some complications in pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension

La hipertensión arterial crónica (HTAc) durante la gestación se asocia con un incremento del riesgo de preeclampsia y restricción del crecimento fetal (RCIU). Con el objetivo de evaluar el valor de la flujometría Doppler de las arterias uterinas a las 24 semanas en la predicción de estas complicaciones, se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo en 222 gestantes con HTAc atendidas en el Hospital Ramón González Coro de Ciudad de La Habana. Se estudió la asociación entre la presencia de muesca diastólica después de las 24 semanas, el índice de pulsatilidad (IP) y la relación sístole/diástole (S/D) anormales; con la ocurrencia de RCIU y preeclampsia, se determinó la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN) de la prueba para estos eventos. La sensibilidad de la muesca diastólica para la aparición de RCIU fue del 78,6 por ciento y el VPN del 98,4 por ciento, mientras que para la preeclampsia los valores fueron 64 por ciento y 94,1 por ciento respectivamente. El IP anormal, tuvo una sensibilidad del 85,7 por ciento y un VPN de 98,9 por ciento para la predicción de la aparición de RCIU; mientras que para la preeclampsia los valores fueron de 71,0 por ciento y 95,0 %, respectivamente. La S/D anormal tuvo una sensibilidad de 64,3 por ciento y un VPN de 96,3por ciento en la predicción de RCIU; y para la aparición de preeclampsia, los valores fueron de 58,1 por ciento y de 90,4 por ciento respectivamente. Los VPN elevados indican el valor del Doppler de las arterias uterinas en la predicción de la ausencia de resultados adversos en gestantes con HTAc.

Chronic arterial hypertension (CAH) during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In order to evaluate the value of the uterine artery Doppler flowmetry at 24 weeks in the prediction of these complications, a prospective and descriptive study was conducted among 222 pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension that received attention at Ramón Gonzalaez Coro Hospital, in Havana City. The association between the presence of diastolic notch at 24 weeks, the pulsatility index (PI), and the abnormal S/D ratio was studied The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predicitive value (NPV) of the test for IUGR and preeclampsia were determined. The sensitivity of the diastolic notch for the appearance of IURG was 78.6 percent and the NPV was 98.4 percent, whereas for eclampsia, the values were 64 percent and 94.1 percent, respectively. The abnormal PI had a sensitivity of 85.7 percent and a NPV of 98.8 percent for the predicition of the appearance of IUGR. As to eclampsia, the values were 71.0 percent and 95.0 percent, respectively. Abnormal S/D ratio showed a sensitivity of 64.3 percent and a NPV of 96.3 percent in the prediction of IUGR. As regards the appearance of preeclampsia, the values were 58.1 percent and 90.4 percent, respectively. The high NPV indicated the value of the uterine artery Doppler to predict the absence of adverse results in expectants with chronic arterial hypertension.

Efetividade do tratamento de gestantes hipertensas / Perinatal outcome in the different clinical forms of hypertension during pregnancy

OBJETIVO: Comparar as intercorrências clínicas materno-fetais e a efetividade do tratamento entre grupos das síndromes hipertensivas na gestação (SHG). MÉTODOS: Foram revisados 200 prontuários de gestantes com SHG, sendo avaliados as intercorrências fetais, a classificação da síndrome hipertensiva e o uso de anti-hipertensivos. RESULTADOS: Entre as intercorrências maternas, 85 (42,5 por cento) das pacientes foram classificadas no grupo controle; 32 (16 por cento) apresentaram hipertensão gestacional (HG); 67 (33,5 por cento) PE; 6 (3 por cento) hipertensão crônica; e 10 (5 por cento) pré-eclâmpsia sobreposta a hipertensão crônica (PSHC). Os menores valores para a idade gestacional, peso dos recém-nascidos e para o índice de Apgar foram observados nos grupos de pacientes com PE e PSHC. A utilização do tratamento não alterou os parâmetros perinatais em relação aos grupos com HG. O grupo de pacientes com PE apresentou a menor idade gestacional e o menor índice de Apgar quando comparado ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A introdução da terapia anti-hipertensiva durante a gestação foi de fundamental importância para o atendimento à gestante com SHG, embora tenha proporcionado poucos avanços em relação à prevenção das intercorrências perinatais, pois não houve alteração dos parâmetros gestacionais nos casos em que se comparou a utilização do tratamento. A medicação utilizada pouco interfere no fluxo sangüíneo materno-fetal, e conseqüentemente, nas condições de nascimento da criança.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the maternal-fetal clinical intercurrences and the effectiveness of treatment in the different clinical forms of hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy (HSP). METHODS: Medical records of 200 pregnant women with HSP were reviewed to appraise fetal intercurrences, classification of the hypertensive syndrome and use of antihypertensives. RESULTS: Of the 200 patients analyzed, 85 (42.5 percent) were controls; 32 (16 percent) presented gestational hypertension (GH), 67 (33.5 percent) had Pre-eclampsia (PE), 6 (3 percent) had chronic hypertension and 10 (5 percent) cases had PE superimposed chronic hypertension (PSCH). The lowest values for gestational age, weights of the newborn and for the Apgar index were observed in the patients with PE and PSCH. Treatment did not alter the Apgar index in relation to control and non-treated GH patients. Patients with PE presented the lowest gestational age and the smallest Apgar index when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Introduction of an antihypertensive therapy during gestation was of fundamental importance for health improvement and pressure control of the pregnant woman with HSP. Nevertheless, it has been of little help for prevention of perinatal intercurrences. This was substantiated by the absence of improvement in the gestational conditions between the treated group when compared to the non-treated. Medication did not significantly improve the maternal-fetal blood flow and consequently in the birth condition of the child.